..PERIOD 5 FRAMEWORK (1844-77)
Chapters 13, 14, 15
HISTORICAL THINKING SKILL
1. Long Essay – Evaluate the effects of the growing sectional crisis of the mid 1800s on the nation’s major political
parties. Support your evaluation with specific historical evidence.
2. 2010 DBQ - The issue of territorial expansion sparked considerable debate in the period 1800–1855. Analyze this
debate and evaluate the influence of both supporters and opponents of territorial expansion in shaping federal
government policy. Use the documents and your knowledge of the years 1800–1855 in your answer
3. Long Essay - While most Americans believed Manifest Destiny was a positive and progressive movement, it should
be more factually described as aggressive imperialism that was pursued at the expense of many people. Support,
refute or modify this interpretation
4. Long Essay Drill- In the early nineteenth century, Americans sought to resolve their political disputes through
compromise, yet by 1860 this no longer seemed possible. Analyze the reasons for this change.
5. Long Essay – Causation: Analyze the impact of territorial expansion in the mid-1800s on sectionalism that led to the
Civil War. Use historical evidence to support your argument.
6. 2013 DBQ Drill- Analyze the causes of growing opposition to slavery in the United States from 1776 to 1852. In your
response, consider both underlying forces and specific events that contributed to the growing opposition.
7. Long Essay - The South never had a chance to win the Civil War. Support, refute or modify this interpretation.
8. 2009 DBQ - In what ways did African Americans shape the course and consequences of the Civil War? Confine your
answer to the years from 1861 to 1870.
9. Long Essay Drill– Comparison: Compare the resources available to the Union and Confederacy during the Civil War.
Use historical evidence to support your comparison.
10. Long Essay – Assess the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on the power relationship between the states
and the federal government. Use specific historical evidence to support your assessment.
11. Long Essay - Assess to what extent Reconstruction was a failure. Support your assertion with specific historical
evidence.
12. Long Essay – Analyze ways that philosophical and moral ideas were used to defend and challenge the dominant
economic and social order of the South from the antebellum era through Reconstruction. Support your assertion
with specific historical evidence.
13. Long Essay – Comparison: Compare the effects of Reconstruction on blacks and whites in the South. Use historical
evidence to support your comparison
14. 1987 DBQ – Sectionalism - "By the 1850's the Constitution, originally framed as an instrument of national unity, had
become a source of sectional discord and tension and ultimately contributed to the failure of the union it had
created." Using the documents and your knowledge of the period 1850-1861, assess the validity of this statement.
15. 1992 DBQ - To what extent did the natural environment shape the development of the West beyond the Mississippi
and the lives of those who lived and settled there? How important were other factors? Use BOTH evidence from the
documents AND your knowledge of the period from the 1840's through the 1890's to compose your answer.
16. DBQ - Analyze the political issues and debates, in the period between the writing of the Constitution and 1860, that
led to the Civil War.
AP THEME: WXT-4 and ID-4
GRADES
1. Frames: Manifest Destiny; Rising Sectionalism – Crisis of the 1850s; Sectionalism - Rise of the Republicans; Civil
War 1 and 2, Presidential Reconstruction, Rise of Radical Reconstruction, Congressional Reconstruction,
Abandonment of Reconstruction
2. CTJ including vocab, short answer, 5 minute Long Essay Drills and 15 minute DBQ Drills
3. Homework Journal
4. Multiple Choice test (chapters 13, 14, 15)
5. Long Essay and DBQ Essay
PROCEDURE:
1. Manifest Destiny – Period 5 ppt part 1- Acquiring Texas, Oregon, California, Mexican War and Mexican Session
a. Frames: Manifest Destiny Frame
b. CTJ Vocab entry on “54, 40 of Fight”, Wilmont Proviso
c. CTJ 15 minute drill and debate - DBQ – 2010 Territorial Expansion
d. Homework Journal – Chapter 13 The Sectional Debate
2. Rising Sectionalism – Period 5 ppt part 1- Free Soil Party, Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Controversy,
Know Nothing Party, Rise of Lincoln
a. CTJ 15 minute Drill - 2013 DBQ – Opposition to Slavery – Chapter 11
b. Frames: Rising Sectionalism – Crisis of the 1850s; Sectionalism – Rise of the Republicans
c. CTJ Short Answer #1
d. CTJ Vocab Entry – Kansas Nebraska Act, Free Soil Party
e. CTJ 5 minute drill on Long Essay – major political parties
f. CTJ 5 minute drill on Long Essay – aggressive imperialism
