Additional file 14: Traits studied under the four trait groups (drought tolerance, yield
potential, lodging resistance, and adaptation to direct seeding) with trait codes and
ecosystems.
Group
Group 1:
Drought tolerance
Group 2:
Yield potential
Trait
Trait code
T1
Plant height (cm)
-1
Increase of canopy temperature (ºC d )
T2
Canopy temperature (ºC)
T3
Reduction of NDVI (early stress)
T4
Reduction of NDVI (severe stress)
T5
NDVI
T6
Absolute amount of sap (g)
T7
-1
Bleeding rate (g sap g shoot)
T8
-2
Number of tillers m (mid-stress)
T9
Shoot biomass at mid-stress (g)
T10
2
Leaf area at mid-stress (cm )
T11
Leaf:Stem ratio at mid-stress
T12
2
-1
Specific leaf area at mid-stress (cm g )
T13
Days to flowering
T14
-3
Root mass density (0-15 cm; cmroot cm soil)
T15
-3
Root mass density (15-30 cm; cmroot cm soil)
T16
-3
Root mass density (30-45 cm; cmroot cm soil)
T17
-3
Root mass density (45-60 cm; cmroot cm soil)
T18
Percentage deep roots
T19
-1
Grain yield (kg ha )
T20
Number of tiller m-2 at harvest
T21
-2
Number of panicle m at harvest
T22
Percentage grain fertility (by weight)
T23
Weight of 1000 grains (g)
T24
Panicle length at harvest (cm)
T25
Leaf:Stem ratio at harvest
T26
Nodal root number
T27
Days to flowering
T28
-1
Grain yield (kg ha )
T29
T30
Plant height (cm)
-1
T31
Shoot biomass (kg ha )
-2
Number of tiller m at harvest
T32
Ecosystems
Lowland stress
Lowland stress
Lowland stress
Lowland stress
Lowland stress
Lowland stress
Lowland stress
Lowland stress
Lowland stress
Lowland stress
Lowland stress
Lowland stress
Lowland stress
Lowland stress
Lowland stress
Lowland stress
Lowland stress
Lowland stress
Lowland stress
Lowland stress
Lowland stress
Lowland stress
Lowland stress
Lowland stress
Lowland stress
Lowland stress
Lowland non-stress
Lowland non-stress
Lowland non-stress
Lowland non-stress
Lowland non-stress
Lowland non-stress
Number of panicle m-2 at harvest
Harvest index
Panicle length at harvest (cm)
Percentage grain fertility (by weight)
Group 3:
Stem diameter (mm)
Lodging resistance Stem strength (mm)
Dry weight per plant (g)
Fresh weight per plant (g)
Stem diameter (mm)
Stem strength (mm)
Dry weight per plant (g)
Fresh weight per plant (g)
Days to flowering
Group 4:
DSR adaptation
First emergence (DS2013)
Full emergence (DS2013)
Grain yield (kg ha-1)
Plant height (cm)
Shoot biomass (kg ha-1)
Number of tiller m-2 at harvest
Number of panicle m-2 at harvest
Harvest index
Panicle length at harvest (cm)
Percentage grain fertility (by weight)
Weight of 1000 grains (g)
First emergence (WS2013)
Full emergence (WS2013)
Relative growth rate (WS2013)
Plant height (cm, WS2013)
Relative growth rate (Lowland, DS2013)
First emergence (Lowland, DS2013)
Full emergence (Lowland, DS2013)
Shoot dry weight I (WS 2013)
Shoot dry weight II (WS 2013)
Shoot dry weight III (WS 2013)
T33
T34
T35
T36
T37
T38
T39
T40
T41
T42
T43
T44
T45
T46
T47
T48
T49
T50
T51
T52
T53
T54
T55
T56
T57
T58
T59
T60
T61
T62
T63
T64
T65
T66
Lowland non-stress
Lowland non-stress
Lowland non-stress
Lowland non-stress
Upland
Upland
Upland
Upland
Lowland
Lowland
Lowland
Lowland
Upland
Upland
Upland
Upland
Upland
Upland
Upland
Upland
Upland
Upland
Upland
Upland
Upland
Upland
Upland
Upland
Upland
Upland
Upland
Upland
Upland
Upland