Supplementary File 1: Additional statistical details referring to preferred models. Table S1a Term Intercept Wing Substrate (leaf) Substrate (limestone) Substrate (slate) Estimate 4.0153 -0.0773 0.4322 0.6195 1.6527 St. error 0.1467 0.0336 0.0949 0.0949 0.0949 d.f. 108 108 108 108 108 t-value 27.3793 -2.3022 4.5523 6.5258 17.4087 p-value 0.0000 0.0232 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Table S1b Term Intercept Wing Substrate (leaf) Substrate (limestone) Substrate (slate) Wing* Substrate (leaf) Wing* Substrate (limestone) Wing* Substrate (slate) Estimate -5.4024 -1.4104 -10.8977 14.1890 -30.9086 0.3713 -4.5058 -0.1295 St. error 3.0727 1.2893 4.0771 4.0771 4.0771 1.8233 1.8233 1.8233 d.f. 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 t-value -1.7582 -1.0939 -2.6729 3.4802 -7.5811 0.2037 -2.4712 -0.0710 p-value 0.0816 0.2765 0.0087 0.0007 0.0000 0.8390 0.0151 0.9435 Table S1c Term Intercept Wing Substrate (leaf) Substrate (limestone) Substrate (slate) Estimate 4.0153 -0.0773 0.4322 0.6195 1.6527 St. error 0.1467 0.0336 0.0949 0.0949 0.0949 d.f. 108 108 108 108 108 t-value 27.3793 -2.3022 4.5523 6.5258 17.4087 p-value 0.0000 0.0232 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Table S1d Term Intercept Angle Substrate (leaf) Substrate (limestone) Substrate (slate) Angle*Substrate (leaf) Angle*Substrate (limestone) Angle*Substrate (slate) Estimate -1.3050 0.0183 -0.4682 -0.2090 -0.1399 -0.0071 -0.0043 -0.0252 St. error 0.0709 0.0018 0.1002 0.1002 0.1002 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025 d.f. 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 t-value -18.412 10.472 -4.671 -2.085 -1.395 -2.853 -1.753 -10.176 p-value <2x10-16 <2x10-16 3.8x10-06 0.0376 0.1635 0.0045 0.0801 <2x10-16 Table S1e Term Intercept Angle Substrate (leaf) Substrate (limestone) Substrate (slate) Angle*Substrate (leaf) Angle*Substrate (limestone) Angle*Substrate (slate) Estimate -1.2103 0.0162 -0.4637 -0.2281 -0.4418 -0.0020 -0.0031 -0.0085 St. error 0.0190 0.0005 0.0268 0.0268 0.0268 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 d.f. 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 t-value -63.850 34.518 -17.299 -8.510 -16.479 -3.009 -4.676 -12.839 p-value <2x10-16 <2x10-16 <2x10-16 <2x10-16 <2x10-16 0.0027 3.7x10-6 <2x10-16 1 Table S1f Term Intercept Angle Substrate (leaf) Substrate (limestone) Substrate (slate) Angle*Substrate (leaf) Angle*Substrate (limestone) Angle*Substrate (slate) Estimate -8.7239 -0.0095 0.2981 -0.2233 -0.2057 -0.0177 -0.0065 0.0008 St. error 0.0545 0.0013 0.0771 0.0771 0.0771 0.0019 0.0019 0.0019 d.f. 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 t-value -160.080 -7.085 3.868 -2.898 -2.669 -9.323 -3.431 0.404 p-value <2x10-16 4.2x10-12 0.0001 0.0039 0.0078 <2x10-16 0.0006 0.6867 Table S1g Term Intercept Angle Substrate (leaf) Substrate (limestone) Substrate (slate) Angle*Substrate (leaf) Angle*Substrate (limestone) Angle*Substrate (slate) Estimate -8.719 -0.0101 0.4194 -0.2673 -0.2550 -0.0224 -0.0092 0.0012 St. error 0.0593 0.0015 0.0839 0.0839 0.0839 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021 d.f. 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 t-value -146.973 -6.892 4.999 -3.186 -3.040 -10.827 -4.436 0.597 p-value <2x10-16 1.5x10-11 7.8x10-07 0.0015 0.0025 <2x10-16 1.1x10-5 0.5509 2