Geography 20F
Final Exam Review – 2013
Canada map – be able to label provinces/territories and their capital cities.
Definitions (matching):
Assimilate
Balance of trade
Basic industry
Basic service
Calcification
Canadian Shield
Cenozoic era
Coniferous tree
Continental climate
Convectional Precipitation
Cyclonic precipitation
Death rate
Deciduous tree
Dependency load
Economic base
Ecotourism
Emigration rate
Erosion
Extensive Agriculture
Faulting
Folding
Genetically modified organisms
Green Revolution
Gross domestic product (GDP)
High-order good/service
Humus
Igneous Rock
Immigration rate
Intensive Agriculture
Latitude
Leaching
Longitude
Low-order good/service
Mesozoic Era
Metamorphic rock
Migration
Paleozoic Era
Pangaea
Plate Tectonics
Precambrian Era
Prime Meridian
Relief precipitation
Renewable resource
Sedimentary Rock
Site
Situation
Sustainable Agriculture
Topography
Treaties
Weathering
Questions (multiple choice, true & false, short answer):
Units 1 & 2:
1. What is the only accurate method to represent the earth?
2. What is a general purpose map used for?
3. Why are thematic maps useful?
4. What do compass bearings measure?
5. What should your goal be any time you create a graph?
6. Why is Canada’s early involvement with remote sensing not surprising?
7. How do alphanumeric grid systems work (uses what and where are they placed)?
8. What is the purpose of daylight savings time?
9. What do each of the different colour shades (red, blue-green-grey and blue-black)
represent?
10. What are aerial photographs used for (to produce what)? What are these images used for?
11. What is Canada’s radarsat used for?
12. Explain what can happen when a map projection is used for a purpose for which it is not
designed. Provide specific examples.
13. Identify 3 “day to day” used for GIS (geographic information systems).
Unit 3:
14. What is a seismologist?
15. According to the textbook, how many years ago was the Earth formed?
16. What major forces builds UP the landscape?
17. What major forces erode the land?
18. Where do earthquakes and volcanoes occur the most (near what and why)?
19. What was the starting point for the theory of continental drift (the belief that the Earth’s
land mass started out as one large _____________ and that once they broke apart, they fit
together like __________________ pieces)?
20. What landform region is the largest in North America?
21. What is a metallic mineral?
22. Why is the Canadian Shield not very good for farming?
23. Why is the Canadian Shield also referred to as the Precambrian Shield?
24. Why don’t the Pre Cambrian rocks of the Canadian Shield contain fossil fuels?
25. Is the landscape of the Interior Plains truly flat? If no, what is it composed of?
26. Why are parts of the southern portion of Canada’s Interior Plains often called Canada’s
“breadbasket”?
27. What are 2 kinds of mineral deposits that lie below the surface of the Interior Plains?
28. What minerals are important in the Arctic Lowlands?
29. What kind of “wealth” has the underlying sedimentary rocks of the Coastal Lowlands
helped to produce?
30. What are the names of the 3 North American highland areas?
31. Why are the Innuitian Moutains barren?
32. Despite having similar types of minerals as the Appalachians, why haven’t the minerals of
the Innuitian Mountains been greatly exploited?
33. Where do most people live in the Western Cordillera?
34. How do glaciers shape the land?
35. During the last Ice Age, what parts of the Earth were completely or partially covered by ice
sheets?
36. During the last Ice Age, what happened to ocean levels?
37. What is the name of the glacial pond/lake that once covered much of Manitoba?
38. What is air pressure?
39. What does the term “natural vegetation” refer to?
40. Why is there little natural vegetation left in southern Canada?
41. Define weather. What atmospheric conditions does it include? How does climate differ
from weather?
42. How does the temperature of an ocean current affects the temperature of the air over it (if
the current is warm it does what? Cool?).
43. What are prevailing winds? What direction do they move air masses?
44. Define ecozone.
45. Explain the difference between a continental climate and a maritime climate, including
temperature ranges.
46. Identify 3 basic facts that help us understand why Canada’s climate has so much variety.
47. Identify and BRIEFLY describe the 3 different layers/horizons of a typical soil profile
(figure 12-2, pg. 141),
Unit 4:
48. Define birth rate.
49. Define immigration rate.
50. What is the “Rule of 70”?
51. How long would it take for a population to double with a growth rate of 4.0%?
52. What are comprehensive treaties (what do they deal with)? Why are they significant?
53. What is the purpose of signing a treaty?
54. What is a survey system? What did the “rules” determine (it controlled…..)?
55. Businesses that generate high incomes (such as malls, high end offices etc) tend to locate (in
areas where land values are what)? Where do businesses that require large areas of land
but generally produce low incomes normally locate? Why (in regards to land values)?
56. Where are the largest and fasted growing cities located (developed or developing
countries)? Why?
57. Identify any two factors which may cause people to have fewer children.
58. Identify any two advantages and two disadvantages of living in a resource based
community in a remote area.
59. Why would some people view assimilation as the best solution for Aboriginal people?
Why might some view it as harmful?
Unit 5:
60. What is the percentage of Canadians employed in tertiary industries?
61. Explain the difference between basic and non-basic industries, including an example for
each.
62. Identify 3 reasons as to why the tertiary sector of Canada’s economy has grown so large.
63. Identify the conditions that have produced outstanding fishing grounds on the East Coast
of Canada.
64. Identify the factors that have led to the collapse of both the East Coast and West Coast
fishing industry.
65. KNOW the difference between inshore and offshore fishing.
66. Identify the technological breakthroughs that resulted in dramatically increased food
production.
67. What is the difference between intensive vs. extensive farming?
68. What is the Green Revolution? What are the advantages of it?
69. What factors have caused people to leave farming?
70. Define, in your own words, and give a specific example of each of the following:
primary industry, secondary industry, tertiary and quaternary industry.
71. Agriculture depends on the interactions of a number of natural systems. Identify ANY
TWO of these systems and BRIEFLY indicate how each contributes to (or prevents)
successful agriculture.
72. “When our best farmland is lost to other uses, we can develop land elsewhere to replace
it.” Explain what is wrong with this point of view.