Classification
Handbook
Version 4
October 2012
Contents
1. Purpose ........................................................................................................ 3
2. Paralympics New Zealand Classification Strategy ....................................... 4
3. Classification Definition ................................................................................ 5
4. History of Classification ................................................................................ 6
5. IPC Classification Code ................................................................................ 7
6. Sport Specific Classification Systems........................................................... 8
7. Sport Classes ............................................................................................... 9
8. Sport Class Allocation ................................................................................ 10
9. Eligibility ..................................................................................................... 11
10. Impairment types ........................................................................................ 12
11. Provisional Classification ............................................................................ 14
12. National Classification ................................................................................ 15
13. International Classification.......................................................................... 15
14. Athlete Evaluation ...................................................................................... 16
15. NZ Athlete Classification Pathway .............................................................. 17
16. Classification Personnel ............................................................................. 18
17. Athlete Presentation for Evaluation ............................................................ 19
18. Athlete Assessment .................................................................................... 21
19. Sport Class and Sport Class Status ........................................................... 23
20. Notification of Sports Class and Status ...................................................... 25
21. Classification Protests ................................................................................ 26
22. Classification Appeals ................................................................................ 28
23. Pre- Competition Classification Tasks ........................................................ 29
24. Classifier Training and Certification ............................................................ 30
25. Classification Forms (Currently all under review) ....................................... 32
26. Layman’s Guide to Paralympic Sport Classifications ................................. 32
27. Appendix 1 ................................................................................................. 33
Sport International Federations .................................................................. 33
28. APPENDIX 2: ............................................................................................. 34
Glossary ..................................................................................................... 34
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1. Purpose
This handbook is designed as an information resource for, but not limited to, athletes,
coaches, officials, administrators and classifiers in New Zealand.
Subject content contained within this resource is defined to one or more separate pages for
ease of subject printing.
Information contained within this resource includes:

Paralympics New Zealand Classification National Program

Definition Classification and the IPC Classification Code

History of Classification

Sports Specific Classification Systems and International Federations

Eligible impairments

Provisional Classification

Athlete Evaluation

Classification Personnel

Athlete presentation for Evaluation

Athlete Assessment and Sport Class Allocation

Precompetition Classification tasks

Protests and appeals

Classifier Training and Certification

Glossary

Appendices
For further information on classification please contact the Paralympics New Zealand office;
Paralympics New Zealand
Suite 2.10, Axis Building
A Cleveland Road, Parnell
Auckland 1052
New Zealand
Tel
(09) 526 0760
Email classification@paralympics.org.nz or info@paralympics.org.nz
Website www.paralympics.org.nz
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2. Paralympics New Zealand Classification Strategy
Paralympics New Zealand (PNZ) is committed to developing a world leading Classification
Programme that offers best practice in;

Athlete classification services and pathways across all sports from provisional to
national level and the facilitation of opportunities for classification at an international
level.

Classifier development through training, certification, pathways and resources.
PNZ adheres to the roles and responsibilities of a National Federation (NF), as outlined by
the International Paralympic Committee, (IPC), to:

Ensure the PNZ Classification Rules and Regulations conform to the IPC
Classification Code and establish procedures to address non compliance with the
Code.

To promote and develop a National Classification Strategy, including education.
PNZ supports all Paralympic national sports to adhere to their International Sports
Federation (IF) Classification Rules and Regulations.
The PNZ Classification Program has strong collaborative working relationships with;

IPC

International Federations

National Federations

PNZ National staff

PNZ Sport Specific Program Directors

Classifiers

Event Organizers

PNZ managed and invested sports

NSO managed and PNZ invested sports

NSO managed and invested sports

DSO managed and invested sports
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3. Classification Definition
Classification ensures Paralympic sport competition is fair and equitable. All Paralympic
sports have a classification system in place which ensures that winning is determined by
skill, fitness, power, endurance, tactical ability and mental focus, the same factors that
account for success in sport for able bodied athletes.
Classification has two important roles;


To determine eligibility to compete
To group athletes for competition
Classification is integral to Paralympic Sports as it minimises the impact of impairments on
the activity (sport discipline). Impairment on its own though is not sufficient and the impact
on the sport must be proven.
In each Paralympic sport, the process of grouping athletes by the degree of activity
limitation resulting from the impairment is called “classification”. Through classification, it is
determined which athletes are eligible to compete in a sport and how athletes are grouped
together for competition. This, to a certain extent, is similar to grouping athletes by age,
gender or weight.
Classification is sport-specific because impairment affects the ability to perform in different
sports to a different extent. As a consequence, an athlete may meet the criteria in one
sport, but may not meet the criteria in another sport.
An efficient classification system must;
 Enable fair and equitable competition
 Only measure functional limitations caused by the physical disability through
recognised validated tests
 Be as simple as possible so that it can be used in a consistent way in every
participating country
 Be sport specific
 Be based on scientific evidence.
The following should NOT under any circumstances affect an athlete's class in any sport;





