Compound
Nomenclature
Functional Group
Solubility
Hydroxyl (-OH)
Melting/Boiling point (C)of
(M = ~ 60 g / mol)
-126 /100
Alcohols
Alkane –e + (carbon
number) ol
Ethers
Shorter chain with the
oxygen: Alkyl prefix + oxy
Alkoxy (-OR)
-113 / 7.5
Soluble in polar and nonpolar solvents
Aldehydes
Alkane –e +al
Carbonyl (-C=O)
-81 / 50
Soluble in polar solvents
Ketones
Alkane –e +(number)one
Carbonyl (-C=O)
-100 / 55
Carboxylic acids
Alkane –e + oic acid
Carboxylic (-COOH)
16 / 120
Soluble in non-polar
solvents (Slightly soluble in
polar solvents)
Soluble in polar solvents
Esters
Alkyl alkane –e +oate
Alkoxycarbonyl (-COOR)
-100 / 32
Soluble in non-polar
solvents
Amines
N-Alkyl name(s), (longest
chain) alkylamine
Amide (-N-R)
-83 / 50
Amides
N-Alkyl name(s), alkane
(from carboxylic acid) –e +
amide
Carboxamide (-COON)
79 / 220
Soluble in polar & nonpolar solvents dependant
on chain locations
Soluble in polar solvents
Soluble in polar solvents
Notes on solubility: The solubilities are listed for small carbon chains. The larger the chain the more soluble in non-polar solvents and less
soluble in polar solvents the organic chemical will be.