RNA cheat sheet
advertisement
RNAs involved in protein synthesis Type Abbr. Function Messenger RNA mRNA Codes for protein Ribosomal RNA rRNA Translation Signal recognition particle RNA 7SL RNA or SRP RNA Membrane integration Transfer RNA tRNA Translation tmRNA Rescuing stalled ribosomes Transfer-messenger RNA Distribution All organisms All organisms All organisms All organisms Bacteria RNAs involved in post-transcriptional modification or DNA replication Type Abbr. Function Small nuclear RNA snRNA Splicing and other functions Small nucleolar RNA snoRNA Nucleotide modification of RNAs SmY RNA Small Cajal bodyspecific RNA SmY mRNA trans-splicing Type of snoRNA; Nucleotide modification of RNAs Guide RNA gRNA mRNA nucleotide modification Ribonuclease P RNase P RNase MRP tRNA maturation Ribonuclease MRP Y RNA Telomerase RNA Component Spliced Leader RNA scaRNA Distribution Eukaryotes and archaea Eukaryotes and archaea Nematodes Kinetoplastid mitochondria All organisms rRNA maturation, DNA replication Eukaryotes RNA processing, DNA replication Animals TERC Telomere synthesis SL RNA mRNA trans-splicing, RNA processing Most eukaryotes Regulatory RNAs Type Abbr. Antisense RNA aRNA, asRNA Cis-natural antisense transcript cis-NAT CRISPR RNA crRNA Long noncoding RNA lncRNA MicroRNA miRNA Piwi-interacting RNA Small interfering RNA Trans-acting siRNA Repeat associated siRNA 7SK RNA Function Transcriptional attenuation / mRNA degradation / mRNA stabilisation / Translation block Distribution All organisms Gene regulation Resistance to parasites, probably by Bacteria and targeting their DNA archaea Regulation of gene transcription, epigenetic Eukaryotes regulation Most Gene regulation eukaryotes piRNA Transposon defense, maybe other functions Most animals siRNA Gene regulation Most eukaryotes tasiRNA Gene regulation Land plants rasiRNA Type of piRNA; transposon defense Drosophila 7SK negatively regulating CDK9/cyclin T complex Parasitic RNAs Type Function SelfRetrotransposon propagating Viral genome Viroid Satellite RNA Information carrier Selfpropagating Selfpropagating Distribution Eukaryotes and some bacteria Double-stranded RNA viruses, positive-sense RNA viruses, negative-sense RNA viruses, many satellite viruses and reverse transcribing viruses Infected plants Infected cells Other RNAs Type Abbr. Function Distribution Vault RNA vRNA, vtRNA Expulsion of xenobiotics (conjectured)