Sporting skills, natural talent or training effect
Genetic superiority or inferiority
Gender
Body size or type
The use of strapping for stability
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4. History of Classification
In the 1940’s Dr Ludwig Guttmann founded Paralympic sport as an extension of the
rehabilitation process.
Sport classes reflected the structure of a rehabilitation hospital with separate classes for
people with spinal cord injuries, amputation and those with other neurological or
orthopaedic conditions.
Sport Drives Classification
As the Paralympic movement matured, the focus switched away from rehabilitation and
was driven by sport.
In the 1980’s, supported by the demands of Games’ organizing committees to reduce the
number of classes in different sports, classification transitioned from medical to functional
classification, a system still used in many Paralympic sports today (an exception being the
classification system used for athletes with visual impairment which still remains medically
based).
Functional classification is sport specific because any given impairment may have a
significant impact in one sport and a relatively minor impact in another sport. For example
the impact of a below elbow arm amputee in swimming is greater than in running.
Paralympic Classification Today
Since the widespread adoption of functional systems of classification, Paralympic sport has
continued to mature rapidly. An athlete’s classification had a significant impact on the
degree of success they are likely to achieve, and the concept of functional classification,
based on performance, was questioned.
The Movement recognized the need to revisit classification and in 2003 the IPC Governing
Board approved a classification strategy which recommended the development of a
universal classification code, giving direction for the future of Paralympic classification.
The Paralympic movement approved the IPC Classification Code in November 2007, which
defines Paralympic classification as “accurate, reliable and consistent sport focussed
classification systems”.
Future Outlook
The Paralympic movement is committed to the development of evidence based
classification systems, so that athletes who enhance their competitive performance through
effective training will not be moved to a class with athletes who have less activity limitation
(as they would in performance classification system), but will be rewarded by becoming
more competitive with the class they were allocated. All Paralympic sports must have
classification rules and regulations which include processes and procedures to allocate
sport classes that are in compliance with the IPC Classification Code.
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5. IPC Classification Code
The IPC Classification Code (2007) helps support and co-ordinate the development and
implementation of accurate, reliable and consistent sport focused classification systems,
and to detail policies and procedures common to classification in all sport. It is hoped this
will contribute to sporting excellence for all athletes and sports in the Paralympic
Movement, providing equitable competition, through classification processes that are
robust, transparent and fair.
The Code is complemented by International Standards that provide the technical and
operational requirements for classification. Adherence to the International Standards is
mandatory for compliance with the Code. There are three International Standards;

Athlete Evaluation: procedures for the assessment of athletes and the allocation
of sport class and sport class status

Protests and Appeals: procedures for the management of classification related
protests and appeals

Classifier Training and Certification: management of classifier training and
certification
The Code applies to all sports within the Paralympic movement. The implementation of and
compliance with the IPC Classification Code is monitored by the IPC Classification
Committee.
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6. Sport Specific Classification Systems
Each Paralympic sport has a different classification system, because each sport requires
different abilities Each IF decides which impairment types their sport will cater for and how
severe an impairment needs to be for an athlete to be eligible for their sport.
Sport classes are defined by each sport and are reflected in the sport’s classification rules
together with processes and procedures on how athlete assessment is conducted. These
classification rules are sport rules, and are governed by the respective IF and are subject to
change. (Refer Appendix 1)
The IPC Classification Code requires all classification systems;

To identify eligible impairments for that particular sport

To describe methods for assessment of athletes so that the impact of the
impairment on the activity is proven. Such methods must be based on ‘scientific
evidence
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7. Sport Classes
A sport class is a category which groups athletes depending on how much their impairment
impacts performance in their sport. Therefore, a sport class is not necessarily comprised of
one impairment type alone, but can be comprised of athletes with different impairments.
However, these different impairments affect sport performance to a similar extent. For
example, you will find athletes with paraplegia and double above-the-knee amputation
competing in the same sport class in IPC Athletics because their different impairments have
a comparable effect on their 1,500m wheelchair racing performance.
In individual sports, athletes compete against athletes in their own sport class to ensure the
impact of impairment is minimized. In Rowing, for example, athletes compete in three sport
classes, depending on whether they use their arms only, their arms and trunk only, or their
arms, trunk and legs to accelerate the boat.
In national events and smaller international competitions athletes in different sport classes
may compete together for one medal, because there are not enough athletes for each sport
class to create a competitive event. In these cases, the different sport classes are replaced
by coefficients to take the different levels of activity limitations into account.
Some Paralympic sports only have one Sport class, such as Powerlifting. To compete in
these sports, the athletes only need to meet the minimal impairment criteria.
In team sports such as Wheelchair Rugby, the players are allocated points, which indicate
their activity limitation. A lower score indicates a more severe activity limitation than a
higher score. A team is not allowed to have more than a certain maximum sum of points on
the field of play at the same time in order to ensure equal competition with the opposing
team.
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8. Sport Class Allocation
A sport class is allocated through athlete evaluation by classifiers. Each IF trains and
certifies international classifiers and makes recommendations for the training and
certification of national classifiers to conduct classification in its sport.
Classifiers for athletes with the various physical impairments listed below either have a
medical or paramedical background or are technical experts in their sport. Athletes with
visual impairment are classified by classifiers with a background in ophthalmology..
Psychologists and sport experts are involved with classification for athletes with intellectual
impairment.
All NEW and REVIEW athletes report to classification at the designated time and follow the
following process;





