A&P Exam 1 Russo
Fall 2011
Match the following systems to their functions:
A) Skeletal
B) Nervous
C) Integumentary
D) Muscular
1) Directly causes mechanical motion.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3c
2) Responds to environmental changes by transmitting electrical impulses.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3d
3) Provides support and levers for muscles to work on.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3b
4) Protects underlying organs from mechanical damage and synthesizes vitamin D.
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3a
Answers: 1) D 2) B 3) A 4) C
Match the following systems to their functions:
A) Endocrine
B) Cardiovascular
C) Lymphatic
D) Immune
5) Controls the body with chemical molecules called hormones.
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3e
6) Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3f
7) Produces antibodies that neutralize foreign substances.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 7; Fig. 1.3g
8) Removes and filters excess fluid from tissues.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 7; Fig. 1.3g
Answers: 5) A 6) B 7) D 8) C
Match the following examples of feedback mechanisms:
A) Positive feedback
B) Negative feedback
9) Blood glucose levels
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 9-10
10) Delivering a baby
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 10-12
Answers: 9) B 10) A
Match the following systems and organs:
A) Cardiovascular
B) Endocrine
C) Respiratory
D) Urinary
E) Digestive
11) Arteries, veins, heart.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3f
12) Trachea, bronchi, alveoli.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 7; Fig. 1.3h
13) Adrenal glands, pancreas, pituitary.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3e
14) Esophagus, large intestine, rectum.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 7; Fig. 1.3i
15) Kidneys, bladder, ureters.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 7; Fig. 1.3j
Answers: 11) A 12) C 13) B 14) E 15) D
True/False Questions
16) Positive feedback mechanisms tend to increase the original stimulus.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 10-11
17) Lungs carry out an excretory function.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 7
18) Embryology concerns the structural changes that occur in an individual from
conception through old age.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 2
19) A tissue consists of groups of similar cells that have a common function.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 3
20) It is important for any organism to maintain its boundaries, so that its internal
environment remains distinct from the external environment surrounding it.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 5
21) Histology would be best defined as a study of ________.
A) cells
B) tissues
C) cell chemistry
D) the gross structures of the body
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 2
22) The study of the heart may incorporate many aspects of anatomy but as a whole you
would say it is __________ anatomy.
A) microscopic
B) gross
C) developmental
D) systemic
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 2
23) An increased rate of breathing as a result of an increased buildup of carbon dioxide in
the bloodstream would be best described as an example of ________.
A) maintaining boundaries
B) excretion of metabolic waste
C) responsiveness
D) metabolism
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 6
24) Average body temperature is ________ degrees centigrade.
A) 98
B) 68
C) 47
D) 37
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 8
25) If you consider your home air conditioner in terms of homeostasis, then the wall
thermostat would be the ________.
A) control center
B) receptor
C) effector
D) variable
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 9-10
Match the following chemical bonds to the correct description:
A) Ionic bond
B) Polar covalent bond
C) Hydrogen bond
D) Nonpolar covalent bond
26) A bond in which electrons are shared unequally.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 34; Fig. 2.9
27) A bond in which electrons are completely lost or gained by the atoms involved.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 32, 34; Fig. 2.9
28) A bond in which electrons are shared equally.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 34; Fig. 2.9
29) A type of bond important in tying different parts of the same molecule together into a
three-dimensional structure.
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 35
Answers: 26) B 27) A 28) D 29) C
Match the following particles to the correct description:
A) Neutron
B) Cation
C) Molecule
D) Atom
30) Electrically charged particle due to loss of an electron.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 32
31) Neutral subatomic particle.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 25
32) Smallest particle of an element that retains its properties.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 25
33) Smallest particle of a compound that still retains its properties.
