CURRICULUM VITAE
MYRON E. ESSEX
EDUCATION
1962 BS
1967 DVM/MS
1970 PhD
University of Rhode Island
Michigan State University
University of California at Davis
Biological Sciences
Veterinary Medicine
Microbiology
APPOINTMENTS
Positions Held
1970 – 1972
1972 – 1978
1976 – 1992
1978 – 1982
1979 –
1982 – 1997
1986 –
1988 –
1989 –
1996 –
1997 – 2006
1998 – 2006
Postdoctoral fellow in the laboratory of George Klein at the Department of
Tumor Biology, Karolinska Institute School of Medicine, Stockholm,
Sweden (Fellow of Leukemia Society of America)
Assistant and Associate Professor of Virology, Harvard School of Public
Health (Scholar of Leukemia Society of America)
Lecturer, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School
Chairman, Department of Microbiology, Harvard School of Public Health
(Dept. restructured, expanded, and renamed the Dept. of Cancer Biology
in 1982 and the Dept. of Immunology & Infectious Diseases in 1997)
Professor of Virology, Harvard School of Public Health
Chairman, Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard School of Public Health
Adjunct Scientist, Southwest Biomedical Research Foundation
Chairman, Harvard AIDS Initiative
Mary Woodard Lasker Professor of Health Sciences
Chairman, Botswana–Harvard AIDS Institute
Chairman, Department of Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Harvard
School of Public Health
John LaPorte Given Professor of Infectious Diseases
Outside Service
1978 – 1991
1981 – 1991
Medical and Scientific Advisory Committee, Leukemia Society of America
Scientific Advisory Board, Cambridge Biotechnology Corp.
October 2011
1982 – 1984
1982 – 1986
1985 – 1989
1985 –
1987 – 1991
1987 – 1992
1989 – 2001
1990 –
1992 – 2002
1993 –
1994 – 2000
1995 – 1997
1995 – 1999
1995 – 1999
1995 –
1996 – 1998
1996 – 2000
1997 – 1999
1997 – 2004
1997 – 2005
Lasker Awards Jury
Board of Scientific Counselors, National Cancer Institute
Scientific Advisory Board, American Red Cross
Advisory Board, American Council on Science and Health
Division of Cancer Cause and Prevention Board, National Cancer Institute
Lasker Awards Jury
World Committee, International Association Research on Leukemia
Advisory Board, African AIDS Association
Scientific Advisory Board, Virus Research Institute
Board of Directors, Pierre Dick/Virbac Foundation
Board of Advisors, Hong Kong Cancer Center
Secretary General, International Association Research on Leukemia
Vice President Scientific Affairs, International Retrovirology Association:
HTLV & Related Viruses
Scientific Advisory Board, Until There’s A Cure Foundation
Board of Advisors, Maryland Biotechnology Institute
Scientific Advisory Board, Sabin Foundation
Scientific Advisory Board, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative,
Rockefeller Foundation
President, International Association Research on Leukemia
Consultant, Diacrin
Scientific Advisory Board, Institute for International Vaccine Development

Previous service includes membership on various National Institutes of Health and
American Cancer Society committees.

Member of various editorial boards including AIDS, AIDS Research & Human
Retroviruses, Cancer Investigation, Cancer Research, Journal of Acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndromes, Journal of Immunology, Journal of Viral Diseases and Viral
Immunology.

Member of numerous professional organizations, including the American Society of
Microbiology, the American Association of Cancer Research, the American
Veterinary Medical Association, the American Association of Immunologists, the
Infectious Disease Society of America, the Society of Lymphocyte Biology, the
American Society of Virology, and the New York Academy of Sciences.
M. Essex
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October 2011
HONORS AND AWARDS
1970 – 1972
1972 – 1976
1979
1980
1984
1985 – 1999
1986
1986
1987
1987
1988
1988
1989
1989 –
1990
1990
1991
1992
1992
1992
1993
1994
1995
1995
1995
1997
1998
1998
1999
2000
2001
2001
2006
M. Essex
Leukemia Society of America Fellow
Leukemia Society of America Scholar
Honorary Master of Arts, Harvard University
Bronze Medal, American Cancer Society
Ralston-Purina Research Award
National Cancer Institute Outstanding Investigator Grant
Albert Lasker Medical Research Award (with R. Gallo, L. Montagnier)
Carnation Research Award
Michigan State University Distinguished Alumnus Award
Member, National Academy of Practitioners
University of California, Davis, Distinguished Alumnus Award
Honorary Doctor of Science, University of Rhode Island
Honorary Doctor of Science, Michigan State University
Member, Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences
Honorary Doctor of Science, University of Madrid
Centennial Professor, Washington State University
Presidential Medal of Honor, Senegal
Honorary Doctor of Science, University of Maryland
Annual Award, American Association of Veterinary Epidemiologists
Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
Fellow, American Academy of Microbiology
University of Rhode Island Alumni Award for Excellence
Honorary Doctorate, University of Kinshasa
K.F. Meyer-James H. Steele Gold Headed Cane Award, American
Veterinary Epidemiology Society
National Cancer Institute Lifetime Research Award
Honorary Doctor of Science, University of Illinois
Presidential Award, University of Nuevo Leon, Mexico
Honorary Doctorate, University of Nuevo Leon, Mexico
Recognition Award, Government of Thailand
Heroes in Medicine Award, Int. Assn. Physicians in AIDS Care
San Marino Prize (with H. ZurHausen)
Honorary Doctor of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok
Honorary Professor, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México,
Toluca, Mexico
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October 2011
Honorary Lectureships
Honorary lectures include the Yohei Ito Memorial Lecture for the Leukemia Society of
America, the Yohei Ito Memorial Lecture for the International Association on Leukemia
Research, the Fred Stohlman Memorial Lecture, the Mildred Scheel Memorial Lecture,
the Dwight Griswold Memorial Lecture, the Alexander D. Langmuir Lecture, the Frank
Rauscher Jr. Memorial Lecture, the Hahnemann University Honorary Lecture, the Merck
Lecture for the American Society of Microbiology, the Honorary Ranbaxy Lecture, the
Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Lecture for the Institute of Human Virology, and other
memorial lectures for various medical organizations.
PATENTS

