S2. Relationships between hydrological alterations, components of nature and benefits
Table S2.1 Relationships between hydrological alterations and elements of the river ecosystem
Hydrological alterations
Sign of
Affected components of Interviewees that
originating an impact
the effect the river ecosystem
identified such link
Reduction of the current flow
Status of native fishes
I-03, I-09, I-13
magnitude
Reduction of the current flow
Status of native eels
I-20
magnitude
Reduction of the current flow
Water quality
I-09, I-14, I-20, I-17
magnitude
Reduction of the current flow
Aesthetics of the
I-13, I-14, I-16, I-01,
magnitude
landscape
I-02
Reduction of the annual flow
Biodiversity in terms of I-14
magnitude
species and habitats
Reduction of the annual flow
Structure and quality of I-03
magnitude
riparian vegetation
Reduction of the annual flow
+
Sea water invasion
I-20
magnitude
Reduction of the annual flow
Aquifer level
I-12
magnitude
Higher flows in summer
Structure and quality of I-11
riparian vegetation
Higher flows in summer
Status of native fishes
I-13
Higher flows in summer
+
Spread of exotic species I-11, I-13
Flow stabilization
Structure and quality of I-13
riparian vegetation
Flow stabilization
Status of native fishes
I-11, I-03
References used for cross-checking
(Jowett and Richardson 1995; Næsje et al. 1995;
Whiting 2002; Benejam et al. 2010)
(Jowett and Richardson 1995)
(Poff et al. 1997)
(Brown and Daniel 1991; Pflüger et al. 2010)
(Whiting 2002)
(Johnson et al. 1976; Whiting 2002; Richardson et al.
2007)
(Glover 1959)
(Glover 1959; Whiting 2002)
(Poff et al. 1997; Richardson et al. 2007)
(Næsje et al. 1995; Whiting 2002)
(Aparicio et al. 2000)
(Poff et al. 1997; Richardson et al. 2007)
I-02, I-01
(Næsje et al. 1995; Whiting 2002; Bunn and
Arthington 2002)
(Aparicio et al. 2000; Lake 2003; Prats et al. 2009;
Boix et al. 2010)
(Poff et al. 1997)
(Busch and Smith 1995; Poff et al. 1997; Richardson
et al. 2007)
(Ballinger and Lake 2006)
I-01
(Cushman 1985; Poff et al. 1997)
I-11, I-10, I-03
(Cushman 1985; Næsje et al. 1995; Poff et al. 1997;
Whiting 2002; Lake 2003; Benejam et al. 2010; Boix
et al. 2010)
(Closs and Lake 1996; Scott and Helfman 2001; Boix
et al. 2010)
(Glover 1959; Lake 2003)
(Closs and Lake 1996; Scott and Helfman 2001; Boix
et al. 2010)
(Pflüger et al. 2010)
Flow stabilization
+
Spread of exotic species
I-09, I-11, I-13, I-03
Flow stabilization
Prolonged low flows
-
I-13
I-02
Prolonged low flows
-
Prolonged low flows
-
Prolonged low flows
-
Water quality
Structure and quality of
riparian vegetation
Status of native
terrestrial fauna
Status of native aquatic
birds
Status of native fishes
Prolonged low flows
-
Spread of exotic species
I-11, I-03
Prolonged low flows
Prolonged low flows
+/-
I-12
I-10, I-04, I-01
Prolonged low flows
-
Reduced high flows in terms of
magnitude and frequency
Reduced high flows in terms of
magnitude and frequency
-
Aquifer level
Biodiversity in terms of
species and habitats
Aesthetics of the
landscape
Diversity of river
morphology
Structure and quality of
riparian vegetation
Reduced high flows in terms of
magnitude and frequency
Reduced high flows in terms of
magnitude and frequency
Lower flow velocity of water
upstream
Lower flow velocity of water
upstream
Lower flow velocity of water
upstream
Lower flow velocity of water
upstream
Capture sediment moving
downstream
-
Aquifer level
I-12, I-04
-
I-13
-
Biodiversity in terms of
species and habitats
Status of native fishes
I-03
(Kingsford and Thomas 1995; Kondolf and Wilcock
1996; Bunn and Arthington 2002)
(Jowett and Richardson 1995)
+
Spread of exotic species
I-14, I-15, I-03
(Janes et al. 1996; Geiger et al. 2005; Boix et al. 2010)
-
Water quality
I-15, I-03
(Friedl and Wüest 2002)
-
Aesthetics of the
landscape
Diversity of river
morphology
I-06
(Pflüger et al. 2010)
I-11, I-08, I-12
(Ligon et al. 1995; Poff et al. 1997; Kondolf 1997)
-
-
I-13, I-02
I-11, I-13
I-13
(Jackson and Beschta 1992; Ligon et al. 1995; Kondolf
and Wilcock 1996; Whiting 2002)
(McBride and Strahan 1984; Kondolf and Wilcock
1996; Poff et al. 1997; Whiting 2002; Richardson et al.