Athlete accreditation is verified and relevant medical documents collated
Athlete is briefed on the classification process and signs a consent form
Athlete will undergo a physical and technical assessment and may be observed in
training
All relevant 3rd parties are informed of the classification and usually the protest
opportunities
Athlete is usually observed during the 1st appearance or the event, depending on
the IF Sport rules and if changes are made to the original classification relevant
parties are informed
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9. Eligibility
The criteria detailing how an athlete may be considered eligible to compete shall be defined
for each sport by the respective IF. Each IF shall have eligibility criteria based on the
specific tasks required to compete in each sport. As a consequence, an athlete may meet
eligibility criteria in one sport, but may not be eligible to compete in another sport. Eligibility
to compete should be assessed in accordance with the classification rules and regulations
for the IF.
To be eligible to compete, an athlete must have an impairment that leads to a permanent
and verifiable activity limitation.
The impairment should limit the athlete's ability to compete equitably in elite sport with
athletes without impairment.
If an athlete has an activity limitation resulting from an impairment that is not permanent
and/or does not limit the athlete's ability to compete equitably in elite sport with athletes
without impairment, the athlete should be considered ineligible to compete.
If an athlete fails to meet the eligibility criteria for a particular sport, the athlete will be
declared ineligible for competition in that particular sport if an athlete is deemed ineligible
for competition under the rules of an IF, this does not question the presence of a genuine
impairment. This is only a ruling on the eligibility of the athlete to compete under the sport
rules of the IF.
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10. Impairment types
The Paralympic movement offers sport opportunities for athletes that have a primary
impairment that belongs to one of the following 10 ‘eligible’ impairment types as follows.
 Impaired muscle power: Impairments in this category have in common that there
is reduced force generated by the contraction of a muscle or muscle groups (e.g.
muscles of one limb, one side of the body, the lower half of the body). Examples
of conditions included in this category are para and quadriplegia, muscular
dystrophy, post poliomyelitis, spina bifida.
 Impaired passive range of movement: Range of movement in one or more joint
is reduced in a systematical way, (e.g. ankylosis, scoliosis, arthrogryposis) Note
that hyper mobility of joints, joint instability (e.g. shoulder dislocation), and acute
conditions of reduced range of movement (e.g. arthritis types of impairment)
typically will be excluded as ‘eligible impairment’.
 Limb deficiency: There is a total or partial absence of the bones or joints as a
consequence of trauma (e.g. traumatic amputation), illness (e.g. bone cancer) or
congenital limb deficiency (e.g. dysmelia).
 Leg length difference: Due to congenital deficiency or trauma, bone shortening
occurs in one leg.
 Short stature: Standing height is reduced due to aberrant dimensions of bones of
upper and lower limbs or trunk (e.g. achondroplasia).
 Hypertonia: A condition marked by an abnormal increase in muscle tension and a
reduced ability of a muscle to stretch. Hypertonia may result from injury, disease,
or conditions that involve damage to the central nervous system. When the injury
occurs in children under the age of 2, the term cerebral palsy is often used, but it
also can be due to brain injury (e.g. stroke, trauma) or multiple sclerosis.
 Ataxia: Ataxia is a neurological sign and symptom that consists of a lack of coordination of muscle movements. When the injury occurs in children under the age
of 2, the term cerebral palsy is often used, but it also can be due to brain injury
(e.g. stroke, trauma) or multiple sclerosis.
 Athetosis: Athetosis can vary from mild to severe motor dysfunction. It is
generally characterized by unbalanced, involuntary movements of muscle tone
and a difficulty maintaining a symmetrical posture. When the injury occurs in
children under the age of 2, the term cerebral palsy is often used, but it also can
be due to brain injury (e.g. stroke, trauma).
 Vision impairment: Vision is impacted by either an impairment of the eye
structure, optical nerves or optical pathways, or visual cortex of the central brain.
 Intellectual Impairment: The Paralympic Movement identifies intellectual
impairment as “a disability characterized by significant limitation both in intellectual
functioning and in adaptive behaviour as expressed in conceptual, social and
practical adaptive skills. This disability originates before the age of 18” (American
Association on Intellectual and Development Disability, 2010). The diagnostics of
intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour must be made using internationally
recognized and professionally administered measures as recognized by INAS
(International Federation for sport for para-athletes with an intellectual disability).
The Paralympic Movement adopted the definitions for the eligible impairment types as
described in the World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning,
Disability and Health (2001, World Health Organization, Geneva)
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Each Paralympic Sport has to clearly define for which impairment groups they provide
sports opportunities. This is described in the Classification Rules of each sport. While some
sports include athletes of all impairment types (e.g. Athletics, Swimming), other sports are
limited to one impairment type (e.g. Goalball, Boccia) or a selection of impairment types
(e.g. Equestrian, Cycling)
The presence of an applicable eligible impairment is a prerequisite but not the sole criterion
of entry into a particular Paralympic Sport.
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11. Provisional Classification
Provisional classifications are temporary classifications allocated to an athlete and are valid
until such time the athlete can be classified by a classification panel.
Provisional classifications may be allocated to an athlete for a specific sport in one of, but
not limited to, the following situations;

At an international event where a classification panel is not available

At a national event where a classification panel is not available

As a national entry level for athletes new to the sport
Provisional classifications may be allocated by;