HTLV-I and HTLV-II envelope proteins gp45, gp61 for diagnostics and vaccines

HTLV envelope peptides for diagnostic distinction of types I and II

HIV-1 envelope proteins gp120 and gp160 for diagnostics and vaccines

HIV-1 nef protein p27

Simian immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoproteins

Gene therapy designs using HIV-1 gp41 envelope protein

Gene therapy designs using HIV-2 Vpx protein

Gene therapy designs based on HIV-1 gag p17 protein

Vaccine design based on selective genetic deglycosylation

HIV-2 antigens for blood test screening

Early detection of hepatitis B

Salivary antibody tests for HIV

Synthetic peptides for HIV diagnosis

HIV-1 vpu to distinguish from HIV-2

Drug design for HIV entry
TRAINEES

Primary mentor for 32 doctoral students

Primary mentor for approximately 60 postdoctoral trainees

Primary mentor for 17 sabbatical trainees
M. Essex
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PUBLICATIONS (587 research publications and 11 books)
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Essex, M., Klein, G., Snyder, S.P., and Harrold, J.B. Antibody to Feline
Oncornavirus-Associated Cell Membrane Antigen in Neonatal Cats. Int. J. Cancer
8:384-390 (1971).
Essex, M., Klein, G., Snyder, S.P., and Harrold, J.B. Correlation between
Humoral Antibody and Regression of Tumours Induced by Feline Sarcoma Virus.
Nature 233:195-196 (1971).
Essex, M., Kawakami, T.G., and Kurata, K. Continuous Long-Term Replication
of Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) in an Established Canine Cell Culture (MDCK).
Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 139:295-299 (1972).
Essex, M., Klein, G., Deinhardt, F., Wolfe, L.G., Hardy, W.D. Jr., Theilen, G.H.,
and Pearson, L.P. Induction of the Feline Oncornavirus-Associated Cell
Membrane Antigen in Human Cells. Nature New Biol. 238:187-189 (1972).
Essex, M. Can Feline Oncornaviruses Cause Leukemia in Man? Oncology
26:345-356 (1972).
Dickerman, R.W., Scherer, W.F., Moorhouse, A.S., Toaz, E., Essex, M., and
Steele, R.E. Ecologic Studies of Venezuelan Encephalitis Virus in Southeastern
Mexico. VI. Infection of Wild Birds. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 21:66-78 (1972).
Essex, M., Cotter, S.M., and Carpenter, J.L. Feline Virus-Induced Tumors and the
Immune Response: Recent Developments. Am. J. Vet. Res. 34:809-812 (1973).
Essex, M., and Snyder, S.P. Feline Oncornavirus-Associated Cell Membrane
Antigen. I. Serologic Studies with Kittens Exposed to Cell-Free Materials from
Various Feline Fibrosarcomas. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 51:1007-1012 (1973).
Essex, M., Snyder, S.P., and Klein, G. Relationship between Humoral Antibodies
and the Failure to Develop Progressive Tumors in Cats Injected with Feline
Sarcoma Virus (FSV). In: Unifying Concepts of Leukemia. Dutcher, R.M., and
Chieco-Bianchi, L., eds. Basel: S. Karger, pp. 771-777 (1973).
Hardy, W.D. Jr., Old, L.J., Hess, P.W., Essex, M., and Cotter, S.M. Horizontal
Transmission of Feline Leukaemia Virus. Nature 244:266-269 (1973).
Jarrett, W., Essex, M., Mackey, L., Jarrett, O., and Laird, H. Antibodies in
Normal and Leukemic Cats to Feline Oncornavirus-Associated Cell Membrane
Antigens. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 51:26l-263 (1973).
Jarrett, W., Jarrett, O., Mackey, L., Laird, H., Hardy, W.D. Jr., and Essex, M.
Horizontal Transmission of Leukemia Virus and Leukemia in the Cat. J. Natl.
Cancer Inst. 51:833-841 (1973).
Bardell, D., and Essex, M. Glycolysis During Early Infection of Feline and
Human Cells with Feline Leukemia Virus. Infect. Immun. 9:824-827 (1974).
Cerny, J., and Essex, M. Membrane Antigens of Murine Leukemia Cells. Nature
251:742-745 (1974).
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Cotter, S.M., Essex, M., and Hardy, W.D. Jr. Serological Studies of Normal and
Leukemic Cats in a Multiple-Case Leukemia Cluster. Cancer Res. 34:1061-1069
(1974).
Essex, M. The Immune Response to Oncornavirus Infections. Chapter 18. In:
Viruses, Evolution and Cancer. Kurstak, E., and Maramorosch, K., eds. New
York: Academic Press, Inc., pp. 513-548 (1974).
Essex, M., Hardy, W.D. Jr., Cotter, S.M., and Jakowski, R.M. Immune Response
of Healthy and Leukemic Cats to the Feline Oncornavirus-Associated Cell
Membrane Antigen. In: Comparative Leukemia Research 1973. Ito, Y., and
Dutcher, R.M., eds. Basel: S. Karger, pp. 483-488 (1975).
Hardy, W.D. Jr., Hess, P.W., Essex, M., Cotter, S.M., McClelland, A.J., and
MacEwen, E.G. Horizontal Transmission of Feline Leukemia Virus in Cats. In:
Comparative Leukemia Research 1973. Ito, Y., and Dutcher, R.M., eds. Basel: S.
Karger, pp. 67-74 (1975).
Cerny, J., Essex, M., Rich, M.A., and Hardy, W.D. Jr. Expression of VirusAssociated Antigens and Immune Cell Functions During Spontaneous Regression
of the Friend Viral Murine Leukemia. Int. J. Cancer 15:351-365 (1975).
Cotter, S.M., Hardy, W.D. Jr., and Essex, M. Association of Feline Leukemia
Virus with Lymphosarcoma and Other Disorders in the Cat. J. Am. Vet. Med.
Assoc. 166:449-454 (1975).
Essex, M., Cotter, S.M., Carpenter, J.L., Hardy, W.D. Jr., Hess, P., Jarrett, W.,
Schaller, J., and Yohn, D.S. Feline Oncornavirus-Associated Cell Membrane
Antigen. II. Antibody Titers in Healthy Cats from Household and Laboratory
Colony Environments. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 54:631-635 (1975).
Essex, M. Neoplasms of Cats Caused by Oncornaviruses. Pathobiol. Ann. 5:169195 (1975).
Essex, M. Horizontally and Vertically Transmitted Oncornavirus of Cats.
Advanc. Cancer Res. 21:175-248 (1975).
Essex, M., Hardy, W.D. Jr., Cotter, S.M., Jakowski, R.M., and Sliski, A.
Naturally Occurring Persistent Feline Oncornavirus Infections in the Absence of
Disease. Infect. Immun. 11:470-475 (1975).
Essex, M., Jakowski, R.M., Hardy, W.D. Jr., Cotter, S.M., Hess, P., and Sliski, A.
Feline Oncornavirus-Associated Cell Membrane Antigen. III. Antibody Titers in
Cats from Leukemia Cluster Households. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 54:637-641 (1975).
Essex, M., Cotter, S.M., Hardy, W.D. Jr., Hess, P., Jarrett, W., Jarrett, O.,
Mackey, L., Laird, H., Perryman, L., Olsen, R.G., and Yohn, D.S. Feline
Oncornavirus-Associated Cell Membrane Antigen. IV. Antibody Titers in Cats
with Naturally Occurring Leukemia, Lymphoma, and Other Diseases. J. Natl.
Cancer Inst. 55:463-467 (1975).
Essex, M., Sliski, A., Cotter, S.M., Jakowski, R.M., and Hardy, W.D. Jr.
Immunosurveillance of Naturally Occurring Feline Leukemia. Science 190:790792 (1975).
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Schaller, J.P., Essex, M., Yohn, D.S., and Olsen, R.G. Feline OncornavirusAssociated Cell Membrane Antigen. V. Humoral Immune Response to Virus and
Cell Membrane Antigens in Cats Inoculated with Gardner-Arnstein Feline
Sarcoma Virus. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 55:1373-1378 (1975).
Hardy, W.D. Jr., Hess, P.W., MacEwen, E.G., McClelland, A.J., Zuckerman,
E.E., Essex, M., Cotter, S.M., and Jarrett, O. Biology of Feline Leukemia Virus in
the Natural Environment. Cancer Res. 36:582-588 (1976).
Essex, M., Sliski, A., Hardy, W.D. Jr., and Cotter, S.M. Immune Response to
Leukemia Virus and Tumor-Associated Antigens in Cats. Cancer Res. 36:640-645
(1976).
Essex, M., and Francis, D. The Risk to Humans from Malignant Diseases of Their
Pets: An Unsettled Issue. J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc. 12:386-390 (1976).
Cerny, J., Proffitt, M.R., and Essex, M. Immunosuppression by Moloney