2007)
(Glover 1959; Whiting 2002)
1
Table S2.2 Relationship between hydrological alterations and benefits for the human well-being
Hydrological alterations originating an impact
Effect Affected benefits
Interviewees that identified such link*
Reduction of the current flow magnitude
Preservation of historical canals
I-16, I-19, I-15
Reduction of the current flow magnitude
Hydropower
I-09, I-07
Reduction of the annual flow magnitude
Preservation of wetlands
I-14
Reduction of the annual flow magnitude
Preservation of coastal ecosystems
I-17, I-11, I-16
Reduction of the annual flow magnitude
Drinking water supply
I-10
Reduction of the annual flow magnitude
Irrigation
I-19
Reduction of the annual flow magnitude
Inter-basin water transfer
I-13, I-15
Higher flows in summer
+
Irrigation
I-11, I-15
Flow stabilization
+
Hydropower
I-11
Prolonged low flows
+
Preservation of historical canals
I-16, I-19, I-15
Prolonged low flows
Swimming
I-01
Prolonged low flows
Grazing
I-04, I-01
Prolonged low flows
Hydropower
I-07
Prolonged low flows
Industry water supply
I-05
Prolonged low flows
Intensive farming
I-08
Prolonged low flows
Irrigation
I-16, I-15
Reduced high flows in terms of magnitude and frequency
Preservation of wetlands
I-17, I-11, I-12
Reduced high flows in terms of magnitude and frequency
Preservation of coastal ecosystems
I-17
Reduced high flows in terms of magnitude and frequency
+
Hydropower
I-11, I-07
Reduced high flows in terms of magnitude and frequency
+
Security against floods
I-13, I-02, I-05
Rapid changes in river stage
Riverbank activities
I-13
Rapid changes in river stage
Swimming
I-13
Rapid changes in river stage
Washing clothes
I-13
Rapid changes in river stage
Angling
I-13
Rapid changes in river stage
Boating
I-13
Rapid changes in river stage
Hydropower
I-09
Lower flow velocity of water upstream
Boating
I-11
Lower flow velocity of water upstream
Relaxing sound of the flowing stream I-06, I-07
Lower flow velocity of water upstream
Dumping debris
I-06
Capture sediment moving downstream
Preservation of coastal ecosystems
I-11, I-16, I-12
*As we rely on the stakeholders’ opinion on how the ecosystem generates benefits for the human well-being, we didn’t need to cross-check with the
literature.
2
Table S2.3 Relationship among components of the river ecosystem
Components of the rivers whose Sign of
Affected components of
maintenance has an effect
the effect the river ecosystem
Aquifer level
+
Structure and quality of
riparian vegetation
Aquifer level
Sea water invasion
Aquifer level
+
Water quality of aquifers
Biodiversity in terms of species
+
Aesthetics of the
and habitats
landscape
Diversity of river morphology
+
Biodiversity in terms of
species and habitats
Diversity of river morphology
+
Structure and quality of
riparian vegetation
Diversity of river morphology
+
Status of native fishes
Diversity of river morphology
Spread of exotic species
Spread of exotic species
+
-
Status of native amphibians
+
Status of native fishes
Status of native fishes
+
+
Structure and quality of riparian
vegetation
Structure and quality of riparian
vegetation
Structure and quality of riparian
vegetation
Structure and quality of riparian
vegetation
Structure and quality of riparian
vegetation
Water quality
+
Water quality
Water quality
Water quality
+
+
Interviewees that
identified such link
I-11
I-12, I-04
I-12
I-01
References used for cross-checking
(Johnson et al. 1976; Whiting 2002; Richardson
et al. 2007)
(Glover 1959)
(Glover 1959)
(Montgomery 2002)
I-13
(Aparicio et al. 2000)
I-13
(Richardson et al. 2007)
I-09
I-02
(Meffe and Sheldon 1988; Pusey et al. 1993;
Aparicio et al. 2000; Bunn and Arthington 2002)
(Kondolf 1997)
(Roberts et al. 1995)
(Stanford et al. 1996; Poff et al. 1997; Aparicio et