g. Homework Journal – Chapter 13 Crisis of the 1850s
3. Civil War – mobilization of the North and South, Road to Emancipation
a. CTJ 15 minute drill on 2009 Civil War DBQ
b. CTJ 5 minute Long Essay on South never had a chance to win the war
c. CTJ Vocab Entry – Crittenden Compromise
d. Frames: 1. Civil War Frame and Civil War – Northern Victory
e. Homework Journal – Chapter 14 sections 1-3
4. Reconstruction – Causes and Consequences – Period 5 ppt part 2
a. Frames: Presidential Reconstruction, Rise of Radical Reconstruction, Congressional Reconstruction,
Abandonment of Reconstruction
b. CTJ Short Answer #2
c. Homework Journal – Chapter 15 sections 1-4
d. Long Essay Impart of the Civil War and Reconstruction
HOMEWORK JOURNAL
Chapter 13 - The Impending Crisis
1. The Sectional Debate
2. Crisis of the 1850s
Chapter 14 – The Civil War
1. The Secession Crisis
2. Mobilization of the North
3. Mobilization of the South
Chapter 15 – Reconstruction and the New South
1. The Problems of Peacemaking
2. Radical Reconstruction
3. Abandonment of Reconstruction
4. The New South
CRITICAL THINKING JOURNAL
VOCABULARY TERMS
Chapter 13 – Road to Civil War
1. Manifest destiny
2. Texas Independence
3. Mexican experiment
4. American Intermediaries
5. Stephen Austin
6. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
7. Battle of the Alamo
8. Sam Houston
9. Battle of San Jacinto
10. Oregon
11. Conestoga wagons
12. Oregon Trail
13. James K. Polk
14. 54’40 or fight!
15. Mexican American War
16. California
17. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
18. The Mexican Cession
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
Wilmont Proviso
Popular sovereignty
Free Soil Party
California Gold Rush
Forty-Niners
Chinese migrants
Omnibus Bill
Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, Daniel
Webster
Compromise of 1850
Stephen Douglas, William Seward,
Jefferson Davis
Fugitive Slave Laws
Transcontinental Railroad
Gadsden Purchase
Kansas Nebraska Controversy
Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854
Know Nothing Party
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
Republican Party
Lawrence, KS vs. Lecompton, KS
John Brown
Bleeding Kansas
Charles Sumner vs. Preston Brooks
“The Crimes Against Kansas”
Young America
Ostend Manifesto
Free Soil Ideology
Slave Power Conspiracy
Nat Turner
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Abolitionists
The Pro-Slavery Argument
Dred Scott v. Sanford
Roger Taney
Lincoln-Douglas Debate
52. John Brown’s Raid (Harper’s Ferry,
VA)
Chapter 14 - Civil War
55. South Carolina
56. First Wave of Succession
57. Confederate States of America
58. Fort Sumter, SC
59. Crittenden Compromise
60. Second Wave of Succession
61. Five Civilized Tribes
62. Union Advantages
63. Border States
64. Southern Advantages
65. Homestead Act of 1862
66. Morrill Land Grant Act
Chapter 15 - Reconstruction
89. Republican Party: conservative,
radical and moderates
90. 10% Plan
91. Wade-Davis Bill and Manifesto
92. Johnson’s Plan - Restoration
93. Alexander Stephens
94. Black Codes
95. Joint Committee on
Reconstruction
96. Freedmen’s Bureau
97. 1866 Civil Rights Act
98. Civil War Amendments 13, 14, 15th
99. Carpetbagger
100. Scalawags
101. Redeemers
102. KKK
103. Swing Around the Circle – 1866
104. Reconstruction Act of 1867
53. 1860 Presidential Election
54. Republican Party Platform 1860
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
High tariffs
Union Pacific and Central Pacific
National Bank Acts of 1863-64
National Draft Law
Peace Democrats
NYC Draft Riots
Ex parte Merryman and Ex Parte
Milligan
74. Jefferson Davis
75. Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson,
Nathan Bedford Forrest
76. Federal income tax
105. Military Reconstruction Act
106. Command of Army Act
107. Tenure of Office Act
108. Johnson’s Impeachment
109. The Enforcement Act of 1860
110. Panic of 1873
111. The Greenback Party
112. Specie Redemption Act 1875
113. Seward’s Folly
114. Midway Islands
115. Ulysses S. Grant
116. Hamilton Fish
117. Treaty Washington
118. Slaughterhouse Cases
119. Bradwell v. Illinois
120. US v. Reese, et al
121. US v. Cruickshank
122. Compromise of 1877
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
Food draft
Emancipation Proclamation
Confiscation Acts
Antietam
13th Amendment
Appomattox court house
George McClellan
Gettysburg
Greenbacks
March to the sea
Ulysses s. grant
William Tecumseh Sherman
123. Readjuster Movement
124. Redeemer/Bourbons
125. Lost Couse Theory
126. Uncle Remus
127. American Tobacco Company
128. The New South
129. Crop-lien system and
Sharecropping
130. Booker T. Washington vs. WEB
Dubois
131. Atlanta Compromise
132. Civil Rights Act of 1875
133. Ida b. wells
134. Jim crow laws: poll tax, literacy
tests, grandfather clause
135. Plessy v. Ferguson
136. Cummings v. County Board of Ed
SHORT ANSWER
1.