Leukemia Virus: Lack of Correlation between Virus Replication and the
Immunosuppressive Effect. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 56:819-822 (1976).
Charman, H.P., Kim, N., Gilden, R.V., Hardy, W.D. Jr., and Essex, M. Humoral
Immune Responses of Cats to Feline Leukemia Virus: Comparison of Responses
to the Major Structural Protein p30 and to a Virus-Specific Cell Membrane
Antigen (FOCMA). J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 56:859-861 (1976).
Mathes, L.E., Yohn, D.S., Hoover, E.A., Essex, M., Schaller, J.P., and Olsen,
R.G. Feline Oncornavirus-Associated Cell Membrane Antigen. VI. Cytotoxic
Antibody in Cats Exposed to Feline Leukemia Virus. J. Natl. Cancer Inst.
56:1197-1200 (1976).
Essex, M., and Lamon, E.W. Host Immune Response to Oncornavirus-Induced
Tumors. In: Comparative Leukemia Research 1975. Clemmesen, J., and Yohn,
D.S., eds. Basel: S. Karger, pp. 166-172 (1976).
Caldwell, G.G., Baumgartener, L., Carter, C., Cotter, S., Currier, R., Essex, M.,
Hardy, W., Olson, C., and Olsen, R. Seroepidemiologic Testing in Man for
Evidence of Antibodies to Feline Leukemia Virus and Bovine Leukemia Virus.
In: Comparative Leukemia Research 1975. Clemmesen, J., and Yohn, D.S., eds.
Basel: S. Karger, pp. 238-241 (1976).
Cerny, J., Essex, M., and Thomas, D.B. Interactions of Murine Leukemia Virus
(MuLV) with Isolated Lymphocytes. III. Alterations of Splenic B and T Cells in
Friend Virus-Infected Mice. Int. J. Cancer 18:197-204 (1976).
Hardy, W.D. Jr., McClelland, A.J., Zuckerman, E.E., Hess, P.W., Essex, M.,
Cotter, S.M., MacEwen, E.G., and Hayes, A.A. Prevention of the Contagious
Spread of the Feline Leukemia Virus between Pet Cats. In: Comparative
Leukemia Research, 1975. Clemmesen, J., and Yohn, D.S., eds. Basel: S. Karger,
pp. 511-514 (1976).
Hardy, W.D. Jr., Zuckerman, E.E., McClelland, A.J., Hess, P.W., MacEwen,
E.G., Essex, M., Cotter, S.M., and Hayes, A.A. Prevention of the Contagious
Spread of Feline Leukaemia Virus and the Development of Leukaemia in Pet
Cats. Nature 263:326-328 (1976).
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Essex, M. Immunity to Leukemia, Lymphoma, and Fibrosarcoma in Cats: A Case
for Immunosurveillance. Contemp. Topics in Immunobiol. 6:71-106 (1977).
Essex, M., Stephenson, J.R., Hardy, W.D. Jr., Cotter, S.M., and Aaronson, S.A.
Leukemia, Lymphoma, and Fibrosarcoma of Cats as Models for Similar Diseases
of Man. In: Origins of Human Cancer. Hiatt, H.H., Watson, J.D., and Winsten,
J.A., eds. Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, pp.1197-1214
(1977).
Cotter, S.M., and Essex, M. Animal Model: Feline Acute Lymphoblastic
Leukemia and Aplastic Anemia. Am. J. Pathol. 87:265-268 (1977).
Sliski, A.H., Essex, M., Meyer, C., and Todaro, G.J. Feline OncornavirusAssociated Cell Membrane Antigen: Expression in Transformed Nonproducer
Mink Cells. Science 196:1336-1339 (1977).
Essex, M., Cotter, S.M., Sliski, A.H., Hardy, W.D. Jr., Stephenson, J.R.,
Aaronson, S., and Jarrett, O. Horizontal Transmission of Feline Leukemia Virus
under Natural Conditions in a Feline Leukemia Cluster Household. Int. J. Cancer
19:90-96 (1977).
Stephenson, J.R., Essex, M., Hino, S., Hardy, W.D. Jr., and Aaronson, S.A.
Feline Oncornavirus-Associated Cell-Membrane Antigen (FOCMA): Distinction
between FOCMA and the Major Virion Glycoprotein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
U.S.A. 74:1219-1223 (1977).
Grant, C.K., DeBoer, D.J., Essex, M., Worley, M.B., and Higgins, J. Antibodies
from Healthy Cats Exposed to Feline Leukemia Virus Lyse Feline Lymphoma
Cells Slowly with Cat Complement. J. Immunol. 119:401-406 (1977).
Francis, D.P., Essex, M., and Hardy, W.D. Jr. Excretion of Feline Leukemia
Virus by Naturally Infected Pet Cats. Nature 269:252-254 (1977).
Hardy, W.D. Jr., Zuckerman, E.E., MacEwen, E.G., Hayes, A.A., and Essex, M.
A Feline Leukaemia Virus- and Sarcoma Virus-Induced Tumour-Specific
Antigen. Nature 270:249-251 (1977).
Stephenson, J.R., Khan, A.S., Sliski, A.H., and Essex, M. Feline OncornavirusAssociated Cell Membrane Antigen: Evidence for an Immunologically
Crossreactive Feline Sarcoma Virus-Coded Protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
74:5608-5612 (1977).
Grant, C.K., Essex, M., Pedersen, N.C., Hardy, W.D. Jr., Stephenson, J.R.,
Cotter, S.M., and Theilen, G.H. Lysis of Feline Lymphoma Cells by ComplementDependent Antibodies in Feline Leukemia Virus Contact Cats. Correlation of
Lysis and Antibodies to Feline Oncornavirus-Associated Cell Membrane Antigen.
J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 60:161-166 (1978).
Sherr, C.J., Sen, A., Todaro, G.J., Sliski, A., and Essex, M. Pseudotypes of Feline
Sarcoma Virus Contain an 85,000-Dalton Protein with Feline OncornavirusAssociated Cell Membrane Antigen (FOCMA) Activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
U.S.A. 75:1505-1509 (1978).
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Hardy, W.D. Jr., Zuckerman, E.E., Essex, M., MacEwen, E.G., and Hayes, A.A.
Feline Oncornavirus-Associated Cell-Membrane Antigen: An FeLV- and FeSVInduced Tumor-Specific Antigen. In: Differentiation of Normal and Neoplastic
Hematopoietic Cells. Clarkson, B., Marks, P.A., and Till, J., eds. Cold Spring
Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, pp.601-623 (1978).
de Noronha, F., Schäfer, W., Essex, M., and Bolognesi, D.P. Influence of
Antisera to Oncornavirus Glycoprotein (gp71) on Infections of Cats with Feline
Leukemia Virus. Virology 85:617-621 (1978).
Essex, M., Sliski, A.H., Hardy, W.D. Jr., deNoronha, F., and Cotter, S.M. Feline
Oncornavirus Associated Cell Membrane Antigen: A Tumor Specific Cell Surface
Marker. In: Advances in Comparative Leukemia Research 1977. Bentvelzen, P.,
Hilgers, J. and Yohn, D.S., eds. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical
Press, pp. 337-340 (1978).
Jacquemin, P.C., Saxinger, C., Gallo, R.C., Hardy, W.D. Jr., and Essex, M.
Antibody Response in Cats to Feline Leukemia Virus Reverse Transcriptase under
Natural Conditions of Exposure to the Virus. Virology 91:472-476 (1978).
Essex, M., deNoronha, F., Oroszlan, S., and Hardy, W.D. Jr. Feline
Oncornavirus-Associated Cell Membrane Antigen. In: Proceedings of the Third
International Symposium on Detection and Prevention of Cancer. Neibergs, H.,
ed. pp. 1401-1414 (1978).
Sherr, C.J., Todaro, G.J., Sliski, A., and Essex, M. Characterization of Feline
Sarcoma Virus-Coded Antigen (FOCMA-S) by Radioimmunoassay. Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75:4489-4493 (1978).
Francis, D.P., and Essex, M. Leukemia and Lymphoma: Infrequent
Manifestations of Common Viral Infections? A Review. J. Infect. Dis. 138:916923 (1978).
Grant, C.K., Pickard, D.K., Ramaika, C., Madewell, B.R., and Essex, M.
Complement and Tumor Antibody Levels in Cats, and Changes Associated with
Natural Feline Leukemia Virus Infection and Malignant Disease. Cancer Res.
39:75-81 (1979).
Essex, M., Sliski, A.H., and Hardy, W.D. Jr. FOCMA: A Transformation Specific
RNA Sarcoma Virus Encoded Protein. In: Antiviral Mechanisms in the Control
of Neoplasia. Chandra, P., ed. New York: Plenum Publishing Corp. pp. 125-137
(1979).
Essex, M., Grant, C.K., Sliski, A.H., and Hardy, W.D. Jr. Feline Leukemia and
Immunological Surveillance. In: Antiviral Mechanisms in the Control of
Neoplasia. Chandra, P., ed. New York: Plenum Publishing Corp., pp. 427-441
(1979).
Francis, D.P., Essex, M., and Gayzagian, D. Feline Leukemia Virus: Survival
under Home and Laboratory Conditions. J. Clin. Microbiol. 9:154-156 (1979).
