Supporting Information
Fig. S1. Global distribution of available information on Neotyphodium/Epichloë fungal
endophytes (published in peer reviewed articles). Data correspond to wild grass populations
(sown pastures were excluded) and each collection site is indicated by a black circle.
Colour pattern indicates the net primary productivity according to the categories established
in our analysis (see text for details).
Table S1. Distribution of studied species per biome and country and the corresponding
reference sources.
Biome
Country
Boreal forests/taiga
Finland
Sweden
Tundra
Canada
Grass species
Festuca ovina
Reference
Wäli et al. 2007
F. rubra
F. ovina
Granath et al. 2007
F. rubra
Granath 2007; Saona et al. 2010
F. vivipara
Granath et al. 2007
F. altaica
Koh & Hik 2007
F. rubra
Finland
F. ovina
F. rubra
Norway
F. ovina
Wäli et al. 2007
Sweden
F. ovina
Granath et al. 2007
F. rubra
F. vivipara
Deserts and xeric shrublands
Mediterranean forests,
woodlands, and scrub
China
Elymus dahuricus
Zhang & Nan 2007
Iran
B. tomentellus
Mirlohi et al. 2006
USA
Achnatherum robustum
Faeth et al. 2006
Lolium rigidum
Canals et al. 2008
L. sp.
Lewis et al. 1997
Australia
France
Italy
F. arundinacea
Morocco
F. arundinacea
Clement et al. 2008
F. rubra
Zabalgogeazcoa 1999
L. rigidum
Canals et al. 2008
F. arundinacea
Clement et al 2008
Achnatherum speciosum
Afkhami 2012
Spain
Tunisia
USA
F. idahoensis
L. multiflorum
L. perenne
Montane grasslands and
shrublands
China
E. dahuricus
Zhang & Nan 2007
Argentina
F. hieronymi
Iannone et al. 2011
P. huecu
Temperate broadleaf and
mixed forests
Argentina
B. setifolius
Novas et al.2007
Phleum alpinum
P. spiciformis
Australia
L. perenne
Reed et al. 2000
2
China
Denmark
Finland
E. dahuricus
Zhang & Nan 2007
L. perenne
Mette Dahl & Roulund 2004
F. ovina
Wäli et al. 2007
F. rubra
F. phoenix
Saari et al. 2010
F. eskia
Gonzalo-Turpin et al. 2010
L. sp.
Lewis et al. 1997
Iran
B. tomentellus
Mirlohi et al. 2006
Japan
L. multiflorum
Yamashita et al. 2010
F. ovina
Wäli et al. 2007
France
Norway
F. rubra
Sweden
UK
F. phoenix
Saari et al. 2010
F. arundinacea
Spyreas et al. 2001
F. obtusa
F. paradoxa
USA
Agrostis perennans
Rudgers et al. 2009
Brachyelytrum erectum
Cinna arundinacea
E. hystrix
E. riparius
E. virginicus
F. subverticillata
Tintjer et al. 2008; Afkhami & Rudgers 2008;
Rudgers 2009
Afkhami & Rudgers 2008; Rudgers 2009
Rudgers & Swafford 2009; Rudgers et al.
2009; Afkhami & Rudgers 2008
Afkhami & Rudgers 2008; Rudgers 2009
P. alsodes
P. sylvestris
Temperate coniferous forests
Sphenopholis obtusata
Rudgers et al. 2009
China
E. dahuricus
Zhang & Nan 2007
France
L. sp.
Lewis et al. 1997
Iran
B. tomentellus
Mirlohi et al. 2006
Morocco
F. arundinacea
Clement et al. 2008
Tunisia
F. arundinacea
USA
Achnatherum robustum
Faeth et al. 2006
Agrostis hyemalis
Rudgers et al. 2009
E. virginicus
Rudgers & Swafford 2009; Rudgers 2009
F. arizonica
Saikkonen et al. 1999
F. idahoensis
Afkhami 2012
P. annua
Rudgers et al. 2009
P. autumnalis
Sphenopholis longiflora
Temperate grasslands,
savannas and shrublands
Argentina
B. auleticus
Iannone et al. 2009; 2011
B. setifolius
Novas et al. 2007
F. arundinacea
Gundel et al. 2009
3
L. multiflorum
Phleum alpinum
Novas et al. 2007
P. bonariensis
Iannone et al. 2011
P. durifolia
P. lanuginosa
P. spiciformis
Novas et al. 2007
E. dahuricus
Zhang & Nan 2007
Iran
B. tomentellus
Mirlohi et al. 2006
USA
E. virginicus
Rudgers & Swafford 2009; Rudgers 2009
F. subverticillata
Afkhami & Rudgers 2008
F. versuta
Rudgers et al. 2009
L. multiflorum
Afkhami 2012
China
Sphenopholis nitida
Tropical and subtropical
coniferous forests
USA
Achnatherum lobatum
Afkhami & Rudgers 2008
Rudgers et al. 2009
F. ligulata
Tropical and subtropical
grasslands, savannas and
shrublands
Argentina
B. auleticus
Iannone et al. 2009, 2011
USA
E. virginicus
Rudgers et al. 2009
P. autumnalis
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