A classifier in a face to face consultation in conjunction with a medical certificate
of diagnosis

A classifier on receipt of a medical diagnosis form and provisional classification
form
A provisional classification is valid for a limited period of time, as dictated by the IF or NF
and may be subject to change upon classification assessment by the sports specific
classification panel.
Athletes may be eligible for medals, as dictated by the IF and/or NF but the athlete will not
be eligible for records.
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12. National Classification
A national classification is a sport specific classification carried out by a classification panel
trained by the IF, or under the training recommendations set by the IF.
The classification process is the same process administered by the IF and outlined within
Section 8 of this document.
A national classification is generally offered at national sport events where medals and
records can be allocated to those athletes with a national classification.
13. International Classification
An International Classification is allocated to all NEW and REVIEW athletes reporting to an
International Competition at an IF Sanctioned Event.
An International Classification is a sport specific classification carried out by the IF
designated panel of International Classifiers. The classification process is the same
process as outlined within Section 8 of this document.
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14. Athlete Evaluation
When an athlete first starts competing he/she undergoes a process to verify they meet the
eligibility criteria.
This process is conducted by a classification panel, a group of individuals authorized and
certified by an International federation (IF) to determine the sport class of an athlete. The
process (typically) includes;

Verification of the presence of an eligible impairment for that sport

Physical and technical assessment to exam the degree of activity limitation

Allocation of a sport class

Observation in competition
When undergoing athlete evaluation, an athlete is only classified for one sport.
If an athlete is not eligible to compete in a sport, this does not question the presence of a
genuine impairment. It means that either;

The athlete does not have a primary impairment that makes him/her eligible to
compete in that particular sport or;

The severity of the impairment does not significantly impact on the activities
required in that particular sport.
Due to the progressive nature of some impairments and their impact on certain activities,
athletes are sometimes classified a number of times throughout their career. When the
medical condition of an athlete changes, he/she needs to inform the sport as well and ask
for re-assessment.
To compete at international level, an athlete must be classified by an international
classification panel and their decision overrules any previous classification decision taken
by a national classification panel. As a result of the sport specific classification systems,
each sport has its own classifiers.
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15. NZ Athlete Classification Pathway
Expression of Interest to Compete
Complete Appropriate PNZ Forms
PNZ Provisional
Classification Test Sheet
PNZ Blindness Grading
Form
PNZ Registration Form for
Athletes with an Intellectual
Disability
PNZ
Provisional Class*
currently
Classified by PNZ National
Classification Panel
PNZ National Class
Classified by an International Panel at
an International Event
International Class
Athletes with a PNZ Provisional class are not eligible for national or international
records.
Please note: Relevant forms are available from the PNZ website. Please forward all
relevant forms and requested information to the PNZ Office (see page 3 for contact details).
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16. Classification Personnel
Classifier

A Classifier is a person authorized as an official by an IF or NF to evaluate athletes,
while serving as a member of a Classification Panel. The duties and responsibilities
of a Classifier are detailed in the IPC International Standard for Classifier Training
and Certification and the IF Classification Rules and Regulations.

Classifiers are trained and certified by an IF in accordance with the International
Standard for Classifier Training and Certification.
Classification Positions
An IF or NF shall establish the following positions:

Head of Classification: The Head of Classification is a Classifier responsible for
the direction, administration, co-ordination and implementation of Classification
matters for the IF.

Chief Classifier: The Chief Classifier is a Classifier responsible for the direction,
administration, co-ordination and implementation of Classification matters for a
specific competition.
Classification Panel

Classification Panel is a group of Classifiers, appointed for a particular competition
by an IF or NF, to determine the Sport Class and Sport Class Status. This is done
in accordance with the Classification Rules of the respective IF.

International Classification Panels, and recommended for NF Panels, must include
a minimum of two Classifiers, unless an IF requires that more than two Classifiers
constitute a Classification Panel.

During a competition members of a Classification Panel should not have any other
official responsibilities that are not in connection with Classification.
Code of Conduct

Each IF shall require all classifiers to comply with the Code of Conduct included in
the International Standard for Classifier Training and Certification.
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17. Athlete Presentation for Evaluation
Reporting
Athletes must report to classification at their allocated time. Failure to do so, and without
reasonable explanation, may result in them not receiving a classification thus being
ineligible to compete.
Athletes must dress appropriately in sports clothing and bring all equipment and devices as
required by the sports classification rules including but not limited to: medical certificate of
diagnosis and relevant medical documentation, assistive devices, competition and/or daily
use wheelchair, competition and/or daily use prostheses and/or orthoses, any other device
that they intend to use during the competition.
Athletes with a visual impairment must bring any spectacles/eye glasses and/or contact
lenses used to correct vision to evaluation by the ophthalmologist..
The athlete may be accompanied by not more than one representative.
Incorrect presentation for evaluation is subject to not being seen for classification.
Verification
The chief classifier or designated representative will meet the athlete and their
accompanying support staff in a reception area to:

Verify the accreditation of the athlete and any accompanying support staff.