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Essex, M., Grant, C.K., Cotter, S.M., Sliski, A.H., and Hardy, W.D. Jr. Leukemia
Specific Antigens: FOCMA and Immune Surveillance. In: Modern Trends in
Human Leukemia, III. Neth, R., Gallo, R.C., Hofschneider, P.-H., and
Mannweiler, K., eds. New York: Springer-Verlag, pp. 453-467 (1979).
Cerny, J., and Essex, M. Mechanisms of Immunosuppression by Oncogenic RNA
Viruses. In: Naturally Occurring Biological Immunosuppressive Factors and
Their Relationship to Disease. Neubauer, R.H., ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Inc.,
pp. 233-256 (1979).
Mandel, M.P., Stephenson, J.R., Hardy, W.D. Jr., and Essex, M. Endogenous RD114 Virus of Cats: Absence of Antibodies to RD-114 Envelope Antigens in Cats
Naturally Exposed to Feline Leukemia Virus. Infect. Immun. 24:282-285 (1979).
Kurth, R., Fenyö, E.M., Klein, E., and Essex, M. Cell-Surface Antigens Induced
by RNA Tumour Viruses. Nature 279:197-201 (1979).
Essex, M., and Grant, C.K. Tumor Immunology in Domestic Animals. Advan.
Vet. Sci. Comp. Med. 23:183-228 (1979).
Koshy, R., Wong-Staal, F., Gallo, R.C., Hardy, W., and Essex, M. Distribution of
Feline Leukemia Virus DNA Sequences in Tissues of Normal and Leukemic
Domestic Cats. Virology 99:135-144 (1979).
Sliski, A.H., and Essex, M. Sarcoma Virus-Induced Transformation Specific
Antigen: Presence of Antibodies in Cats that Were Naturally Exposed to
Leukemia Virus. Virology 95:581-586 (1979).
Francis, D.P., Essex, M., Cotter, S.M., Gayzagian, D., and Hamm, D. A Simple
Method for Quantitating Salivary Levels of Virus Using Calcium Alginate Swabs.
J. Clin. Pathol. 32:514-515 (1979).
Azocar, J., and Essex, M. Incorporation of HLA Antigens into the Envelope of
RNA Tumor Viruses Grown in Human Cells. Cancer Res. 39:3388-3391 (1979).
Rhim, J.S., Nelson-Rees, W.A., and Essex, M. Transformation of Feline Embryo
Cells in Culture by a Chemical Carcinogen. Int. J. Cancer 24:336-340 (1979).
Azocar, J., and Essex, M. Interactions of Feline Leukemia Virus with Lymphoid
Cells. In: Virus-Lymphocyte Interactions: Implications for Disease. Proffitt, M.,
ed. New York: Elsevier/North-Holland, Inc., pp. 179-189 (1979).
Francis, D.P., Cotter, S.M., Hardy, W.D. Jr., and Essex, M. Comparison of VirusPositive and Virus-Negative Cases of Feline Leukemia and Lymphoma. Cancer
Res. 39:3866-3870 (1979).
Azocar, J., and Essex, M. Susceptibility of Human Cell Lines to Feline Leukemia
Virus and Feline Sarcoma Virus. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 63:1179-1184 (1979).
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Carini, C., and Essex, M. Interleukin 2-Independent Interleukin 7 Activity
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M.E.. Slower Heterosexual Spread of HIV-2 than HIV-1. Lancet 343:943-946
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Lallemant, M., Baillou, A., Lallemant-Le Coeur, S., Nzingoula, S., Mampaka, M.,
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Lallemant, M., Le Coeur, S., Tarantola, D., Mann, J., and Essex, M.
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Marlink, R., Kanki, P, Thior, I., Travers, K., Eisen, G., Siby, T., Traore, I., Hsieh,
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Lallemant, M., Le Coeur, S., Samba, L., Cheynier, D., Mpelé, P., Nzingoula, S.,
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Trujillo, J.R., Garcia, G., Novak, I.S., Rivera, V.M., Huerto, E., and Essex, M.
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Wang, W.-K., Lee, T.H., and Essex, M. The Highly Conserved Aspartic Acid
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Chou, K., Okayama, A., Tachibana, N., Lee, T.H., and Essex, M. Nucleotide
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Essex, M. The HIV-1 Vaccine Dilemma: Lessons from the Cat. J. NIH Res.,
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Essex, M. Strategies of Research For a Vaccine Against AIDS. Hist. Phil. Life
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Lallemant, M., LeCoeur, S., McIntosh, K., Brennan, T., Gelber, R., Lee, T.H.,
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Yu, X.F., Matsuda, Z., Yu, Q.-C., Lee, T.H., and Essex, M. Role of the C
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Essex, M. The AIDS Virus: A Continuing Challenge. In: Microbial Threats to
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Soto-Ramirez, L.E., Renjifo, B., McLane, M.F., Marlink, R., O’Hara, C.,
Sutthent, R., Wasi, C., Vithayasai, P., Vithayasai, V., Apichartpiyakul, C.,
Auewarakul, P., Pena Cruz, V., Chui, D.-S., Osathanondh, R., Mayer, K., Lee,
T.H. and Essex, M. HIV-1 Langerhans’ Cell Tropism Associated with
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Trujillo, J.R., Wang, W.-K., Lee, T.H., and Essex, M. Identification of the
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for HIV-1. Virology, 217: 613-617 (1996).
Trujillo, J.R., Navia, B.A., Worth, J., Lucey, D.R., McLane, M.F., Lee, T.H., and
Essex, M. High Levels of Anti-HIV-1 Envelope Antibodies in Cerebrospinal
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Wang, W.-K., Essex, M., McLane, M.F., Mayer, K.H., Hsieh, C.C., Brumblay,
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Tripathy, S., Renjifo, B., Wang, W.-K., McLane, M.F., Bollinger R., Rodrigues,
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AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 12:1199-1202 (1996).
Wang, W.-K., Mayer, K.H., Essex, M., and Lee, T.H. Sequential Change of
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Kanki, P.J., Eisen, G., Travers, K.U., Marlink, R.G., Essex, M.E., Hsieh, C.-C.,
and Mboup, S. HIV-2 and Natural Protection Against HIV-1 Infection [response
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Renjifo, B., Chou, K., Soto-Ramirez, L., Garcia-Vallejo, F., Essex, M. Human T
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Sankalé, J.-L., Sallier de la Tour, R., Marlink, R.G., Scheib, R., Mboup, S., Essex,
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Hehlmann, R., Essex, M. Comparative Research on Leukemia and Related
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Montano, M.A., Novitsky, V.A., Blackard, J.T., Cho, N.L., Katzenstein, D.A.,
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Womack, C., Newman, C., Rissing, P., Lovell, P., Haburchak, D., Roth, W.,
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Thior, I., Diouf, G., Diaw, I.K., Dieng-Sarr, A., Hsieh, C.-C., Ndoye, I., MBoup,
S., Chen, L., Essex, M., Marlink, R., and Kanki, P.J. Sexually Transmitted
Diseases and Risk of HIV Infection In Men Attending a Sexually Transmitted
Disease Clinic in Dakar, Senegal. Af. J. Reprod. Health, 1(2):26-35 (1997).
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Mayer, K., Auewarakul, P., Sutthent, R., Wasi, C., Vithayasai, P., Vithayasai, V.,
Apichartpiyakul, C., and Soto-Ramirez, L. Different Subtypes of HIV-1 and
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Matsuda, Z., Hellinger, J.A., and Essex, M. Human Immunodeficiency Virus and
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Gorbach, S.L., Bartlett, J.G., and Blacklow, N.R., W.B. Saunders Co.,
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Dieng-Sarr, A., Hamel, D.G., Travers, K.U., Kokkotou, E., Sankalé, J.-L.,
Marlink, R., Coll-Seck, E.M., Essex, M., Siby, T., NDoye, I., MBoup, S., and
Kanki, P.J. HIV-1 and HIV-2 dual infection: lack of HIV-2 proviral correlates
with Low CD4+ lymphocyte counts. AIDS, 12:131-137 (1998).
Travers, K., Eisen, G., Marlink, R., Essex, M., Hsieh, C.C., Mboup, S., Kanki,