al. 2000; Bunn and Arthington 2002)
*
I-01
I-02
(Ruiz-Olmo et al. 2001)
(Lake 2003)
I-13, I-03
(Whiting 2002)
I-02
(Ballinger and Lake 2006)
I-11, I-08, I-12
I-14
I-13
+
Aquifer level
Water quality
Biodiversity in terms of
species and habitats
Status of native aquatic
birds
Status of native otters
Status of native aquatic
birds
Biodiversity in terms of
species and habitats
Status of native terrestrial
fauna
Status of native fishes
I-03
(Baltz and Moyle 1984; Whiting 2002)
+
Water quality
I-08, I-03
+
Aesthetics of the
landscape
Status of native fishes
I-13, I-01, I-02
(Baltz and Moyle 1984; Knight and Bottorff
1984; Whiting 2002; Richardson et al. 2007)
(Pflüger et al. 2010)
+
+
Status of native crayfish
Spread of exotic species
Aesthetics of the
landscape
* Too specific relationship to find suitable references for cross-checking
I-09, I-13, I-10, I-18, I20, I-15
I-06
I-09
I-13, I-14, I-01
(Aparicio et al. 2000)
*
*
(Pflüger et al. 2010)
3
Table S2.4 Relationship between natural elements of the river ecosystem and benefits for the human well-being
Components of the rivers whose maintenance has an
Sign of the
Interviewees that identified such
effect
effect
Affected benefits
link*
Aesthetics of the landscape
+
Appreciation of the natural
I-10, I-08
environment
Aesthetics of the landscape
+
Riverbank activities
I-11, I-10
Aesthetics of the landscape
+
Angling
I-03
Aesthetics of the landscape
+
Walking, jogging and cycling
I-09, I-10, I-16, I-01
Aquifer level
+
Preservation of wetlands
I-11, I-12
Aquifer level
+
Intensive farming
I-10
Aquifer level
+
Drinking water supply
I-10, I-12
Aquifer level
+
Irrigation
I-11
Biodiversity in terms of species and habitats
+
Appreciation of the natural
I-08
environment
Diversity of river morphology
+
Swimming
I-01
Diversity of river morphology
+
Security against floods
I-08
Sea water invasion
Irrigation
I-12
Sea water invasion
Preservation of wetlands
I-20
Sea water invasion
Drinking water supply
I-20, I-12
Spread of exotic species
Preservation of historical canals
I-13
Spread of exotic species
Swimming
I-09
Spread of exotic species
+/Angling
I-09, I-17, I-10, I-16
Spread of exotic species
+/Appreciation of the natural
I-13, I-20
environment
Status of native amphibians
+
Appreciation of the natural
I-02
environment
Status of native aquatic birds
+
Appreciation of the natural
I-09, I-13, I-02
environment
Status of native crayfish
+
Appreciation of the natural
I-02
environment
Status of native eels
+
Angling
I-09
Status of native fishes
+
Angling
I-10, I-03, I-01
Status of native fishes
+
Appreciation of the natural
I-13
environment
Status of native otters
+
Appreciation of the natural
I-01
environment
Status of native otters
+
Game
I-11, I-01
Status of native terrestrial fauna
+
Appreciation of the natural
I-02
environment
Structure and quality of riparian vegetation
+/Appreciation of the natural
I-02
environment
Structure and quality of riparian vegetation
+
Riverbank activities
I-10
Structure and quality of riparian vegetation
+
Swimming
I-10
Structure and quality of riparian vegetation
+
Angling
I-03
Structure and quality of riparian vegetation
+
Walking, jogging and cycling
I-13, I-16
Structure and quality of riparian vegetation
+
Timber extraction
I-11, I-10, I-08
Structure and quality of riparian vegetation
+
Security against floods
I-08
Water quality
+
Swimming
I-09, I-10, I-20, I-01, I-07
Water quality
+
Drinking water supply
I-10, I-20
Water quality of aquifers
+
Drinking water supply
I-10
*As we rely on the stakeholders’ opinion on how the ecosystem generates benefits for the human well-being, we didn’t need to cross-check with the
literature.
4
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