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 28
Answers: 30) B 31) A 32) D 33) C
True/False Questions
34) The atomic weight is only an average of relative weights of an atom and its isotopes,
and it may vary from the weight of a specific isotope.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 27-28
35) Emulsions and colloids are the same thing.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 30
36) Chemical properties are determined primarily by neutrons.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 27
37) A charged particle is generally called an ion.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 32
38) Isotopes differ from each other only in the number of electrons contained.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 28
39) About 60% to 80% of the volume of most living cells consists of organic compounds.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 38
40) Lipids are a poor source of stored energy.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 45; Tbl. 2.2
41) Glucose is an example of a monosaccharide.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 43
42) A dipeptide can be broken into two amino acids by dehydration synthesis.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 48; Fig. 2.18
Multiple-Choice Questions
43) Choose the statement that is false or incorrect.
A) In chemical reactions, breaking old bonds requires energy and forming new bonds
releases energy.
B) Exergonic reactions release more energy than they absorb.
C) Endergonic reactions absorb more energy than they release.
D) A key feature of the body’s metabolism is the almost exclusive use of exergonic
reactions by the body.
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 37
44) The genetic information is coded in DNA by the ________.
A) regular alteration of sugar and phosphate molecules
B) sequence of the nucleotides
C) three-dimensional structure of the double helix
D) arrangement of the histones
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 55
45) Which of the following is not true of proteins?
A) They may be denatured or coagulated by heat or acidity.
B) Some types are called enzymes.
C) They appear to be the molecular carriers of the coded hereditary information.
D) Their function depends on the three-dimensional shape.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 47-53
46) Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and muscles in the form of ________.
A) glucose
B) triglycerides
C) glycogen
D) cholesterol
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 43
47) Which of the following is not a role of molecular chaperonins?
A) prevent accidental, premature, or incorrect folding of polypeptide chains
B) aid the desired folding and association process of polypeptides
C) help to translocate proteins and certain metal ions across cell membranes
D) promote the breakdown of damaged or denatured proteins
E) act as a biological catalyst
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 50-51
48) A solution that has a pH of 2 could best be described as being ________.
A) acidic
B) basic
C) neutral
D) slightly acidic
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 40
49) Which of the following would be regarded as an organic molecule?
A) H2O
B) NaCl
C) NaOH
D) CH4
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 42
50) What level of protein synthesis is represented by the coiling of the protein chain
backbone into an alpha helix?
A) primary structure
B) secondary structure
C) tertiary structure
D) quaternary structure
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 48-49; Fig. 2.19
Fill-in-the-Blank/Short Answer Questions
51) The atomic number is equal to the number of ________.
Answer: protons (and electrons)
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 27
52) In a DNA molecule, guanine would connect to ________.
Answer: cytosine
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 54
53) The ________ molecule directly provides energy for cellular work.
Answer: ATP
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 55
Figure 3.2
Using Figure 3.2, match the following:
54) Nonpolar region of phospholipid.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 65; Fig. 3.3
55) Glycocalyx.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 65; Fig. 3.3
56) Polar region of phospholipid.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 65; Fig. 3.3
57) Peripheral protein.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 65; Fig. 3.3
58) Integral protein.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 65; Fig. 3.3
Match the following:
A) Synthetase enzymes
B) Messenger RNA
C) ATP
D) Ribosomal RNA
E) Transfer RNA
59) Forms part of the protein synthesis site in the cytoplasm.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 101, 103
60) Act as "interpreter" molecules that recognize specific amino acids and nucleotide
base sequences.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 103-105
61) Attaches the correct amino acid to its transfer RNA.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 104
62) Provides the energy needed for synthesis reactions.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 103
63) Found in the cytoplasm, this structure specifies the exact sequence of amino acids of
the protein to be made.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 101
64) May be attached to the ER or scattered in the cytoplasm.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 103
Answers: 59) D 60) E 61) A 62) C 63) B 64) D
Match the following:
A) Tight junctions
B) Desmosomes
C) Gap junctions
65) Help prevent molecules from passing through the extracellular space between
adjacent cells.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 66
66) Type of anchoring junction.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 66-67
67) Communicating junction.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 67
Answers: 65) A 66) B 67) C
True/False Questions
68) In osmosis, movement of water occurs toward the solution with the lower solute
concentration.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 70-71
69) Diffusion is always from areas of greater to areas of lesser concentration.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 68-69
70) In their resting state, all body cells exhibit a resting membrane potential ranging from
-50 to about +50 millivolts.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 77-79
71) Microfilaments are thin strands of the contractile protein myosin.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 88
Multiple-Choice Questions
72) Which of the following is true regarding the generation of a membrane potential?