Check that the athlete has met all of the attire and equipment requirements for
athlete evaluation in accordance with the sport’s classification rules

Collect any of the required documentation that was requested to be brought by the
athlete.
A classification panel member may additionally request information on the health of an
athlete prior to evaluation. Failure to provide this information may be deemed to constitute
non-co-operation during evaluation.
If an athlete has a health condition that causes pain that limits or prohibits full effort during
evaluation, they may not be appropriate for evaluation at that time. The chief classifier may,
time permitting, re-schedule the evaluation.
Prior to the athlete assessment a classification panel member will brief the athlete and their
accompanying support regarding the procedures involved in the classification process.
Consent
Athletes must consent to evaluation by signing a classification consent form to indicate their
willingness to be classified and confirm their agreement to provide full effort and cooperation throughout the classification process.
The classification consent form shall remind athletes that failing to cooperate with
classifiers or failure to complete the classification process may be subject to sanctions in
accordance with “Non-co-operation during evaluation” or “Intentionally Misrepresenting
Skills and Abilities” and the athlete may be subject to not receiving a classification.
The consent for classification is part of the classification rules of the IF and PNZ. Signing
this agreement includes but is not limited to:
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 Willingness to undergo a complete classification process, including all components
as required by the specific sport and to take part co-operating fully with classifiers

Acknowledgment that classifiers are not held liable for any pain or suffering
experienced in the course of the evaluation
 Agreement to allow photographs and/or videotaping for educational purposes.
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18. Athlete Assessment
The Athlete Assessment may include, but is not limited to;

Physical Assessment

Technical Assessment

Observation Assessment
The physical assessment and the technical assessment take place during the classification
evaluation period. The observation assessment takes place during the classification
evaluation period (in case of official training sessions) and/or the classification competition
period.
Physical Assessment
A classification panel should conduct a physical assessment of the athlete in accord with
methods of assessment stipulated in the classification rules of the IF. The physical
assessment may include, but is not limited to the examination of physical muscle strength,
coordination, range of movement, sensorial, or intellectual abilities.
Technical Assessment
A classification panel should conduct a technical assessment of the athlete in accord with
methods of assessment stipulated in the classification rules of the IF.
The technical assessment may include, but is not limited to the evaluation in a noncompetitive environment of the specific tasks and activities that are part of the sport in
which the athlete participates. Classifiers may apply certain conditions to the athlete in
order to observe how the athlete performs the activity under simulated sport conditions (for
example specific wheelchair skills/swimming strokes).
Classifiers must be confident that the athlete has performed to the best of his/her capacity
during the technical assessment and may request greater effort to ensure optimal
observation opportunity.
Observation Assessment
The classification panel may observe the athlete performing the specific skills that are part
of the sport during training practices and/or in an event, or during first appearance (if
applicable to the sport) in accordance with the sports classification rules.
Video footage and/or photography may be utilized by the classification panel for all
classification purposes connected to the competition.
Ineligibility and Re-evaluation
IFs will have eligibility criteria clearly stated within their classification rules that defines
eligibility to compete.
In circumstances where the determination of eligibility involves evaluation by a classification
panel at a competition, and a sport class status of “Ineligible to Compete” is allocated, the
athlete will be required to be examined by a second classification panel in accordance with
the IPC Classification Code International Standard for Protests and Appeals. If there is only
one panel then the athlete will be reclassified at the next available opportunity If the
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second classification protest panel confirms that the athlete’s sports class is Ineligible, the
athlete will not be permitted to compete, and will have no further protest option.
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19. Sport Class and Sport Class Status
Every athlete wishing to compete in a competition must be allocated a sport class and a
sport class status in accordance with the classification rules of the IF of the respective sport
in which they want to compete.
Sport Class
Sport class is a category defined by each IF in which athletes are categorized by reference
to an activity limitation resulting from impairment.
Ineligibility for competition is a sports class. Each IF must stipulate eligibility criteria in their
classification rules.
Sport Class Status
The designation of a sport class status assists in identifying athletes who:

Have not previously been classified

Require a review of their sport class

Do not require athlete evaluation for a specific competition.
The following sport class status types are used by all IFs and PNZ:
NEW (N)

Sport class status N is assigned to an athlete that has not been previously
evaluated by a classification panel and has not had an entry sport class verified by
the IF or PNZ

Sports class status N athletes include athletes who have been allocated a national
sport class by PNZ for entry purposes into an international competition or those
athletes entering into a NZ competition who have a provisional classification only.

Sports class status N athletes must complete evaluation prior to competing at
international or national competitions if classification is available.
REVIEW (R)

Sport class status R is assigned to an athlete who has been previously evaluated
by an international or national classification panel, but for reasons as determined
by the IF or PNZ requires a review of their sport class.

