COUDENBERG
PRESSRELEASE
2015
COUDENBERG – FORMER PALACE OF BRUSSELS
To discover the old town of Brussels, it’s no so difficult: a few feet below the “Place Royale” would
be sufficient enough to go back in the past centuries and explore the pomp and splendour of the
Burgundian court or the one of Charles V. Let’s follow the guide!
The structures and rooms underneath the “Place Royale”, give a glimpse of what used to be the
main buildings of the former palace of Brussel, one of the most prestigious courts of Europe from
the 15th century to the 18th century onwards, when the palace was destroyed by fire.
HISTORY
Perched on the Coudenberg and dominating
the town, the Palace of Brussels was without a
shadow of a doubt one of the most beautiful
princely residences in the whole of Europe. It
traces its roots back to the 12th century. In
the 13th century, the Dukes of Brabant
decided to give the city a central political role.
In the following century, this defensive castle
soon became a mecca for diplomats and a
prime site for entertaining.
When the Duchy of Brabant fell into the hands
of the Dukes of Burgundy and more specifically Philip the Good, the city of Brussels endeavoured to
attract these rich princes – the most profligate spenders of the age – to stay within its walls. To this
end, the city constructed a prestigious state banqueting hall – the Aula Magna – between 1452 and
1460.
The successor of the Dukes of Burgundy – Charles V, the most powerful Western emperor –
personally oversaw the development of the palace during the first half of the 16th century. An
imposing chapel in the Gothic style was built during his reign.
The palace’s other wings did not lag behind: the main building was also enlarged and elevated, new
windows were added, and a vast gallery decorated with statues was erected. This ample complex
was transformed over the centuries in the Brabantian, Burgundian, Spanish and Austrian style as
each sovereign was intent on making his own mark. Highly refined works of art graced the
apartments including the most delicate tapestries and embroideries, sumptuous silver and gold
objects, luxurious illuminated and printed books, sculpted statues and busts and the finest glass and
china work, without forgetting countless paintings by renowned artists such as Titian, Rubens and
Brueghel.
On the 3rd of February 1731, after a tiring day, the Governess of the Netherlands, Marie-Elisabeth of
Austria, retires to her apartments in the palace of Brussels. Overcome with fatigue, the sister of the
Emperor Charles VI fails to extinguish the candles. The fire quickly passes through wooden panelling
into adjacent rooms.
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COUDENBERG
Throughout the night, the palace guards struggle to extinguish the blaze with the only means at their
disposal at the time: leather buckets and water spray pumps. The town militia who gather quickly to
help are pushed back in the confusion. The strict respect of
protocol, formally forbidding access to the governor’s private
apartments, prevents the fire fighters from attacking the source of
the blaze. The governess is saved by the intervention of a grenadier
who dares to break down the doors of her apartments. In addition,
the wind is strong and icy conditions hamper water supplies.
After the drama of 1731 that left half of the palace destroyed, the
Court moved to the neighbouring Nassau House, which served as
the future palace to Charles of Lorraine. The ruins of the palace were left almost completely
abandoned for forty years and were nicknamed the “Burnt Court”.
In the 1770s, political will and financial
conditions met around a large-scale
architectural project to redevelop the entire
court district. The ruins of the old palace as
well as numerous surrounding buildings were
raised to the ground in order to make way for
the creation of a new square: Place Royale.
The square was to be bordered with neo-classical buildings, that can still seen today.
As for the park and the numerous gardens of the palace, they have been replaced by a neo-classical
park and the Coudenberg's former slopes have disappeared from the urban landscape. Certain
elements of the old buildings were nevertheless
preserved to function as cellars and foundations for
the new constructions. It is these remains that we can
visit today at the Coudenberg archaeological site.
When work first started on the foundations of the
palace chapel and the first part of Rue Isabelle in
1986, few could have imagined what secrets would
be revealed!
The first archaeological excavation of the former
Hoogstraeten House started in the same year. Almost ten years later, in 1994, surveys were
undertaken by the City of Brussels in order to find the remains of the Aula Magna underneath Place
Royale. The excavations lasted from 1995 to 2000.
1998 saw the revelation of the palace’s main building underneath Rue Royale. The ruins were
covered with a concrete slab and were connected to the Bellevue Hotel for “Brussels 2000”. The
former Hoogstraeten House was restored between 2004 and 2008 as part of the renovation work
undertaken by the Brussels-Capital Region.
The remains of the palace and the former Hoogstraeten House have successively been listed as
monuments in the years from 1984 to 2004.
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COUDENBERG
THE ARCHEOLOGICAL SITE
The remains of the former palace of Brussels,
Hoogstraeten House, and a street all constitute the
archaeological site of Coudenberg. They extend
under Place Royale, Rue Royale and some of the
buildings around the square.
Located underneath Rue Royale, the cellars of the
main building are the oldest part of the site. They
were situated under the main building, where the
Prince’s apartments and audience rooms were
located, and were probably used for storage
purposes.
Within the building that housed the chapel for the palace, only one level of basement survives under
the BIP (Brussels Info Place). These rooms had no liturgical function and were used as cellars and
kitchens.
The chapel was built during the first half of the 16th century, during the reign of Charles V, as
replacement of an older medieval chapel.
Within the big building that housed the Aula Magna, the
palace’s banqueting hall, only cellars survive, which are
located directly underneath Place Royale. Kitchens and
storage occupied this lower level. The Aula Magna was
built between 1452 and 1460. It was commissioned by the
City of Brussels, under the instructions of the Duke of
Brabant, Philip the Good, who also was Duke of Burgundy.
The prestigious banqueting hall, the Aula Magna, was the
scene of the major events of the Brussels Court : the
abdication of Charles V (1555), princely wedding feasts, as
well as official receptions and balls.
Today’s Rue Isabelle is underground, but it used to be open to the sky. Of
medieval origins, the street ran along the Palace from Place des Bailles
(public square in front of the Palace) to the Saint-Michael-and-Gudula
Church, and followed the strong slope of the Coperbeek valley.
The Coudenberg palace was bordered with imposing private mansions
owned by the nobility and court advisers, in particular the Hoogstraeten
House, which was the Brussels residence for the Lalaing family. Around
1516-1517, Antoine de Lalaing, 1st count of Hoogstraeten, commissioned
a gothic style gallery.
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COUDENBERG
THE MUSEUM
The Coudenberg Museum is located within the
remains of the former Hoogstraeten house. All of the
archaeological objects on display were discovered
during the excavations done on the Coudenberg site
throughout the last 25 years.
PRESS INFORMATION:
Frédérique Honoré, Director of Coudenberg
Vincent Heymans, President of the scientific committee.
are at your disposal for an interview.
To request illustrations or an interview, please contact:
Arend Pelgrims
Press / Communication – Coudenberg
02 563 61 75
A.pelgrims@coudenberg.be
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