A) Choose ONE of the events listed below, and explain why your choice best represents a growing division between North and
South. Provide at least ONE piece of evidence to support your explanation.
 The Kansas-Nebraska Act & “Bleeding Kansas”
 The Dred Scott Decision
 John Brown’s Raid at Harpers Ferry
 The Election of 1860
B) Contrast your choice against ONE of the other options, demonstrating why that option is not as good as your choice.
2. Use this image and your knowledge of the history of the United States to answer questions A and B
This 1852 advertisement is announcing publication of the "American Citizen," a short-lived newspaper
A) Explain the point of view in the image in the context of ONE of the following:
 Changes to urban life due to international migration
 Cultural developments as a result of international migration
 Labor issues and international migration
B) Compare the point of view you identified in (A) above to an alternative point of view about immigrants during this time period.
Use ONE piece of evidence to support this comparison.
THE BIG PICTURE:
As the nation expanded and its population grew, regional tensions, especially over slavery, led to a civil war — the course and
aftermath of which transformed American society.
Key Concept 5.1: The United States became more connected with the world as it pursued an expansionist foreign policy in the
Western Hemisphere and emerged as the destination for many migrants from other countries.
1. Enthusiasm for U.S. territorial expansion, fueled by economic and national security interests and supported by claims of
U.S. racial and cultural superiority, resulted in war, the opening of new markets, acquisition of new territory, and increased
ideological conflicts.
a. The idea of Manifest Destiny, which asserted U.S. power in the Western Hemisphere and supported U.S.
expansion westward, was built on a belief in white racial superiority and a sense of American cultural superiority,
and helped to shape the era’s political debates.
b. The acquisition of new territory in the West and the U.S. victory in the Mexican - American War were
accompanied by a heated controversy over allowing or forbidding slavery in newly acquired territories.
c. The desire for access to western resources led to the environmental transformation of the region, new economic
activities, and increased settlement in areas forcibly taken from American Indians. PERIOD 6
d. U.S. interest in expanding trade led to economic, diplomatic, and cultural initiatives westward to Asia. (clipper
ships, Commodore Matthew Perry’s expedition to Japan, missionaries)
2. Westward expansion, migration to and within the United States, and the end of slavery reshaped North American
boundaries and caused conflicts over American cultural identities, citizenship, and the question of extending and
protecting rights for various groups of U.S. inhabitants.
a. Substantial numbers of new international migrants — who often lived in ethnic communities and retained their
religion, language, and customs — entered the country prior to the Civil War, giving rise to a major, often violent
nativist movement that was strongly anti - Catholic and aimed at limiting immigrants’ cultural influence and
political and economic power. (parochial schools, Know - Nothings)
b. Asian, African American, and white peoples sought new economic opportunities or religious refuge in the West,
efforts that were boosted during and after the Civil War with the passage of new legislation promoting national
economic development. (Mormons, the gold rush, the Homestead Act)
c.