The athlete’s current sport class is valid, but the athlete is subject to re-evaluation
and the sport class may be changed before or during competition

Sports class status R athletes must complete evaluation prior to competing at
international or PNZ competitions and may include, but are not limited to, those :
o
Requiring further observation during competition to confirm their sport class
o
Fluctuating impairments
o
Sports class is still subject to protest in accord with the first appearance
requirements.
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CONFIRMED (C)

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Sport class status C is assigned to an athlete if he/she has been previously
evaluated by an international or PNZ classification panel and the panel has
determined that the athlete’s sport class will not change, except in the case of a
protest lodged under exceptional circumstances.
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20. Notification of Sports Class and Status
The athlete is assigned an initial sport class and sport class status after the physical and/or
technical assessment has taken place.
Once the classification panel has made a decision on the athlete’s sport class, a member of
the classification panel will inform the athlete of the panel’s decision. This should occur as
soon as possible after the decision being taken. The athlete’s sports class status will also
need to be updated accordingly. If the classification panel requires observation assessment
to confirm the athlete’s sport class, the athlete will be informed.
If the most functional class is the sport class “Ineligibility to compete”, the athlete is
immediately assessed by a second classification panel if there is one available. If not the
athlete is reclassified at the next available opportunity. Written notification should be
provided to the athlete informing;

The athlete’s assigned sport class

The athlete’s updated sport class status
Notification to third parties
At the end of each session during the classification evaluation period, the chief classifier
must convey the outcomes of the assigned sports class and updated sports class to the
organising committee so that they can prepare start lists and make associated event
management arrangements.
The organising committee has the responsibility to inform all relevant parties of outcomes of
athlete evaluation after being advised by the chief classifier. This information is needed so
that a protest of newly assigned sports classes can be fielded, in accordance with the
requirement of the sport
Notification of Changes from Observation
If any changes to an athlete’s assigned sports class are determined by the classification
panel as a result of the observation assessment during the classification competition
period, then;

A member of the classification panel shall inform the athlete, and the organising
committee of the panel’s decision as soon as is logistically possible

Results may need to be adjusted by the organising committee in accordance with
the sports and/or classification rules of the sport

The organising committee will have to make adjustments to start lists and
schedule in accordance with the sports and/or classification rules

The organising committee must advise other teams and any other relevant parties
of any associated changes as soon as possible in accordance with the sports
and/or classification rules of the IF.
Written notification of any changes resulting from Observation Assessment during the
Classification Competition Period must be provided to the Athlete including;

The Athlete’s assigned Sport Class

The Athlete’s updated Sport Class Status
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21. Classification Protests
The term “Protest” refers to the procedure by which a formal objection to an athlete’s sport
class is made and subsequently resolved.
Each IF will have protest procedures in its classification rules. These will include clear
timelines for the submission and resolution of protests. Protests at National events should
be submitted in accordance with the specific rules of the IF.
Protest Submission in Competition

Protests at an IF event can only be submitted by a designated representative of a
NPC, NF or IF (Chief or Head Classifier).

Protests at a NF event, can only be submitted by a representative of a NF, National
Team or the Chief or Head Classifier.

An athlete’s sport class should generally only be protested once, with the exception
of protests submitted in Exceptional Circumstances (as explained below).

A protest in respect of a sport class allocated by an IF or NF may only be resolved
by that IF or NF respectively.

Protests should be resolved in a manner that minimizes the impact on competition
participation, and competition schedules and results.
A protest should not be resolved by the classification panel that was involved in the
allocation of the sport class that is being protested, except if an international protest is
submitted on a date 18 months or more after the most recent allocation of the sport class.
In that case, the classifiers involved with the original allocation may be part of the protest
panel. If a second classification panel is not available at a NF event then an athlete can
only be re classified at the next NF classification opportunity..
The sport class status that is allocated to an athlete indicates the protest opportunities that
are available in respect of that athlete’s sport class. The sport class status also indicates
which parties may submit such a protest. This will be defined by the IF classification rules.
New and review sports class status athletes can be protested at an IF event by an NPC, NF
or IF chief classifier and at a national event, by the NF, national team or chief classifier.
Confirmed status athletes can only be protested at an event by the chief classifier under
exceptional circumstances.
Exceptional circumstances may result from;





A change in the degree of impairment of an athlete
An athlete demonstrating significantly less or greater ability prior to or during
competition which does not reflect the athlete’s current sport class
An error made by a classification panel, which has led to the athlete being allocated
a sport class which is not in keeping with the Athlete’s ability
Sport class allocation criteria having changed since the athlete’s most recent
evaluation
Protest made in exceptional circumstances shall follow the same process
Protest Procedures
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International Federations shall detail in their classification rules how protests may be
submitted in conjunction with a competition. These rules will outline the following;




Who is able to submit a protest and the fees payable
The timelines for the submission and resolution of a protest
Documents and other evidence to be submitted with a protest
Notification of decision
New Zealand Paralympic sport events follow the process outlined by their respective IF
protest rules with which a fee of NZ $50.00 is payable.
Out of Competition Protests
These are clearly outlined in the IF classification rules and such protests submitted for New
Zealand Paralympic sports must be handled by the NF in accord to that outlined by the IF.
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22. Classification Appeals
The term “Appeal” as used in the IPC Classification International Standard refers to a
procedure by which a formal objection to the manner in which classification procedures
have been conducted is submitted and subsequently resolved.
Each International Federation will have appeal procedures in its classification rules. These
shall include clear timelines for the submission and resolution of appeals. Each
International Federation will identify an Appeal Body in its classification rules.
Paralympics New Zealand supports national Paralympic sports to submit appeals to the
PNZ or NF Appeal Board following due processes as outlined in the IF Classification rules.
The PNZ Classification Appeal Body may consist of, but not limited to, the following;

