Supplemental data Table S1. Plate counting (aliquot 0.1 mL) of H. seropedicae SmR1 culture (OD600nm 0.8) after serial dilution. Serial dilution Plate count CFU/mL 10-4 >500 - 475 503 68 50 6 5 4.75 x 108 5.03 x 108 6.77 x 108 5.03 x 108 6.00 x 108 5.00 x 108 10-5 10-6 10-7 (n = 6) Table S2. Ct and Tm values generated by qPCR specificity assay with two annealing temperatures (61 or 63°C) using primers HERBAS1 and DNA extracted from Herbaspirillum seropedicae SmR1 or other bacteria as template DNA Annealing temperature a 61 °C 63 °C Template DNAa Mean Ct Tm1 Tm2 Tm3 Mean Ct Tm1 Tm2 Tm3 H. seropedicae SmR1 13.75 83.46 - - 13.46 83.56 - - H. hiltneri 33.35 68.28 76.69 82.73 32.91 69.02 76.24 85.75 H. huttiense 30.48 78.34 - - 30.82 78.26 70.94 87.31 H. lusitanum 30.19 74.32 84.19 - 30.73 70.12 84.20 - H. rubrisubalbicans 24.92 71.21 83.46 88.40 26.52 71.40 83.47 88.31 H. frisingense 30.63 71.12 79.07 86.75 31.57 69.84 79.08 84.84 A. brasilense 33.21 69.65 77.15 83.64 33.57 69.02 77.16 83.65 Bacillus cereus - - - - - - - - Bacillus subtilis - - - - - - - - E.coli 38.37 64.53 77.24 86.48 38.16 62.16 81.36 88.13 Rhizobium sp. 34.65 67.00 77.24 85.20 35.78 66.00 77.89 86.85 Microbacterium sp. 36.33 66.09 77.06 86.39 36.00 65.91 88.13 - Pseudomonas sp. 30.67 68.74 86.29 - 31.70 68.38 86.30 - Burkholderia tropica 32.70 68.65 81.26 34.38 Samples were analyzed at a final concentration of 6 ng DNA per reaction for all samples (n=4). 67.37 81.18 85.39 (-) = Ct or Tm not detected Table S3. Parameters of qPCR standard curves for Herbaspirillum seropedicae SmR1 detection with two annealing temperatures (61 or 63°C) conditions using primers HERBAS1 and bacterial DNA serial dilution. Annealing temperature 61 °C 63 °C DNA Sample Efficiency (%) Slope R2 Efficiency (%) Slope R2 A 79.52 -3.94 0.998 78.26 -3.98 0.998 B 80.98 -3.88 0.999 82.60 -3.82 0.998 C 81.34 -3.87 0.996 77.34 -4.02 0.999 Mean 80.62 -3.89 0.997 79.40 -3.94 0.998 SD 0.96 0.04 0.001 2.81 0.10 0.001 CV (%) 1.20 0.91 0.10 3.54 2.63 0.10 Figure S1. Melting curve of qPCR using primer pair HERBAS1 of Herbaspirillum seropedicae strain SmR1 (red line) and 12 bacteria: Herbaspirillum hiltneri, Herbaspirillum huttiense, Herbaspirillum lusitanum, Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans, Herbaspirillum frisingense, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Azospirillum brasilense, Rhizobium sp, Microbacterium sp and Pseudomonas sp., Figure S2. Melting curve of qPCR using primer pair HERBAS2 of Herbaspirillum seropedicae strain SmR1 (red line) and 6 bacteria: Herbaspirillum frisingense, Herbaspirillum hiltneri, Herbaspirillum huttiense, Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans, Azospirillum brasilense,. Herbaspirillum lusitanum, Figure S3. Electrophoresis gel of qPCR amplicon using primers HERBAS1 (76 bp; lanes 2 to 7) and HERBAS2 (63 bp; lanes 8 to 13). Samples: 1 – 50 bp DNA ladder; 2 – H. hiltneri, 3 – H. huttiense, 4 – H. lusitanum, 5 – H. rubrisubalbicans, 6 – H. frisingense, 7 – H. seropedicae SmR1; 8 – H. hiltneri, 9 – H. huttiense, 10 – H. lusitanum, 11 – H. rubrisubalbicans, 12 – H. frisingense, 13 – H. seropedicae SmR1; 14, 15 – Water. Figure S4. Melting curve of qPCR using primer pair HERBAS1 and DNA from samples inoculated with H. seropedicae strain SmR1 cultivated in vitro. Inoculated samples were collected 1, 4, 7 and 10 days after inoculation (DAI). Figure S5. Melting curve of qPCR using primer pair HERBAS1 and DNA samples inoculated with H. seropedicae strain SmR1 cultivated in pots. Inoculated samples were collected 4, 7 and 10 days after inoculation (DAI). A B Figure S6. A) Amplification plot and B) melting curve of real-time PCR using primer pair HERBAS1 and DNA from samples inoculated with H. seropedicae strain SmR1 and cultivated in natural soil.