Table S1 Reported concentrations (µg L
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Table S1 Reported concentrations (µg L-1) of propranolol and losartan in different aquatic matrices in several countries. The values in bold were used to estimate MEC/PNEC ratios (cf., Table 3) Pharmaceutical Sample Country Reported concentration (µg L-1) Reference Propranolol Glatt River River (upstream from STP) River (downstream from STP) East Fork River Hoje River (upstream of the STP) Hoje River (downstream of the STP) Gardon River Henares-Jarama-Tajo river system Jamaica Bay, Santa Ana river and Gwynns Falls Llobegrat river basin Ebro river basin (downstream the WWTPs) River Onyar Surface waters (downstream of sewage discharges) River Taff River Taff River Taff (upstream of WWTP) River Taff (downstream of WWTP) River Ely (upstream of WWTP) River Ely (downstream of WWTP) Mankyung River Sindian river Llobegrat river (downstream from WWTP) Ebro basin (downstream to WWTP) Ebro river basin Jiulong River Surface waters (Novi Sad, Zrenjanin, Bečej, Vrbas) Rivers and streams Igarapé (40 river) Rivers of Madrid (downstream from STP) Pego-Oliva Marshlands Rhône-Alpes region Receptor streams of hospital effluents River Ouse (outfall of a STP and its downstream) Surface water Switzerland UK UK USA Sweden Sweden France Spain USA Spain Spain Spain UK UK UK UK UK UK UK South Korea Taiwan Spain Spain Spain China Serbia Germany Brazil Spain Spain France Brazil England <0.005 – 0.008 <0.010 – 0.115 <0.010 – 0.215 0.023 <0.001 0.01 0.052 ± 0.006 – 0.113 ± 0.002 0.0001 – 0.0073 <0.0001-0.032 0.00001-0.00006 0.009-0.063 0.012 0.037 0.005-0.007 0.007-0.031 <0.0005-0.009 0.009-0.040 <0.0005-0.027 0.007-0.074 0.0225-0.0401 0.0058-0.0391 0.01494 0.00895-0.0188 0.00989-0.01882 0.0009 (maximum) 0.0104 0.59 (maximum) 0.026 0.015 – 0.178 0.0166 (maximum) 0.0012 (mean concentration) 0.56 ±0.47 0.0017 – 0.0852 Alder et al. (2010) Ashton et al. (2004) Ashton et al. (2004) Batt et al. (2008) Bendz et al. (2005) Bendz et al. (2005) Coetsier et al. (2009) Fernández et al. (2010) Fono and Sedlak (2005) Ginebreda et al. (2010) Gros et al. (2007) Gros et al. (2012) Hilton and Thomas (2003) Kasprzyk-Hordern et al. (2007) Kasprzyk-Hordern et al. (2008) Kasprzyk-Hordern et al. (2009) Kasprzyk-Hordern et al. (2009) Kasprzyk-Hordern et al. (2009) Kasprzyk-Hordern et al. (2009) Kim et al. (2009b) Lin et al. (2009) López-Serna et al. (2010) López-Serna et al. (2012a) López-Serna et al. (2012b) Lv et al. (2014) Petrović et al. (2014) Ternes (1998) Thomas et al. (2014) Valcárcel et al. (2011) Vazquez-Roig et al. (2012) Vulliet and Cren-Olivé (2011) Wilde et al. (2012) Zhang et al. (2008) Pharmaceutical Propranolol Sample Country Reported concentration (µg L-1) Surface water River Ouse (including sewage outfall and its upstream UK 0.0039 – 0.102 and downstream) Effluents (STPa/WWTPb) Effluent (WWTP) Siwitzerland 0.03 ± (0.005) - 0.07 ± (0.008) Effluent (STP) France 0.01 - 0.04 Effluent (STP) Greece 0.01 Effluent (STP) Italy 0.01-0.09 Effluent (STP) Sweden 0.01 Effluent (STP) UK 0.016 – 0.284 Effluents (WWTP) USA 0.032-0.077 Effluent (STP) Sweden 0.03 Effluent (WWTP) Spain 0.016-0.1 Wastewater effluents Spain <0.001 – 0.82 Effluents (STP) France 0.16 ± 0.003 – 0.56 ± 0.023 Effluents (STP France 0.04 (maximum) Effluent from WWTPs USA 0.003-0.16 Effluents of WWTP France 0.0026-0.398 Effluents of WWTP Croatia 0.1-0.47 Effluents (WWTP) Spain 0.097 Effluent (STP) UK 0.13-0.18 Wastewater effluents USA 0.026-1.90 Effluent (STP) UK 0.1574 Effluent (WWTP) UK 0.388 Effluent (WWTP) UK 0.121-0.405 Effluent (WWTP) UK 0.130-0.523 Effluents (WWTP) Ireland 0.31 (maximum) Effluent (WWTP) Spain 0.05160 Effluents (STP) Sweden <0.005-0.094 Effluent (STP) Switzerland 0.032 ± 0.003 -0.123 ± 0.002 Effluents (WWTP) France 1.1 (maximum) Wastewater effluent (municipal sewerage) Serbia 0.0785 Effluent (WWTP) UK 0.195-0.373 Effluents (STP) Germany 0.29 (maximum) Effluent (STP) Germany 