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Shiori, S., Stuver, S.O., Okayama, A., Murai, K., Shima, T., Tachibana, N.,
Tsubouchi, H., Essex, M., and Mueller, N. Intrafamilial Transmission of HTLV-I
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Lallemant, M., McIntosh, K., Jourdain, G., LeCoeur, S., Vithayasai, V., Lee, TH., Hammer, S., Prescott, N., and Essex, M. Ethics of Placebo Controlled Trials
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Hunter, D., Fawzi, W., and Essex, M. Epidemic Expansion of HIV-1 Subtype C
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Wang, W-K., Dudek, T., Zhao, Y-J., Brumblay, H., Essex, M., and T-H Lee.
CCR-5 Co-receptor Utilization Involves a Highly Conserved Arginine Residue of
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
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Novitsky, V.A., Montano, M. and Essex, M. Molecular Epidemiology of an HIV1 A Subcluster among Injection Drug Users in the Southern Ukraine. AIDS Res.
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Essex, M. State of the HIV pandemic. J. Hum. Virol. 1:427-429 (1998).
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JAMA Southeast Asia, 14:50-53 (1998).
Sankalé, J.-L., MBoup, S., Essex, M., and Kanki, P.J. Genetic Characterization
of Viral Quasispecies in Blood and Cervical Secretions of HIV-1 and HIV-2
Infected Women. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 14:1473-1481 (1998).
Popper, S.J., Sankalé, J-L., Thior, I., Siby, T. Marlink, R.G., Mboup, S., Essex,
M., and Kanki, P. Antibodies to the HIV Type 2 Core Protein p26 and Vpx:
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Montano, M., Nixon, C., and Essex, M. Dysregulation through the NFEnhancer and TATA Box of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype
E Promoter. J. Virol., 72:8446-8452 (1998).
Kokkotou, E., Philippon, V., Guèye-Ndiaye, A., Mboup, S., Wang, W.K., Essex,
M., and Kanki, P.J. Role of the CCR532 Allele in Resistance to HIV-1 Infection
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Lallemant, M., McIntosh, K., Jourdain, G., LeCour, S., Vithayasai, V., Lee, T.H.,
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Blackard, J., Renjifo, B., Mwakagile, D., Montano, M., Fawzi, W., and Essex, M.
Transmission of HIV-1 Viruses with Intersubtype Recombinant LTR Sequences.
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Dieng Sarr, A., Popper, S., Thior, I., Sankalé, J.-L., Siby, T., Marlink, R., Essex,
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Novitsky, V., Montano, M., McLane, M.F., Renjifo, B., Vannberg, F., Foley, B.,
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Wang, W.-K., Dudek, T., Essex, M., and Lee, T.-H. Hypervariable Region 3
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Roth, W.W., Womack, C., Newman, C., Essex, M., and Bond, V.C. Phylogenetic
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Essex, M. Human Immunodeficiency Viruses in the Developing World. Advan.
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Essex, M. The New AIDS Epidemic. Harvard Magazine 101:37-42 (1999).
Philippon, V., Matsuda, Z., and Essex, M. Transactivation is a Conserved
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Popper, S.J., Dieng Sarr, A., Travers, K.U., Guèye-Ndiaye, A., Mboup, S., Essex,
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Chang, S.Y., Sutthent, R., Auewarakul, P., Apichartpiyakul, C., Essex, M., Lee,
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Positions for HIV Type 1 Subtypes C and B. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses.
21:1016-1030 (2005).
Nkolola, J.P., and Essex, M. Progress Towards an HIV-1 Subtype C Vaccine.
Vaccine. 24:391-401 (2006).
Koulinska, I.N., Villamor, E., Chaplin, B. Msamanga, G., Fawzi, W., Renjifo, B.,
and Essex, M. Transmission of Cell-Free and Cell-Associated HIV-1 Through
Breast-Feeding. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 41:93-99 (2006).
Paca-uccaralertkun, S., Damgaard, C.K., Auewarakul, P., Thitithanyanont, A.,
Suphaphiphat, P., Essex, M., Kjems, J., and Lee, T.H. The Effect of a Single
Nucleotide Substitution in the Splicing Silencer in the tat/rev Intron on HIV Type
1 Envelope Expression. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 22:76-82 (2006).
Vasan, A., Renjifo, B., Hertzmark, E., Chaplin, B., Msamanga, G., Essex, M.,
Fawzi, W., and Hunter, D. Different Rates of Disease Progression of HIV Type 1
Infection in Tanzania Based on Infecting Subtype. Clin. Infect. Dis. 42:843-852
(2006).
Ndung’u, T., Sepako, E., McLane, M.F., Chand, F., Bedi, K., Gaseitsiwe, S.,
Doualla-Bell, F., Peter, T., Thior, I., Moyo, S.M., Gilbert, P., Novitsky, V.A., and
Essex, M. HIV-1 Subtype C In Vitro Growth and Coreceptor Utilization.
Virology. 347:247-260 (2006).
Novitsky, V., Gilbert, P., Shea, K., McLane, M.F., Rybak, N., Klein, I., Thior, I.,
Ndung’u, T., Lee, T.H., and Essex, M. Interactive Association of Proviral Load
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Doualla-Bell, F., Avalos, A., Gaolathe, T., Mine, M., Gaseitsiwe, S., Ndwapi, N.,
Novitsky, V., Brenner, B., Oliveira, M., Moisi, D., Moffat, H., Thior, I., Essex,
M., and Wainberg, M.A. Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Subtype C on Drug Resistance Mutations in Patients from Botswana Failing a
Nelfinavir-Containing Regimen. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50:2210-2213
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Montano, M., Rarick, M., Sebastiani, P., Brinkmann, P., Russell, M., Navis, A.,
Wester, C., Thior, I., and Essex, M. Gene-Expression Profiling of HIV-1
Infection and Perinatal Transmission in Botswana. Genes Immun. 7:298-309
(2006).
Da’dara, A.A., Lautsch, N., Novitsky, V., Lee, T.H., Essex, M., and Harn, D.A.
Helminth Infection Suppresses T Cell Immune Response to HIV-DNA-Based
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J., Lagakos, S., and Essex, M. Maternal Single-Dose Nevirapine versus Placebo
as Part of an Antiretroviral Strategy to Prevent Mother-to-Child HIV
Transmission in Botswana. AIDS. 20:1281-1288 (2006).
Brenner, B.G., Oliveira, M., Doualla-Bell, F., Moisi, D.D., Ntemgwa, M.,
Frankel, F., Essex, M., and Wainberg, M.A. HIV-1 Subtype C Viruses Rapidly
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Thior, I., Lockman, S., Smeaton, L.M., Shapiro, R.L., Wester, C., Heymann, S.J.,
Gilbert, P.B., Stevens, L., Peter, T., Kim, S., van Widenfelt, E., Moffat, C.,
Ndase, P., Arimi, P., Kebaabetswe, P., Mazonde, P., Makhema, J., McIntosh, K.,
Novitsky, V., Lee, T.H., Marlink, R., Lagakos, S., and Essex, M., for the Mashi
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Formula Feeding Plus Infant Zidovudine for 1 Month to Reduce Mother-to-Child
HIV Transmission in Botswana. A Randomized Trial: The Mashi Study. JAMA.
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Koulinska, I.N., Villamor, E., Msamanga, G., Fawzi, W., Blackard, J., Renjifo,
B., and Essex, M. Risk of HIV-1 Transmission by Breastfeeding among Mothers
Infected with Recombinant and Non-recombinant HIV-1 Genotypes. Virus Res.
120:191-198 (2006).
O’Neill, E., Baugh, L.L., Novitsky, V.A., Essex, M.E., and Garcia, J.V. Intra- and
Intersubtype Alternative Pak2-Activating Structural Motifs of Human
Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nef. J. Virol. 80:8824-8829 (2006). PMCID:
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Mboup, S., Musonda, R., Mhalu, F., and Essex, M. HIV/AIDS. In: Disease and
Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2nd ed. Jamison, D.T., Feachem, R.G.,
Makgoba, M.W., Bos, E.R., Baingana, F.K., Hofman, K.J., and Rogo, K.O., eds.
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Doualla-Bell, F., Avalos, A., Brenner, B., Gaolathe, T., Mine, M., Gaseitsiwe, S.,
Oliveira, M., Moisi, D., Ndwapi, N., Moffat, H., Essex, M., and Wainberg, M.A.
High Prevalence of the K65R Mutation in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type
1 Subtype C Isolates from Infected Patients in Botswana Treated with DidanosineBased Regimens. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50:4182-4185 (2006). PMCID:
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Lockman, S., Shapiro, R.L., Smeaton, L.M., Wester, C., Thior, I., Stevens, L.,
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Elevated Male European and Female African Contributions to the Genomes of
African American Individuals. Hum Genet. 120:713-722 (2007).
Tassiopoulos, K.K., Seage, G., III, Sam, N., Kiwelu, I., Shao, J., Ao, T.T.H.,
Essex, M., Coplan, P., Rosenberg, Z., Hughes, M., and Kapiga, S. Predictors of
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Prevalence and Incidence among Bar and Hotel
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Boutwell, C., and Essex, M. Identification of Class I HLA-Associated Amino
Acid Polymorphisms in the HIV-1C Proteome. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses.
23:165-174 (2007).
Thior, I., Gabaitiri, L., Grimes, J., Shapiro, R., Lockman, S., Kim, S.,
Kebaabetswe, P., Garmey, E., Montano, M., Peter, T., Chang, S.Y., Marlink, R.,
and Essex M. Voluntary Counseling and Testing among Post-Partum Women in
Botswana. Patient Educ. Couns. 65:296-302 (2007). PMCID: PMC1868467.
Suphaphiphat, P., Essex, M., and Lee, T.H. Mutations in the V3 Stem versus the
V3 Crown and C4 Region Have Different Effects on the Binding and Fusion
Steps of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gp120 Interaction with the
CCR5 Coreceptor. Virology. 360:182-190 (2007). PMCID: PMC2014721.
Trujillo, J.R., Rogers, R., Molina, R., Dangond, F., McLane, M.F., Essex, M., and
Brain, J. Noninfectious Entry of HIV-1 into Peripheral and Brain Macrophages
Mediated by the Mannose Receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:5097-5102
(2007). PMCID: PMC1821124.
Kapiga, S.H., Sam, N.E., Bang, H., Ni, Q., Ao, T.T.H., Kiwelu, I., Chiduo, S.,
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Role of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 and Other Genital Infections in the
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Shapiro, R.L., Lockman, S., Kim, S., Smeaton, L., Rahkola, J.T., Thior, I.,
Wester, C., Moffat, C., Arimi, P., Ndase, P., Asmelash, A., Stevens, L., Montano,
M., Makhema, J., Essex, M., and Janoff, E.N. Infant Morbidity, Mortality, and
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Novitsky, V., Wester, C. W., De Gruttola, V., Bussmann, H., Gaseitsiwe, S.,
Thomas, A., Moyo, S., Musonda, R., van Widenfelt, E., Marlink, R. G., and
Essex, M. The Reverse Transcriptase 67N 70R 215Y Genotype Is the
Predominant TAM Pathway Associated with Virologic Failure among HIV Type
1C-Infected Adults Treated with ZDV/ddI-Containing HAART in Southern
Africa. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 23:868-878 (2007).
Novitsky, V., Gaolathe, T., Woldegabriel, E., Makhema, J., and Essex, M. A
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Bussmann, H., Wester, C.W., Wester, C.N., Lekoko, B., Okezie, O., Thomas,
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Rates and Birth Outcomes among Women on Efavirenz-Containing Highly Active
Antiretroviral Therapy in Botswana. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 45:269-273
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Redd, A.D., Avalos, A., and Essex, M. Infection of Hematopoietic Progenitor
Cells by HIV-1 Subtype C, and Its Association with Anemia in Southern Africa.
Blood. 110:3143-3149 (2007). PMCID: PMC2200905.
Wester, C.W., Okezie, O.A., Thomas, A.M., Bussmann, H., Moyo, S., Muzenda,
T., Makhema, J., van Widenfelt, E., Musonda, R., Novitsky, V., Gaolathe, T.,
Ndwapi, N., Essex, M., Kuritzkes, D.R., Degruttola, V., and Marlink, R.G.
Higher-than-Expected Rates of Lactic Acidosis Among Highly Active
Antiretroviral Therapy–Treated Women in Botswana: Preliminary Results from a
Large Randomized Clinical Trial. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 46:318-322
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Teeravechyan, S., Suphaphiphat, P., Essex, M., and Lee, T.H. Relative
Concordance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Oligomeric and Monomeric
Envelope in CCR 5 Coreceptor Usage. Virology. 370:443-450 (2008).
Rowley, C.F., Boutwell, C.L., Lockman, S., and Essex, M. Improvement in
Allele-Specific PCR Assay with the Use of Polymorphism-Specific Primers for
the Analysis of Minor Variant Drug Resistance in HIV-1 Subtype C. J. Virol.
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Chigwedere, P., Seage, G.R. III, Lee, T.H., and Essex, M. Efficacy of
Antiretroviral Drugs in Reducing Mother to Child Transmission of HIV in Africa:
A Meta-Analysis of Published Clinical Trials. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses.
24:827–837 (2008).
Bae, W.H., Wester, C., Shapiro, R.L., Lockman, S., Onyait, K., Thior, I., and
Essex, M. Hematologic and Hepatic Toxicities Associated with Antenatal and
Postnatal Exposures to Maternal HAART in Infants in Botswana. AIDS. 22:1633–
1640 (2008). PMCID: PMC2664540.
Novitsky, V., Woldegabriel, E., Wester, C., McDonald, E., Rossenkhan, R.,
Ketunuti, M., Makhema, J., Seage, G.R, III, and Essex M. Identification of
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Chigwedere, P., Seage, G.R., III, Gruskin, S., Lee, T.-H., and Essex, M.
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V., and Marlink, R.G. Five-Year Outcomes of Initial Patients Treated in
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Essex, M. HIV/AIDS. In: Encyclopedia of Public Health. Kirch, W., ed. New
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Essex, M., and Lu, Y. HIV/AIDS: Lessons from a New Disease Pandemic. In:
Emerging Infections in Asia. Lu, Y., Essex, M., and Roberts, B., eds. New York:
Springer, pp. 133-142 (2008).
Novitsky, V., Lagakos, S., Herzig, M., Bonney, C., Kebaabetswe, L, Rossenkhan,
R., Nkwe, D., Margolin, L., Musonda, R., Moyo, S., Woldegabriel, E., van
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First Year of HIV-1 Subtype C Infection. Virology. 383:47–59 (2009). PMCID:
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Essex, M. Clades, Subtypes, Strains, Recombination and Reinfection: Clinical
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Novitsky, V., Woldegabriel, E., Kebaabetswe, L., Rossenkhan, R., Mlotshwa, B.,
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Boutwell, C.L., Rowley, C.F., and Essex, M. Reduced Viral Replication Capacity
of HIV-1 Subtype C Caused by CTL Escape Mutations in HLA-B57 Epitopes of
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Shapiro, R.L., Smeaton, L., Lockman, S., Thior, I., Rossenkhan, R., Wester, C.,
Stevens, L., Moffat, C., Arimi, P., Ndase, P., Asmelash, A., Leidner, J., Novitsky,
V., Makhema, J., and Essex, M. Risk Factors for Early and Late Transmission of
HIV via Breast-Feeding among Infants Born to HIV-Infected Women in a
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PMCID: PMC2696335.
Shipton, L.K., Wester, C.W., Stock, S., Ndwapi, N., Gaolathe, T., Thior, I.,