As the territorial boundaries of the United States expanded and the migrant population increased, U.S.
government interaction and conflict with Hispanics and American Indians increased, altering these groups’
cultures and ways of life and raising questions about their status and legal rights. (Mariano Vallejo, Sand Creek
Massacre, Little Big Horn) PERIOD 6
Key Concept 5.2: Intensified by expansion and deepening regional divisions, debates over slavery and other economic, cultural, and
political issues led the nation into civil war.
1. The institution of slavery and its attendant ideological debates, along with regional economic and demographic changes,
territorial expansion in the 1840s and 1850s, and cultural differences between the North and the South, all intensified
sectionalism.
a. The North’s expanding economy and its increasing reliance on a free labor manufacturing economy contrasted
with the South’s dependence on an economic system characterized by slave - based agriculture and slow
population growth.
b. Abolitionists, although a minority in the North, mounted a highly visible campaign against slavery, adopting
strategies of resistance ranging from fierce arguments against the institution and assistance in helping slaves
escape to willingness to use violence to achieve their goals.
c. States’ rights, nullification, and racist stereotyping provided the foundation for the Southern defense of slavery as
a positive good. (John C. Calhoun, minstrel shows)
2. Repeated attempts at political compromise failed to calm tensions over slavery and often made sectional tensions worse,
breaking down the trust between sectional leaders and culminating in the bitter election of 1860, followed by the secession
of southern states.
a. National leaders made a variety of proposals to resolve the issue of slavery in the territories, including the
Compromise of 1850, the Kansas – Nebraska Act, and the Dred Scott decision, but these ultimately failed to reduce
sectional conflict.
b. The second party system ended when the issues of slavery and anti - immigrant nativism weakened loyalties to the
two major parties and fostered the emergence of sectional parties, most notably the Republican Party in the North
and the Midwest.
c. Lincoln’s election on a free soil platform in the election of 1860 led various Southern leaders to conclude that their
states must secede from the Union, precipitating civil war.
Key Concept 5.3: The Union victory in the Civil War and the contested Reconstruction of the South settled the issues of slavery and
secession, but left unresolved many questions about the power of the federal government and citizenship rights.
1. The North’s greater manpower and industrial resources, its leadership, and the decision for emancipation eventually led to
the Union military victory over the Confederacy in the devastating Civil War.
a. Both the Union and the Confederacy mobilized their economies and societies to wage the war even while facing
considerable home front opposition.
b. Lincoln’s decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation changed the purpose of the war, enabling many African
Americans to fight in the Union Army, and helping prevent the Confederacy from gaining full diplomatic support
from European powers.
c. Although Confederate leadership showed initiative and daring early in the war, the Union ultimately succeeded
due to improved military leadership, more effective strategies, key victories, greater resources, and the wartime
destruction of the South’s environment and infrastructure. (Gettysburg, March to the Sea)
2. The Civil War and Reconstruction altered power relationships between the states and the federal government and among
the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, ending slavery and the notion of a divisible union, but leaving unresolved
questions of relative power and largely unchanged social and economic patterns.
a. The 13th Amendment abolished slavery, bringing about the war’s most dramatic social and economic change, but
the exploitative and soil - intensive sharecropping system endured for several generations.
b. Efforts by radical and moderate Republicans to reconstruct the defeated South changed the balance of power
between Congress and the presidency and yielded some short - term successes, reuniting the union, opening up
political opportunities and other leadership roles to former slaves, and temporarily rearranging the relationships
between white and black people in the South. (Hiram Revels, Blanche K. Bruce, Robert Smalls)
c. Radical Republicans’ efforts to change southern racial attitudes and culture and establish a base for their party in
the South ultimately failed, due both to determined southern resistance and to the North’s waning resolve.
3. The constitutional changes of the Reconstruction period embodied a Northern idea of American identity and national
purpose and led to conflicts over new definitions of citizenship, particularly regarding the rights of African Americans,
women, and other minorities.
a. Although citizenship, equal protection of the laws, and voting rights were granted to African Americans in the 14th
and 15th Amendments, these rights were progressively stripped away through segregation, violence, Supreme
Court decisions, and local political tactics.
b.
c.
The women’s rights movement was both emboldened and divided over the 14th and 15th Amendments to the
Constitution.
The Civil War Amendments established judicial principles that were stalled for many decades but eventually
became the basis for court decisions upholding civil rights.