Unit 2
Additive Inverse
The opposite of a number.
Exponent
The number that indicates
how many times the base is
used as a factor.
A number is written in
exponential notation when it
is written with a base and
an exponent.
In a right triangle, the side
opposite the right angle.
Exponential
Notation
Hypotenuse
Irrational
Legs
Pythagorean
Theorem
A number that cannot be
expressed as a ratio of two
integers, or as a repeating
or terminating decimal.
In a right triangle, the sides
that include the right angle.
In a right triangle, the
square of the length of the
hypotenuse is equal to the
sum of the squares of the
lengths of the legs.
c
a
b
a 2 + b 2 = c2
Radical
The symbol for square root.
Rational
Any number that can be
expressed as a ratio of two
integers.
Scientific
Notation
A method of writing very
large or very small numbers
by using powers of 10.
0.000436 = 4.36 X 10-4
Significant Digits The digits used to express
the precision of a
measurement.
Square Root
One of the two equal
factors of a number.
Unit 3
Absolute Value
Addition Property
of Equality
Additive Inverse
Algebraic
Expression
Equation
Evaluate an
Algebraic
Expression
The distance of a number
from zero on the number
line, shown by 
The property that states
that if you add the same
number to both sides of an
equation, the new equation
will have the same
solution.
The opposite of a number.
5+3=8
+6
+6
5+3+6=8+6
14 = 14
An expression that
contains at least one
variable. Does NOT have
an “equal” sign!
A mathematical sentence
that shows two
expressions are
equivalent.
To find the value of a
numerical or algebraic
expression.
Inequality
A mathematical sentence
that shows the relationship
between quantities that are
not equivalent.
Inverse Operation Operations that undo each
other: addition &
subtraction, or
multiplication & division
Like Terms
Linear Equation
Two or more terms that
have the same variable
raised to the same power.
An equation whose
(BUT 5b and 5b2 are NOT like terms)
in One Variable
Solution of an
Equation
solution forms a straight
3x + 4 = 5x - 12
line and has only one
variable, or letter. This type
of equation has ONE
answer.
The property that states
that if you multiply both
sides of an equation by the
same number, the new
equation will have the
same solution.
A number times its
multiplicative inverse is
equal to 1; also called
reciprocal
A value or values that
make an equation true.
Solution of an
Inequality
A value or values that
make an inequality true.
Solve
To find an answer or a
solution.
Variable
A symbol used to
represent a quantity that
can change, usually a
letter in algebra.
Multiplication
Property of
Equality
Multiplicative
Inverses
x can be 7.1, 8, 9, 10 . . .
Unit 4
Complement of a
Set
Element
Explicit Series
The set of all outcomes
that are NOT the desired
event.
A word, number, or object
in a set.
A function in which the
If set A = {a, e, i, o, u} then the
complement of set A is all the
consonants.
2 is an element of this set,
4 is an element of this set, etc.
For example, series 5, 8, 11, 14 . . . can
Function
dependent variable can be be written as y = 3x + 2
written explicitly in terms
of the independent
variable.
An input-output
relationship that has
exactly one output for
each input.
Intersection of
Sets
The set of elements
common to two or more
sets. The intersection of
these two sets is 9, 3, and
6.
Null Set
A set with no elements, or
an empty set.
A subset which is not the
same as the original set
itself.
A series of numbers that
can be computed to find a
formula or function for the
series.
A set of ordered pairs,
may or may not be a
function.
Proper Subset
Recursive Series
Relation
Set
Subset
The relation shown here is
not a function because the
input of “1” gives two
outputs, “8” and “2”.
A group of items.
A set contained within
another set.
A is a subset of B (A is
inside of B)
Union of Sets
The set of all elements
that belong to two or more
sets.
The empty set can be written
or {}.
For example, {a, b} is a proper subset of
{a, b, c}, but {a, b, c} is not a proper
subset of {a, b, c}.
For example, series 5, 8, 11, 14 . . . can
be written as y = 3x + 2
Venn Diagram
A diagram that is used to
show relationships among
sets.
Unit 5
Arithmetic
Sequence
Constant
Function
An ordered list of numbers
in which the difference
between consecutive
terms is always the same.
A function in the form f(x)
= a number, such as f(x) =
-5 or y = 2
Function
An input-output
relationship that has
exactly one output for
each input.
Line of Best Fit
The line that comes
closest to all the points on
a scatter plot.
Scatter Plot
A graph with points plotted
to show a possible
relationship between two
sets of data.
Slope
A measure of the
steepness of a line on a
graph; the rise divided by
the run.
Slope-Intercept
Form
Correlation
A linear equation written in
the form y = mx + b,
6 is the slope
where m represents the
-3 is the y-intercept
slope and b represents
the y intercept.
The amount of positive or
negative relationship
existing between two
measures.
Unit 6
Adjacent Angles
Alternate Exterior
Angles
Alternate Interior
Angles
Coincidental
Angles in the same plane
that have a common
vertex and a common
side.
A pair of angles formed by
a transversal and two
parallel lines: c & b as well
as a & d are alternate
interior angles because
they are outside of the two
parallel lines.
A pair of angles formed by
a transversal and two
parallel lines: r & v as well
as s & t are alternate
interior angles because
they are between the two
parallel lines.
Identical, one
superimposed on the
other. Two or more
geometric figures that
share all points.
Two coincidental lines would look like
one line since one is on top of the other.
This picture could be two lines
Complementary
Angles
Two angles whose
measure add to 90
degrees
Congruent
Having the same size and
shape.
Corresponding
Angles
A pair of angles formed by
a transversal and two
lines; in the diagram,
corresponding angle pairs
are m & q, n & r, o & s,
and p & t
A polygon with all angles
congruent.
Equiangular
Equilateral
A polygon with all sides
congruent.
Intersecting Lines
Lines that cross at exactly
one point.
Linear Pair (of
angles)
A pair of adjacent angles
formed by intersecting
lines. Angles 1 & 2 are a
pair, angles 1 & 3 are a
pair, 3 & 4, and 4 & 2 are
pairs.
Lines in a plane that do
not intersect.
Parallel Lines
Perpendicular
Lines
Lines that intersect to form
right angles.
Reflection Line
(or Line of
Reflection)
A line that a figure is
flipped across to create a
mirror image of the
original figure.
Regular Polygon
A polygon with congruent
sides and angles
Same-Side
Interior Angles
Angle pairs that are on the
inside of 2 parallel lines
and on the same side of
the transversal.
Skew Lines
Lines that lie in different
planes that are neither
parallel nor intersecting.
Supplementary
Angles
Two angles whose
measure have a sum of
180 degrees.
Transversal
A line that intersects two
or more lines.
Vertical Angles
A pair of opposite
congruent angles formed
by intersecting lines; in the
diagram, angle 1 and
angle 3 are congruent,
and angle 2 and angle 4
are congruent.
Unit 7
System of
Equations
A set of two or more
equations that contain two
or more variables
System of
Inequalities
Two or more inequalities
containing common
variable(s). Note: Systems
of inequalities sometimes
include equations as well
as inequalities