A) Both potassium and sodium ions can "leak" through the cell membrane due to
diffusion.
B) In the polarized state, sodium and potassium ion concentrations are in static
equilibrium.
C) The maintenance of the potential is based exclusively on diffusion processes.
D) When the sodium-potassium pump is activated, potassium is pumped into the cell
twice as fast as the sodium is pumped out, thus causing the membrane potential.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 77-79
73) A red blood cell placed in pure water would ________.
A) shrink
B) swell initially, then shrink as equilibrium is reached
C) neither shrink nor swell
D) swell and burst
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 71-72; Fig. 3.9
74) Which of these is not a function of the plasma membrane?
A) It is selectively permeable.
B) It prevents potassium ions from leaking out and sodium ions from crossing into the
cell.
C) It acts as a site of cell-to-cell interaction and recognition.
D) It encloses the cell contents.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 68
75) Riboswitches are folded RNAs that act as switches to turn protein synthesis on or off
in response to _________.
A) changes in the environment
B) specific tRNAs
C) specific codes from the DNA
D) the presence or absence of ubiquitins
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 105-106
76) Which of the following statements is correct regarding RNA?
A) Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA play a role in protein synthesis.
B) If the base sequence of DNA is ATTGCA, the messenger RNA template will be
UCCAGU.
C) There is exactly one specific type of mRNA for each amino acid.
D) rRNA is always attached to the rough ER.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 101
77) DNA replication ________.
A) can also be called mitosis
B) is spontaneous, not requiring enzyme action
C) takes place during interphase of the cell cycle
D) occurs only in translationally active areas
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 95
78) A gene can best be defined as ________.
A) a three-base triplet that specifies a particular amino acid
B) noncoding segments of DNA up to 100,000 nucleotides long
C) a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for one polypeptide chain
D) an RNA messenger that codes for a particular polypeptide
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 100-101
Fill-in-the-Blank/Short Answer Questions
79) The RNA that has an anticodon and attaches to a specific amino acid is ________
RNA.
Answer: transfer
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 103
80) The process of discharging particles from inside a cell to the outside is called
________.
Answer: exocytosis
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 75
Extra Credit:
1) Which transport process is the main mechanism for the movement of most
macromolecules by body cells?
A) phagocytosis
B) pinocytosis
C) receptor-mediated endocytosis
D) secondary active transport
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 76-77
2) Which statement is the most correct regarding transcription/translation?
A) The nucleotide sequence in a mRNA codon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that
coded for it.
B) The nucleotide sequence in a mRNA codon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that
coded for it except that uracil is substituted for thymine.
C) The nucleotide sequence in a tRNA anticodon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that
coded for it.
D) The nucleotide sequence in a tRNA anticodon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that
coded for it except that uracil is substituted for thymine.
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 101-105
3) Crenation is likely to occur in blood cells in ________.
A) an isotonic solution
B) a hypotonic solution
C) a hypertonic solution
D) blood plasma
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 72
4) In liquid XYZ, you notice that light is scattered as it passes through. There is no
precipitant in the bottom of the beaker, though it has been sitting for several days. What
type of liquid is this?
A) solution
B) suspension
C) colloid
D) mixture
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 30
5) One of the functional characteristics of life is irritability. This refers to ________.
A) indigestible food residues stimulating the excretory system
B) sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them
C) the nervous system causing all living things to sometimes experience anger
D) the necessity for all organisms to reproduce
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 5