PNZ Representative

PNZ Medical Director

Head Classifier for the relevant sport
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23. Pre- Competition Classification Tasks
Pre-competition classification tasks are outlined in each IF classification rules and
regulations. Pre-competition classification tasks at a NF competition need to be in accord
with that outlined by the IF for that sport.
Such tasks could include, but not limited to;

Inclusion of the classification rules in the agreement with the organizing committee
for the event

Appointment of a chief classifier and classification panel

Identification of athletes for classification

Collection of supportive classification documentation

Preparation and dissemination of the evaluation period schedule

Organization of the classification logistics (venue,equipment, forms etc.)
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24. Classifier Training and Certification
Classifier Certification
Classifier Certification establishes that an individual has met the competencies and is
proficient to practice as a classifier in a sport.
IFs are solely responsible for the training and certification of international classifiers and will
give recommendations and guidelines to NFs for the training and certification of national
level classifier training and certification.
IFs may use any accepted training and certification techniques. This can include
theoretical and practical education through online education and training courses,
classroom training, practical training, mentorship and assessment of required
competencies.
Each IF shall detail the levels of certification for classifiers. The minimum number of levels
shall include;

National Classifier: A classifier who has attended and successfully passed the IF
National Classifiers Training Course or achieved the outcomes for national level
accreditation as recommended by the IF.

International Trainee: A national level classifier who is in the process of formal
training by the IF, but who is not yet certified as an international classifier and may
not be an appointed member of a Classification Panel at an international
competition. This individual is unable to allocate an International sport class.

International Level 1: An individual who has successfully completed the formal
training of the IF and has been certified to be a member of a Classification Panel at
an international competition. This individual may participate in the assignment of
sport class with minimum supervision of more experienced classifiers.

International Level 2: An individual, who has successfully completed the formal
training of the IF and has demonstrated the appropriate level of experience as a
classifier in the relevant sport, as determined by the IF. This individual may
participate in the assignment of international sport class with no supervision from
more experienced classifiers.

Assessing Competencies: Methods of obtaining certification include; theoretical
education, practical education and training and mentorship.
Each IF shall detail the prerequisites for a classifier and the education, training and
certification for each classifier level in their classification rules including, but not limited to;

Prerequisites required becoming a classifier in a specific sport.

Certification criteria for each level of certification and minimal criteria for
advancement.

Essential components of classifier training curriculum, including sport history and
rules, classification theory, practical training, advanced training in administration
and management, professional conduct, and cultural differences and diversity.
Each IF shall determine the specific procedures used for the assessment of required
competencies for certification of each classifier level in their classification rules. These
procedures include, but are not limited to:
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
Methods of assessment used in measuring proficiency in the specific
competencies assessed at each level (for example online courses, written and/or
oral theory and practical examinations, practical training and workshops).

How each competency is evaluated using objective and measurable methods (for
example completion of online courses, passing theory or practical examinations,
completion of required hours of practical training and/or workshops).

