No
1
2
Name
Hexokinase
Phosphoglucose
isomerase
Phosphofructokinase
Phosphoglycerate
kinase
Pyruvate kinase
Lactate
dehydrogenase
Glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase
Ribulose-5phosphate epimerase
Transketolase
Pyruvate
dehydrogenase
Citrate synthase
Aconitase/isocitrate
dehydrogenase
Alpha ketoglutarate
dehydrogenase
Succinate
dehydrogenase
Abbreviation
VHK
VPGI
Stoichiometry
EGLC  ATP 
 G6P  ADP
VPFK
VPGK
F6P  ATP 
 2GAP  ADP
Malate
dehydrogenase
Pyruvate carboxylase
Malic enzyme
Glutamine synthetase
VMLD
MAL  NAD  
 OXA  NADH
VPC
VME
VGlnT
PYR  ATP 
 OXA  ADP

MAL  NAD 
 PYR  NADH
EGLN  ADP 
 GLU  ATP  NH 4
Glutamate
dehydrogenase
Alanine
aminotranferase
Asparaginase
VGLDH
GLU  NAD  
 AKG  NH 4  NADH
VAlaTA
PYR  GLU 
 AKG  ALA
VASN
ASN 
 ASP  NH 4
Aspartate
aminotransferase
Amino acids
transamination
VASTA
ASP  AKG 
 OXA  GLU
VAAtoSUC
LYS  ILE  LEU  VAL TYR  7AKG  ATP
VHISARGTA
HIS  ARG  AKG 
 4GLU  NH 4
25
26
Histidine/arginine
transamination
Glutamate transport
Serine dehydratase
VGluT
VSDHH
GLU 
 EGLU
SER 
 PYR  NH 4
27
ATPase
VATPase
ATP 
 ADP
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
G6P 
 F6P
GAP  ADP  NAD  
 PEP  ATP  NADH
PEP  ADP 
 PYR  ATP
VPK
VLDH
PYR  NADH 
 LAC  NAD 
VG6PDH
G6P  2NAPD  
 R5P  2NADPH
VEP
R5P 
 X5P
VTK
VPDH
R5P  2X5P 
 2F6P  GAP

PYR  NAD 
 ACCOA  NADH
VCS
VCITS
ACCOA  OXA 
 CIT

CIT  NAD 
 AKG  NADH
VAKGDH
AKG  NAD  
 SUC  NADH
VSDH
SUC  ADP  2 3 NAD

 MAD  ATP  2 3 NADH
9NAD  2NADP 
 4GLU  3SUC  MAL
8ACCOA  ADP  9NADH  2NADPH
28
29
NADPH oxidase
Respiration
VNADPHox
Vresp
NADPH 
 NADP 
2NADH  O 2  (2 P O ratio) ADP

 2NAD   2ATP
30
31
32
Leak
Adenylate kinase
Nucleotide synthesis
Vleak
VAK
VPPRibP
33
Biomass synthesis
Vgrowth
2NADH 
 2NAD 
ATP  AMP 
 2ADP
0.6R5P  2EGLN  2ASP  GLY  2ATP

 2ADP  AMP  2GLY  2MAL
0.06ALA  0.04ARG  0.04ASN  0.03ASP
0.02GLN  0.04GLU  0.06GLY  0.02HIS
0.09ILE  0.06LYS  0.01MET  0.02PHE
0.03PRO  0.05SER  0.04THR  0.02TYR
0.04VAL  3.78ATP  0.03G6P  0.03R5P
34
mAb synthesis
VmAb
0.09CIT 
 X  3.78ADP
0.06ALA  0.02ARG  0.05ASN  0.04ASP  0.04GLN
0.05GLU  0.07GLY  0.02HIS  0.10ILE  0.06LYS
0.01MET  0.04PHE  0.07PRO  0.11SER  0.11THR
0.03TYR  0.09VAL  4ATP 
 mAb  4ADP