Table S1. Standardized a2, c2, e2 estimates (95% confidence interval) for testosterone, DHEA, and pubertal status from fitting a univariate
qualitative sex differences model.
Comparison to fixing opposite-sex
DZ correlation to 0.5
Males
opposite-sex
Testosterone
χ2diff
df
p
DZ correlation
1.6
1
.21
0.0
(0.0-.5)
DHEA
0.22
1
.64
.3
(0.0-.5)
Pubertal Status
0.0
1
1.0
.5
(.14 - .5)
Females
a2
c2
e2
a2
c2
e2
.18
.65
.16
.47
.23
.29
(0.0-.45) (.39-.82) (.10-.29)
.59
.17
.24
(.18-.82) (0.0-.50) (.15-.39)
.10
.72
.17
(0.0-.28) (.55-.83) (.12-.24)
(.20-.74) (0.0-.47) (.21-.40)
.41
.23
.24
(.02-.78) (0.0-.70) (.17-.34)
.41
.44
.15
(.25-.57) (.29-.58) (.10-.21)
Note: a2, c2, e2 refer to the standardized genetic, shared environment and non-shared environmental variance respectively.
Table S2. Standardized a2, c2, e2 estimates (95% confidence intervals) of variance/covariance in pubertal timing, testosterone, DHEA and
estimated genetic and environmental correlations from fitting a trivariate Cholesky model.
Males
a2
c2
Pubertal Status
.55 (.05-.70)
.06 (0.0-.51)
Testosterone
.13 (0.0-.46)
DHEA
.52 (.16-.73)
Females
e2
a2
c2
e2
.39 (.28-.53)
.77 (.47-.84)
.02 (0.0-.29)
.21 (.15-.29)
.65 (.35-.79)
.21 (.13-.32)
.33 (.34-.75)
.42 (.02-.73)
.24 (.17-.36)
.22 (.05-.54)
.25 (.16-.43)
.32 (.05-.69)
.47 (.10-.71)
.22 (.15-.33)
Puberty-Testosterone .55 (-.23-1.0) .40 (-.20-1.1) .03 (-.13-.28)
rA = .55
Puberty-DHEA
.70 (-1.0-1.9) .42 (-.4-1.9)
rA = .70
Testosterone-DHEA
rC = .88
rC = .92
.19 (-.12-.58) .60 (.25-.86)
rA = .19
rC = .96
1.0 (-.10-1.9) -.06 (-.90-.90) .02 (-.20-.25)
rE = .06
rA = .53
-.12 (-.90-.90)
.91 (.12-1.8)
rE = -.12
rA = .53
.21 (.09-.39)
rE = .54
rC = .34
.01 (-.8-.74)
rC = .65
.11 (-.20-.71) .65 (.06-.95)
rA = .23
rC = .72
rE = .02
.07 (-.14-.28)
rE = .10
.23 (.15-.38)
rE = .67
Note: Proportion of phenotypic variance accounted for by A, C, and E are shown in the top panel; proportion of phenotypic covariance
accounted for by A, C, and E are shown in the bottom panel; a2, c2, e2 refer to the standardized genetic, shared environment and non-shared
environmental variance; rA, rC, and rE refer to the genetic, shared environment, and non-shared environment correlations.