Examination Questions
Faculty of Dentistry
1. Classification of Disasters according to the World Health Organization (WHO)
2. Basic concepts, definitions and classifications of emergencies (accidents, disasters, natural
disasters
Organization of emergency professional medical aid during disasters. Importance and main
points.
4. Specialized medical aid during disasters with many casualties.
5. Specialized hospital aid during disasters with many casualties.
6. Triage (medical sorting).
3.
7. Organization of the evacuation of casualties to hospitals (so called medical evacuation).
Organization of carrying out and transportation of the casualties. Stages of medical
evacuation
8. Triage (medical sorting). Triage systems. START system. SALT system. Methodology of
triage.
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Medical response to earthquakes. Medical Issues. Initial prehospital care in earthquakes.
Floods. Public health impacts. Response to public health impact of floods.
Transportation disaster. Airplane accidents. Clinical aspects
Ship disasters. Rail disasters. Injury patterns. Medical response.
Nuclear power plants (NPP) accidents: causes and classifications. Pollution of the
surrounding environment with radioisotopes – radioactive plumes and fallout.
Assessment of the situation after NPP accidents. International classification of accidents.
Types of radioactive fallout. Migration of radioactive substances in the biosphere. Main
radioactive products from NPP accidents.
Food and water contamination with radioisotopes. Main radioisotope contaminants.
Effect of ionizing radiation on the human body.
Mechanism of biological effect of the ionizing radiation.
Public exposure to natural background radiation. Increased irradiation from the natural
sources of radiation cased by industry development.
Technogenic sources of ionizing radiation.
Irradiation of the public for medical purposes.
Types of ionizing radiation.
Types of irradiation with ionizing radiation.
Dosimetry and radiometry – doses and units. Dosimetric methods and dosimetric
apparatus.
Changes in the body from acute high doses of radiation – clinical forms and course.
Changes in the body from acute high doses of radiation – acute radiation syndrome, bone
marrow form.
Acute radiation syndrome – prophylaxis, treatment, side‐effects and complications.
Radiation dermatitis after NPP accidents.
Effect of radiation on the human body.
Changes in the body from irradiation with small doses of ionizing radiation – late somatic
and genetic effects. Effects of ionizing radiation on pregnancy. Changes in the body in
so‐called prolonged exposure to ionizing radiation and in chronic irradiation.
30. Radioisotopes received in the body (so‐called incorporation) – toxicology of the radioactive
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isotopes. Incorporated radiation syndrome. Combined radiation injuries.
31. Principles of public protection from ionizing radiation (before and after accidents).
Public protection after radioactive accidents. Principles and methods for protection from
external radiation.
Chemical Incidents. Examples and Experiences. Classification of hazardous chemicals. Target
organ effects. Identification of the hazardous chemicals. Assessment, decontamination and
initial treatment of patients. Patient decontamination. Decontamination equipment.
Antidotes. Contradictions to antidote administration.
Types of poisoning. Action of toxic substances on the human body. Toxicokinetics and
Toxicodynamics.
Mass poisoning with chemical substances. Means of entering the body. Industrial toxins.
General characteristics of poisoning with industrial and agricultural toxins. Focus of chemical
contamination (FCC).
Indication and decontamination of industrial and other toxins.
Characteristics of acute poisoning with industrial respiratory toxins. Chlorine – main clinical
manifestations, prophylaxis, first aid.
Characteristics of acute poisoning with industrial respiratory toxins. Ammonia – main clinical
manifestations, prophylaxis, first aid.
Respiratory toxins which cause pulmonary edema.
Characteristics of acute poisoning with general industrial toxins. Carbon monoxide – main
clinical manifestations, prophylaxis, first aid.
Characteristics of acute poisoning with general industrial toxins. Cyanide – main clinical
manifestations, prophylaxis, first aid.
Characteristics of acute poisoning with phosphor‐organic agricultural toxins ‐ main clinical
manifestations, prophylaxis, first aid.
Characteristics of poisoning with non‐lethal toxins – toxins affecting large groups of people (e.g.
Riot control gasses).
Chemical weapons. Main properties. Classifications Nerve agents. Choking agents. Blistering
agents. Incapacitating agents. Cytotoxic Proteins Characteristics and medical management of
explosive events. Mechanisms of blast injury.
Fire accidents. Physiopathology of burns. Thermal Inhalation Injury. Carbon Monooxide
Poisoning. Cyanide Poisoning
Collective means of protection. Decontamination as part of a radiological, chemical and
biological protection