Methods of approval of certification levels, pathway for advancement, maintenance
of certification, and recertification.
Each IF shall describe the specific competencies and proficiencies required for
maintenance of the certification of Classifiers.
Certification Pathway
Complete PNZ Classifier Application Form
Attend IF recognized national classification workshop
Maintain required contact hours with the sport
Attend PNZ recognized event as part of a Classification Panel
Attend PNZ recognized international classification workshop
Attend PNZ recognized international event as part of a classification panel
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25. Classification Forms (Currently under review)
Refer to the PNZ website www.paralympics.org.nz
26. Layman’s Guide to Paralympic Sport Classifications
Refer to the Classification Page on the PNZ website www.paralympics.org.nz
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27. Appendix 1
Sport International Federations
Alpine Skiing
Archery
Athletics
Boccia
Cycling
Equestrian
Football 5-a-Side
Football 7-a-Side
Goalball
Ice Sledge Hockey
Judo
Nordic Skiing
Para Canoe
Powerlifting
Rowing
Sailing
Shooting
Swimming
Table Tennis
Triathlon
Volleyball (Sitting)
Wheelchair Basketball
Wheelchair Curling
Wheelchair Dance
Wheelchair Fencing
Wheelchair Rugby
Wheelchair Tennis
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International Paralympic Committee (IPC)
Fédération International de Tir à l’Arc (FITA)
International Paralympic Committee (IPC)
Cerebral Palsy International Sport and Recreation Association
(CPISRA)
Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI)
International Equestrian Federation (FEI)
International Blind Sport Association (IBSA)
Cerebral Palsy International Sport and Recreation Association
(CPISRA)
International Blind Sport Association (IBSA)
International Paralympic Committee (IPC)
International Blind Sport Association (IBSA)
International Paralympic Committee (IPC)
International Canoe Federation (ICF)
International Paralympic Committee (IPC)
International Rowing Federation (FISA)
International Foundation for Disabled Sailing (IFDS)
International Paralympic Committee (IPC)
International Paralympic Committee (IPC)
International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF)
International Triathlon Union (ITU)
World Organization for Volleyball for Disabled (WOVD)
International Wheelchair Basketball Federation (IWBF)
World Curling Federation (WCF)
Sport International Paralympic Committee (IPC)
International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (
International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation
International Tennis Federation (ITF)
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28. APPENDIX 2:
Glossary
Ability
A quality or state of being able to perform.
Activity Limitation
Difficulties an individual may have in executing activities.
Appeal
The process to resolve procedural disputes concerning
classification.
Athlete
For purposes of classification, any person who participates
in sport at the International Level (as defined by each IF) or
national level (as defined by each National Federation) and
any additional person who participates in sport at a lower
level if designated by the person's National Federation.
Athlete Evaluation
The process by which an athlete is assessed in accordance
with the classification rules of the IF.
Athlete Support Personnel
Any coach, trainer, manager, interpreter, agent, team staff,
official, medical or para-medical personnel working with or
treating athletes participating in or preparing for training
and/or competition.
Chief Classifier
The internationally certified classifier responsible for all
direction, administration, co-ordination and implementation
of classification matters for a specified competition.
Classification
A structure for competition to ensure that an athlete’s
impairment is relevant to sport performance, and to ensure
that the athlete competes equitably with other athletes.
Classification Master List
The list, made available by the IF, or NF that identifies the
athletes that participated in international or national
classification.
Panel
A group of classifiers, appointed by the IF or NF, to
determine sport class and sport class status in accordance
with the classification rules.
Classification Rules
The policies, procedures, protocols and descriptions that are
in connection with athlete evaluation and the grouping of
athletes for competition.
Classifier
A person authorized as an Official by an IF or NF to
evaluate athletes as a member of a classification panel.
Code
The Classification Code.
Code of Conduct
A set of rules to outline the responsibilities, to guide
behavior and decisions and to identify best practice for an
individual Classifier.
Competency
A skill, knowledge, ability or behavioral characteristic that is
associated with excellent performance.
Competition
A series of individual Events conducted together under one
ruling body.
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Conflict of Interest
A conflict of interest will arise where a pre-existing personal
or professional relationship gives rise to the possibility of
that relationship affecting the classifier’s ability to make an
objective decision or assessment.
Consistent
Free from variation or inconsistency.
Diversity
The knowledge, skills, and attributes/beliefs that enable
people to work well with, respond effectively to, and are
supportive of people in cross-cultural settings.
Diagnosis
A process of identifying a medical condition or disease by its
signs, symptoms, and from the results of various diagnostic
procedures.
Eligibility
The type and minimum severity of impairment set as the
minimal condition to enter competition in a specific Sport.
Evidence-based
Practices or procedures on the basis of accepted (scientific)
methods that have been shown valid, effective and reliable.
Head of Classification
A Classifier responsible for all direction, administration, coordination and implementation of Classification matters for
the IF.
Impairment
Problems in body function or structure such as a significant
deviation or loss.
In Competition
The Athlete has the status of being selected for a specific
Competition.
Ineligibility
Consequence of not meeting the eligibility criteria.
International Competition
A competition where an international sports organization
(IPC, IF, Major Competition Organization, or another
international sport organization) is the governing body for
the Competition or appoints the technical officials for the
Competition.
International Federation (IF) A sport federation recognized by the IPC as the sole worldwide representative of a sport for Paralympic Athletes that
has been granted the status as a Paralympic Sport by the
IPC.
IPC
International Paralympic Committee.
IPC Classification Committee
The IPC Standing Committee that is responsible for
recommending policies, guidelines and procedures with
respect to Classification within the Paralympic Movement.
IPC Code of Ethics
The ethical standard that will be applied consistently within
the Paralympic Movement, and will be applicable to all IPC
Sanctioned Events, Competitions and activities.
Measurable
Comparable to a standard.
Models of Best Practice
Examples of excellence related to Classification.
National Competition
A competition where the National Federation or National
Paralympic Committee is the governing body for the
competition or appoints the technical officials for the
Competition.
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National Federation (NF)
The organization recognized by an IF as the sole national
governing body for its sport.
National Paralympic Committee (NPC) A national organization recognized by the IPC as
the sole representative of Athletes with a disability in that
country or territory to the IPC. In addition, the recognized
National Federation of the sports for which the IPC is the IF.
Objective
Supported by (scientific) evidence or relevant facts and
viewpoints.
Out of Competition
Not In-competition.
Paralympic Games
Umbrella term for both Paralympic Games and Paralympic
Winter Games.
Permanent
A health condition or impairment that is unlikely to be
resolved and, meaning the principal effects are life-long.
Proficient
Skilful in the practice of fundamentals deriving from
knowledge, practice and experience.
Protest
The procedure by which a formal objection to an Athlete’s
sport class and/or sport class status is submitted and
subsequently resolved.
Protest Panel
A Panel consisting of at minimum an equal number of
Classifiers as the Classification Panel, with equal or greater
level of classification, expertise to assess an Athlete
evaluation after a Protest has been submitted.
Public Disclosure
Dissemination or distribution of information to the general
public or to persons beyond those persons entitled to earlier
notification.
Signatories
The governing bodies of IPC, the International Federations
and the NPCs that accept the Classification Code.
Sport Class
A category defined by each IF in which Athletes are
categorized by reference to an Activity Limitation resulting
from impairment.
Sport Class Status
A category allocated to each Athlete to indicate evaluation
requirements and Protest opportunities.
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