Avalos, A., Moffat, H.J., Mboya, J.J., Widenfelt, E., Essex, M., Hughes, M.D.,
and Shapiro, R.L. Safety and Efficacy of Nevirapine and Efavarinz-Based
Antiretroviral Treatment in Adults Treated for TB-HIV Co-Infection in Botswana.
Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. 13:360–366 (2009). PMCID: PMC2696339.
Armstrong, K.L., Lee, T.H., and Essex, M. Replicative Capacity Differences of
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McIntyre, J., Manongi, R., Kapiga, S., Coetzee, D., Allen, S., Inambao, M.,
Kayitenkore, K., Karita, E., Kanweka, W., Delany, S., Rees, H., Vwalika, B.,
Coombs, R.W., Morrow, R., Whittington, W., Corey, L., Wald, A., and Celum,
C., for the Partners HSV-2/HIV-1 Transmission Study Team. Characteristics of
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Bussmann, H., Wester, C.W., Thomas, A., Novitsky, V., Okezie, R., Muzenda, T.,
Gaolathe, T., Ndwapi, N., Mawoko, N., Widenfelt, E., Moyo, S., Musonda, R.,
Mine, M., Makhema, J., Moffat, H., Essex, M., DeGruttola, V., and Marlink, R.G.
Response to Zidovudine/Didanosine-Containing Combination Antiretroviral
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Outcomes from a Randomized Clinical Trial. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr.
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Novitsky, V., Wang, R., Kebaabetswe, L., Greenwald, J., Rossenkhan, R., Moyo,
S., Musonda, R., Woldegabriel, E., Lagakos, S., and Essex, M. Better Control of
Early Viral Replication Is Associated with Slower Rate of Elicited Antiviral
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Mine, M., Bedi, K., Maruta, T., Madziva, D., Tau, M., Zana, T., Gaolathe, T.,
Moyo, S., Seipone, K., Ndwapi, N., Essex, M., and Marlink, R. Quantitation of
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Viral Load in Plasma Using Reverse
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Rossenkhan, R., Ndung’u, T., Sebunya, T., Hagan, J., Shapiro, R., Novitsky, V.,
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Viral Load in Breast Milk by Single-Dose Nevirapine during Prevention of
MTCT. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 25:1261–4 (2009). PMCID:
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Doualla-Bell, F., Gaolathe, T., Avalos, A., Cloutier, S., Ndwapi, N., Holcroft, C.,
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Novitsky, V., Wang, R., Lagakos, S., and Essex, M. HIV-1 Subtype C
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Chigwedere, P. and Essex, M. AIDS Denialism and Public Health Practice. AIDS
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Kebaabetswe, P., Ndase, P., Mujugira, A., Sekoto, T., Ntshimane, M., Owor, A.,
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Rowley, C.F., Boutwell, C.L., Lee, E.J., MacLeod, I.J., Ribaudo, H.J., Essex, M,
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Makhema, J., Marlink, R., Gilbert, P., Seage, G.R. 3rd, DeGruttola, V., and
Essex, M. HIV-1 Subtype C Infected Individuals Maintaining High Viral Load as
Potential Targets for the “Test-and-Treat” Approach to Reduce HIV
Transmission. PloS One. 5:e10148 (2010). PMCID: PMC2853582.
Chen, J.Y., Ogwu, A.C., Svab, P., Lockman, S., Moffat, H.J., Gaolathe, T.,
Moilwa, S., Størdal, K., Dryden-Peterson, S., Moffat, C., Makhema, J., Essex, M.,
and Shapiro, R.L. Antiretroviral Treatment Initiation among HIV-Infected
Pregnant Women with Low CD4+ Cell Counts in Gaborone, Botswana. J. Acquir.
Immune Defic. Syndr. 54:102–6 (2010).
Teeravechyan, S., Essex, M., and Lee, T.H. Conserved Determinants of Enhanced
CCR5 Binding in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Subtype D Envelope Third
Variable Loop. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 26:481–8 (2010). PMCID:
PMC2864059.
Novitsky, V., Wang, R., Margolin, L., Baca, J., Moyo, S., Musonda, R., and
Essex, M. Dynamics and Timing of in Vivo Mutations at Gag Residue 242 during
Primary HIV-1 Subtype C Infection. Virology. 403:37–46 (2010). PMCID:
PMC2884147.
Shapiro, R.L., Hughes, M.D., Ogwu, A., Kitch, D., Lockman, S., Moffat, C.,
Makhema, J., Moyo, S., Thior, I., McIntosh, K., van Widenfelt, E., Leidner, J.,
Powis, K., Asmelash, A., Tumbare, E., Zwerski, S., Sharma, U., Handelsman, E.,
Mburu, K., Jayeoba, O., Moko, E., Souda, S., Lubega, E., Akhtar, M., Wester, C.,
Tuomola, R., Snowden, W., Martinez-Tristani, M., Mazhani, L., and Essex, M.
Antiretroviral Regimens in Pregnancy and Breast-Feeding in Botswana. N. Engl.
J. Med. 362:2282–94 (2010). PMCID: PMC2999916.
MacLeod, I.J., Rowley, C.F., Essex, M., and Lockman, S. Minor Resistant
Variants in Nevirapine-Exposed Infants May Predict Virologic Failure on
Nevirapine-Containing ART. J. Clin. Virol. 48:162–7 (2010). PMCID:
PMC2909836.
Lin, N.H., Negusse, D.M., Beroukhim, R., Giguel, F., Lockman, S., Essex, M.,
and Kuritzkes, D.R. The Design and Validation of a Novel Phenotypic Assay to
Determine HIV-1 Coreceptor Usage of Clinical Isolates. J. Virol. Methods.
169:39–46 (2010). PMCID: PMC2930119.
Lingappa, J.R., Hughes, J.P., Wang, R.S., Baeten, J.M., Celum, C., Gray, G.E.,
Stevens, W., Donnell, D., Campbell, M.S., Farquhar, C., Essex, M., Mullins, J.I.,
Coombs, R.W., Rees, H., Corey, L., and Wald, A. Estimating the Impact of
Plasma HIV-1 RNA Reductions on Heterosexual HIV-1 Transmission Risk. PLoS
One. 5:e12598 (2010). PMCID: PMC2938354.
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569.
570.
571.
572.
573.
574.
575.
Baeten, J.M., Lingappa, J., Beck., I., Freukel, L., Pepper, G., Wald, A., Fife, K.,
Were, E., Mugo, N., Sanchez, J., Essex, M., Makhema, J., Kiare, J., Farquhar, C.,
Corey, L., and Celum, C. Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Suppressive Therapy with
Acyclovir or Valacyclovir Does Not Select for Specific HIV-1 Resistance in
HIV-1/HSV-2 Dually Infected Persons. J. Infect. Dis. 203:117–21 (2011).
PMCID: PMC3024584.
Powis, K.M., Smeaton, L., Ogwu, A., Lockman, S., Dryden-Peterson, S., van
Widenfelt, E., Leidner, J., Makhema, J., Essex, M., and Shapiro R.L. Effects of in
utero antiretroviral exposure on longitudinal growth of HIV-exposed uninfected
infants in Botswana. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 56:131–8 (2011). PMCID:
PMC3023002.
Novitsky, V., Wang, R., Margolin, L., Baca, J., Rossenkhan, R., Moyo, S., van
Widenfelt, E., and Essex, M. Transmission of Single and Multiple Viral Variants
in Primary HIV-1 Subtype C Infection. PLoS One. 6:e16714 (2011). PMCID:
PMC3048432.
Gezmu, M., DeGruttola, V., Dixon, D., Essex, M., Halloran, E., Hogan, J.,
Grobler, A., Kim, S., McDermott, J., McKaig, R., and Neaton, J.D. Strengthening
Biostatistics Resources in Sub-Saharan Africa: Research Collaborations through
U.S. Partnerships. Stat. Med. 30:695–708 (2011). PMC Journal – In Process.
Marston, M., Becquet, R., Zaba, B., Moulton, L.H., Gray, G., Coovadia, H.,
Essex, M., Ekouevi, D.K., Jackson, D., Coutsoudis, A., Kilewo, C., LeRoy, V.,
Wiktor, S., Nduati, R., Msellati, P., Dabis, F., Newell, M.L., and Ghys, P.D. Net
Survival of Perinatally and Postnatally HIV-Infected Children: A Pooled Analysis
of Individual Data from Sub Saharan Africa. Int. J. Epidemiol. 40:385–96 (2011).
PMCID: PMC3140269.
Wright, J.K., Novitsky, V., Brockman, M.A., Brumme, Z.L., Brumme, C.J.,
Carlson, J.M., Heckerman, D., Wang, B., Losina, E., Leshwedi, M., van der Stok,
M., Maphumulo, L., Mkhwanazi, N., Chonco, F., Goulder, P.J.R., Essex, M.,
Walker, B.D., and Ndung’u, T. Influence of Gag-Protease-Mediated Replication
