Table S2. Mineralogy and properties of rock samples used in experiments.
Sample name
Stainton B
St. Bees #1
St. Bees #2
Doddington
Origin
Sandstone outcrop at
Stainton, Durham, U.K.
Sandstone outcrop at St. Bees,
Cumbria, U.K.
Sandstone outcrop at St. Bees,
Cumbria, U.K.
Sandstone outcrop
at Doddington, UK
Age
Carboniferous
Triassic
Triassic
Carboniferous
Depositional environment
Fluvial
Aeolian/fluvial reworked
Aeolian/fluvial reworked
Fluvial
Porosity
13±0.5%
19±0.7%
19±0.7%
18±0.7%
Grain size
60-200m
60-200m
60-200m
100-200m
Liquid permeability
2±0.05mD
70±2mD
30±1mD
850±5mD
Mineralogy
80% quartz
10% quartz cement
5% clay and feldspar
<5% white mica
<5% calcite cement
80% quartz
10% quartz cement
5% white mica
5% clay
80% quartz
10% quartz cement
5% white mica
5% clay
97% quartz
2% feldspar
<0.5% clay
<1% others
Formation factor
45±0.5
18±0.5
21.5±0.5
10±0.3
Dimensions
7.58cm length
3.58cm diameter
7.76cm length
3.71cm diameter
7.6cm length
3.7cm diameter
7.03cm length
3.78cm diameter
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