0.18 ± 0.01 (mean concentration) Raw wastewaters (municipal) Western Balkan <0.012 – 0.255 Reference Zhang and Zhou (2007) Alder et al. (2010) Andreozzi et al. (2003) Andreozzi et al. (2003) Andreozzi et al. (2003) Andreozzi et al. (2003) Ashton et al. (2004) Batt et al. (2008) Bendz et al. (2005) Bueno et al. (2007) Camacho-Muñoz et al. 2010 Coetsier et al. (2009) Ferrari et al. (2004) Fono and Sedlak (2005) Gabet-Giraud et al. (2010) Gros et al. (2006) Gros et al. (2012) Hilton and Thomas (2003) Huggett et al. (2003) Jones et al. (2003) Kasprzyk-Hordern et al. (2008) Kasprzyk-Hordern et al. (2009) Kasprzyk-Hordern et al. (2009) Lacey et al. (2012) López-Serna et al. (2010) Lundström et al. (2010) Maurer et al. (2007) Miège et al. (2006) Petrović et al. (2014) Roberts and Thomas (2006) Ternes (1998) Ternes et al. (2003) Terzić et al. (2008) Pharmaceutical Propranolol Pharmaceutical Losartan Country Reported concentration (µg L-1) a b Effluents (STP /WWTP ) Effluent (WWTP) England 0.016-0.135 Effluents (Hospital) Hospital effluent wastewaters Spain 0.2 - 6.5 Hospital effluents Taiwan 0.225 (maximum) Hospital effluents Brazil 0.70 ± 0.88 Effluents (drug production facilities) Pharmaceutical production facilities effluents Taiwan 0.0081 (maximum) Underground water Underground water (Private wells in Novi Sad/Vrbas) Serbia 0.0045 (maximum) Rhône-Alpes region France 0.0018 (mean concentration) Drinking water Drinking water (Novi Sad and Zrenjanin) Serbia <0.0014 – 0.0043 Estuarine and marine waters Jiulong River estuary China 0.0008 (maximum) Douro River estuary Portugal 0.00318 (maximum) Douro River estuary Portugal 0.0220-0.0540 Tyne River estuary UK 0.035 – 0.107 Rivers Tyne, Tees, Mersey and Thames and Belfast UK <0.004 – 0.056 Lough estuaries Scheldt estuary and Belgian harbours Belgium 0.024 (maximum) Yangtze River Estuary and its coastal water China 0.0003 – 0.025 Sample Country Reported concentration (µg L-1) Surface water Ebro basin (upstream from discharge point of WWTP Spain 0.5792 (maximum) effluent) Raw water (human consumption) France 0.011 (maximum) Rivers in Bavaria Germany 0.12 (maximum) Rivers, reservoirs and lakes (Spanhish Mediterranean Spain 0.099 (maximum) area) River Onyar Spain 0.034 Jiulong River China <0.00005- 0.0012 Canal water from Bukovac village Serbia 0.154 (maximum) Effluent (STPa/WWTPb) Effluent (WWTP) Spain 0.266 (maximum) Wastewater effluent (STP) Germany 0.45 (maximum) Sample Reference Zhou et al. (2009) Gómez et al. (2006) Lin and Tsai (2009) Wilde et al. (2012) Lin and Tsai (2009) Petrović et al. (2014) Vulliet and Cren-Olivé (2011) Petrović et al. (2014) Lv et al. (2014) Madureira et al. (2010a) Madureira et al. (2010b) Roberts and Thomas (2006) Thomas and Hilton (2004) Wille et al. (2010) Yang et al. (2011) Reference Acuña et al. (2014) ANSES (2011) Bayer et al. (2014) Gracia-Lor et al. (2014) Gros et al. (2012) Lv et al. (2014) Petrović et al. (2014) Acuña et al. (2014) Bayer et al. (2014) Pharmaceutical Losartan Sample Country Reported concentration (µg L-1) a Effluent (STP /WWTPb) Spain 0.162 ± 0.189 Effluent (WWTP receiving treated industrial wastewater, including from pharmaceutical industries) Effluent wastewater Spain Effluent (WWTP) Spain Effluent (WWTP) Switzerland Effluent (STP) Netherlands Sewerage on the out flow to the Danube Serbia Effluent (drug treatment plant) Effluent samples from a treatment plant serving about 90 India bulk drug manufactures Drinking water Drinking water from a private residence (Girona) Spain Marine water Surface waters (Mediterranean sea) Spain a STP – sewage treatment plant b WWTP – wastewater treatment plant Reference Collado et al. (2014) 0.37 (maximum) 0.027 – 0.075 0.510 0.06 – 0.09 0.229 Gracia-Lor (2014) Gros et al. (2012) Margot et al. (2013) Oosterhuis et al. (2013) Petrović et al. (2014) 2,400 – 2,500 Larsson et al. (2007) 0.005 Gros et al. (2012) 0.004 Gros et al. 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