Capacity on Disease Progression in Individuals Recently Infected with HIV-1
Subtype C. J. Virol. 85:3996–4006 (2011). PMCID: PMC3126116.
Bussmann, H., de la Gomez, F., Roels, T., Wester, C.W., Bodika, S.M., Moyo, S.,
Taffa, N., Anderson, M., Mine, M., Bile, E.C., Yang, C., Mphoyakgosi, K.,
Lehotzky, E.A., Mlotshwa, B., Mmelesi, M., Seipone, K., Makhema, M.J.,
Marlink, R.G., Novitsky, V., and Essex, M. Prevalence of Transmitted HIV Drug
Resistance in Botswana: Lessons Learned from the HIVDR-Threshold Survey
Conducted Among Women Presenting for Routine Antenatal Care as Part of the
2007 National Sentinel Survey. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 27:365–72 (2011).
Gilbert, P.B., Berger, J.O., Stablein, D., Becker, S., Essex, M., Hammer, S.M.,
Kim, J.H., and Degruttola, V.G. Statistical Interpretation of the RV 144 HIV
Vaccine Efficacy Trial in Thailand: A Case Study for Statistical Issues in Efficacy
Trials. J. Infect. Dis. 203:969–75 (2011). PMCID: PMC3068028.
M. Essex
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576.
577.
578.
579.
580.
581.
582.
583.
Armstrong, K.L., Lee, T.H., and Essex, M. Replicative Fitness Costs of NonNucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Drug Resistance Mutations on HIV
Subtype C. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 55:2146–53 (2011). PMCID:
PMC3088272.
Lin, N.H., Smeaton, L.M., Giguel, F., Novitsky, V., Moyo, S., Mitchell, R.,
Makhema, J., Essex, M., Lockman, S., and Kuritzkes, D.R. Prevalence and
Clinical Associations of CXCR4-Using HIV-1 among Treatment-Naive Subtype
C-Infected Women in Botswana. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 57:46–50
(2011). PMC Journal – In Process.
Dryden-Peterson, S., Shapiro, R.L., Hughes, M.D., Powis, K., Ogwu, A., Moffat,
C., Moyo, S., Makhema, J., Essex, M., and Lockman, S. Increased Risk of Severe
Infant Anemia after Exposure to Maternal HAART, Botswana. J. Acquir. Immune
Defic. Syndr. 56:428–36 (2011). PMCID: PMC3112252.
Novitsky, V., Ndung’u, T., Wang, R., Bussmann, H., Chonco, F., Makhema, J.,
DeGruttola, V., Walker, B.D., and Essex, M. Extended High Viremics: A
Substantial Fraction of Individuals Maintain High Plasma Viral RNA Levels after
Acute HIV-1 Subtype C Infection. AIDS. 25:1515–22 (2011). PMC Journal – In
Process.
Powis, K.M., Kitch, D., Ogwu, A., Hughes, M., Lockman, S., Leidner, J., van
Widenfelt, E., Moffat, C., Moyo, S., Makhema, J., Essex, M., and Shapiro, R.
Increased Risk of Preterm Delivery among HIV-Infected Women Randomized to
Protease Versus Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor-Based HAART
During Pregnancy. J. Infect. Dis. 204:506–14 (2011). PMCID: PMC3144169.
MacLeod, I.J., O'Donnell, B., Moyo, S., Lockman, S., Shapiro, R.L., Kayembe,
M., van Widenfelt, E., Makhema, J., Essex, M., and Wester, C. Prevalence of
Human Papillomavirus Genotypes and Associated Cervical Squamous
Intraepithelial Lesions in HIV-Infected Women in Botswana. J. Med. Virol.
83:1689–95 (2011). PMCID: PMC3156037.
Cohen, M.S., Chen, Y.Q., McCauley, M., Gamble, T., Hosseinipour, M.C.,
Kumarasamy, N., Hakim, J.G., Kumwenda, J., Grinsztejn, B., Pilotto, J.H.S.,
Godbole, S.V., Mehendale, S., Chariyalertsak, S., Santos, B.R., Mayer, K.H.,
Hoffman, I.F., Eshleman, S.H., Piwowar-Manning, E., Wang, L., Makhema, J.,
Mills, L.A., de Bruyn, G., Sanne, I., Eron, J., Gallant, J., Havlir, D., Swindells, S.,
Ribaudo, H., Elharrar, V., Burns, D., Taha, T.E., Nielsen-Saines, K., Celentano,
D., Essex, M., Fleming, T.R., for the HPTN 052 Study Team. Prevention of HIV1 Infection with Early Antiretroviral Therapy. N. Engl. J. Med. 365:493–505
(2011). NIHMSID: NIHMS320818.
Gilbert, P.B., Berger, J.O., Stablein, D., Becker, S., Essex, M., Hammer, S.M.,
Kim, J.H., and DeGruttola, V.G. Statistical Interpretation of the RV144 HIV
Vaccine Efficacy Trial in Thailand: A Case Study for Statistical Issues in Efficacy
Trials. J. Infect. Dis. 203:969–75 (2011). PMCID: PMC3068028.
M. Essex
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584.
585.
Parekh, N., Ribaudo, H., Souda, S., Chen, J., Mmalane, M., Powis, K., Essex, M.,
Makhema, J., and Shapiro, R.L. Risk Factors for Very Preterm Delivery and
Delivery of Very-Small-for-Gestational-Age Infants among HIV-Exposed and
HIV-Unexposed Infants in Botswana. Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet. 115:20–5 (2011).
PMC Journal – In Process.
Dryden-Peterson, S., Jayeoba, O., Hughes, M.D., Jibril, H., Keapoletswe, K.,
Tlale, J., Modise, T.A., Asmelash, A., Moyo, S., van Widenfelt, E., Makhema, J.,
Essex, M., Shapiro, R.L., and Lockman, S. Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
versus Zidovudine for Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission in a
Programmatic Setting, Botswana. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 58:353–7
(2011). PMCID: PMC3196679.
In Press
586.
587.
588.
589.
Novitsky, V., and Essex, M. HIV Replication. In: HIV and Liver Diseases.
Springer. In press.
Rossenkhan, R., Novitsky, V., Sebunya, T.K., Leidner, J., Hagan, J., Moyo, S.,
Smeaten, L., Lockman, S., Musonda, R., Ndung’u, T., Gaseitsiwe, S., Thior, I.,
Mmalane, M., Makhema, J., Essex, M., and Shapiro, R. Infant Feeding Practices
Were Not Associated with Breast Milk HIV-1 RNA Levels in a Randomized
Clinical Trial in Botswana. AIDS Behav. In press.
Essex, M. and Novitsky, V. Prevention of HIV Infection in the Absence of a
Vaccine. In: Lu, Y., Roberts, B., and Essex, M., eds., HIV/AIDS Treatment in
Resource-Poor Countries: Public Health Challenges. Springer. In press.
Novitsky, V., Wang, R., Baca, J., Margolin, L., McLane, M.F., Moyo, S., van
Widenfelt, E., Makhema, J., and Essex, M. Evolutionary Gamut of in Vivo Gag
Substitutions during Early HIV-1 Subtype C Infection. Virology. In press.
Books
1980 Essex, M., Todaro, G.J., and ZurHausen, H. Viruses in Naturally Occurring
Cancers. Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. 2 volumes,
pp.1284.
1980 Hardy, W.D. Jr., Essex, M., and McClelland, A.J. Feline Leukemia Virus. New
York: Elsevier/North-Holland, Inc., pp. 562.
1984 Gallo, R.C., Essex, M., and Gross, L. Human T-Cell Leukemia Viruses. Cold
Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, pp. 398.
1990 Groopman, J.E., Chen, I.S.Y., Essex, M., and Weiss, R.A. Human Retroviruses:
UCLA Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology New Series. Vol. 119. New
York: Wiley-Liss, Inc., pp. 410.
M. Essex
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October 2011
1992 DeVita, V.T. Jr., Hellman, S., Rosenberg, S.A., Curran, J., Essex, M, and Fauci,
A.S. AIDS, Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention. 3rd ed. Philadelphia:
J.B. Lippincott Co., pp. 607.
1994 Essex, M., Mboup, S., Kanki, P.J., and Kalengayi, M.R. AIDS in Africa. 1st ed.
New York: Raven Press, pp. 728.
1997 DeVita, V.T. Jr., Hellman, S., Rosenberg, S.A., Curran, J., Essex, M., and Fauci,
A.S. AIDS, Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention. 4th ed. Philadelphia:
J.B. Lippincott Co., pp.746.
2002 Essex, M., Mboup, S., Kanki, P.J., Marlink, R., and Tlou, S., eds. AIDS in Africa.
2nd ed. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, pp. 724.
2004 Lu, Y., and Essex, M., eds. AIDS in Asia. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum
Publishers, pp. 736.
2008 Lu, Y., Roberts, B., and Essex, M. Emerging Infections in Asia. New York.
Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, pp. 250.
2010 Dow, U., and Essex, M. Saturday Is for Funerals. Cambridge: Harvard University
Press. pp. 218.
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