Lesson 23: Base Angles of Isosceles Triangles

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Lesson 23
NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM
M1
GEOMETRY
Lesson 23: Base Angles of Isosceles Triangles
Student Outcomes
๏‚ง
Students examine two different proof techniques via a familiar theorem.
๏‚ง
Students complete proofs involving properties of an isosceles triangle.
Lesson Notes
In Lesson 23, students study two proofs to demonstrate why the base angles of isosceles triangles are congruent. The
first proof uses transformations, while the second uses the recently acquired understanding of the SAS triangle
congruency. The demonstration of both proofs highlight the utility of the SAS criteria. Encourage students to articulate
why the SAS criteria is so useful.
The goal of this lesson is to compare two different proof techniques by investigating a familiar theorem. Be careful not
to suggest that proving an established fact about isosceles triangles is somehow the significant aspect of this lesson.
However, if necessary, you can help motivate the lesson by appealing to history. Point out that Euclid used SAS and that
the first application he made of it was in proving that base angles of an isosceles triangle are congruent. This is a famous
part of the Elements. Today, proofs using SAS and proofs using rigid motions are valued equally.
Classwork
Opening Exercise (6 minutes)
Opening Exercise
Describe the additional piece of information needed for each pair of triangles to satisfy the SAS triangle congruence
criteria.
a.
Given:
๐‘จ๐‘ฉ = ๐‘ซ๐‘ช
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…, ๐‘ซ๐‘ช
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ… ⊥ ๐‘ช๐‘ฉ
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…, or ๐’Ž∠๐‘ฉ = ๐’Ž∠๐‘ช
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ… ⊥ ๐‘ฉ๐‘ช
๐‘จ๐‘ฉ
b.
Prove:
โ–ณ ๐‘จ๐‘ฉ๐‘ช ≅ โ–ณ ๐‘ซ๐‘ช๐‘ฉ
Given:
๐‘จ๐‘ฉ = ๐‘น๐‘บ
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ… โˆฅ ๐‘น๐‘บ
๐‘จ๐‘ฉ
๐‘ช๐‘ฉ = ๐‘ป๐‘บ, or ๐‘ช๐‘ป = ๐‘ฉ๐‘บ
Prove:
Lesson 23:
โ–ณ ๐‘จ๐‘ฉ๐‘ช ≅ โ–ณ ๐‘น๐‘บ๐‘ป
Base Angles of Isosceles Triangles
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NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM
Lesson 23
M1
GEOMETRY
Exploratory Challenge (25 minutes)
Exploratory Challenge
Today we examine a geometry fact that we already accept to be true. We are going to
prove this known fact in two ways: (1) by using transformations and (2) by using SAS
triangle congruence criteria.
Here is isosceles triangle ๐‘จ๐‘ฉ๐‘ช. We accept that an isosceles triangle, which has (at
least) two congruent sides, also has congruent base angles.
Label the congruent angles in the figure.
Now we prove that the base angles of an isosceles triangle are always congruent.
Prove Base Angles of an Isosceles are Congruent: Transformations
While simpler proofs do exist, this version is included to reinforce the idea of congruence as defined by rigid motions.
Allow 15 minutes for the first proof.
Prove Base Angles of an Isosceles are Congruent: Transformations
Given: Isosceles โ–ณ ๐‘จ๐‘ฉ๐‘ช, with ๐‘จ๐‘ฉ = ๐‘จ๐‘ช
Prove: ๐’Ž∠๐‘ฉ = ๐’Ž∠๐‘ช
Construction: Draw the angle bisector โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—
๐‘จ๐‘ซ of ∠๐‘จ, where ๐‘ซ is the intersection of the
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…. We need to show that rigid motions maps point ๐‘ฉ to point ๐‘ช and
bisector and ๐‘ฉ๐‘ช
point ๐‘ช to point ๐‘ฉ.
โƒกโƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ— . Through the reflection, we want to demonstrate two pieces of information that map
Let ๐’“ be the reflection through ๐‘จ๐‘ซ
โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ— , and (2) ๐‘จ๐‘ฉ = ๐‘จ๐‘ช.
โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ— maps to ๐‘จ๐‘ช
๐‘ฉ to point ๐‘ช and vice versa: (1) ๐‘จ๐‘ฉ
Since ๐‘จ is on the line of reflection, โƒกโƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—
๐‘จ๐‘ซ, ๐’“(๐‘จ) = ๐‘จ. Reflections preserve angle measures, so the measure of the reflected
โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ— ) = โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—
angle ๐’“(∠๐‘ฉ๐‘จ๐‘ซ) equals the measure of ∠๐‘ช๐‘จ๐‘ซ; therefore, ๐’“(๐‘จ๐‘ฉ
๐‘จ๐‘ช. Reflections also preserve lengths of segments;
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ… still has the same length as ๐‘จ๐‘ฉ
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…. By hypothesis, ๐‘จ๐‘ฉ = ๐‘จ๐‘ช, so the length of the reflection is
therefore, the reflection of ๐‘จ๐‘ฉ
also equal to ๐‘จ๐‘ช. Then ๐’“(๐‘ฉ) = ๐‘ช. Using similar reasoning, we can show that ๐’“(๐‘ช) = ๐‘ฉ.
โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ— and ๐’“(๐‘ฉ๐‘ช
โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ— ) = ๐‘ช๐‘ฉ
โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ— . Again, since reflections preserve angle measures, the
โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ— ) = ๐‘ช๐‘จ
Reflections map rays to rays, so ๐’“(๐‘ฉ๐‘จ
measure of ๐’“(∠๐‘จ๐‘ฉ๐‘ช) is equal to the measure of ∠๐‘จ๐‘ช๐‘ฉ.
We conclude that ๐’Ž∠๐‘ฉ = ๐’Ž∠๐‘ช. Equivalently, we can state that ∠๐‘ฉ ≅ ∠๐‘ช. In proofs, we can state that “base angles of
an isosceles triangle are equal in measure” or that “base angles of an isosceles triangle are congruent.”
Lesson 23:
Base Angles of Isosceles Triangles
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Lesson 23
NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM
M1
GEOMETRY
Prove Base Angles of an Isosceles are Congruent: SAS
Allow 10 minutes for the second proof.
Prove Base Angles of an Isosceles are Congruent: SAS
Given: Isosceles โ–ณ ๐‘จ๐‘ฉ๐‘ช, with ๐‘จ๐‘ฉ = ๐‘จ๐‘ช
Prove: ∠๐‘ฉ ≅ ∠๐‘ช
โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ— of ∠๐‘จ, where ๐‘ซ is the intersection of the
Construction: Draw the angle bisector ๐‘จ๐‘ซ
bisector and ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
๐‘ฉ๐‘ช. We are going to use this auxiliary line towards our SAS criteria.
Allow students five minutes to attempt the proof on their own.
๐‘จ๐‘ฉ = ๐‘จ๐‘ช
Given
๐‘จ๐‘ซ = ๐‘จ๐‘ซ
Reflexive property
๐’Ž∠๐‘ฉ๐‘จ๐‘ซ = ๐’Ž∠๐‘ช๐‘จ๐‘ซ
Definition of an angle bisector
โ–ณ ๐‘จ๐‘ฉ๐‘ซ ≅ โ–ณ ๐‘จ๐‘ช๐‘ซ
SAS
∠๐‘ฉ ≅ ∠๐‘ช
Corresponding angles of congruent triangles are congruent.
Exercises (10 minutes)
Note that Exercise 4 asks students to use transformations in the proof. This is intended to reinforce the notion that
congruence is defined in terms of rigid motions.
Exercises
1.
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ… bisects ๐‘ฒ๐‘ณ
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
๐‘ฑ๐‘ฒ = ๐‘ฑ๐‘ณ; ๐‘ฑ๐‘น
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ… ⊥ ๐‘ฒ๐‘ณ
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
๐‘ฑ๐‘น
Given:
Prove:
๐‘ฑ๐‘ฒ = ๐‘ฑ๐‘ณ
Given
∠๐‘ฒ ≅ ∠๐‘ณ
Base angles of an isosceles triangle are congruent.
๐‘ฒ๐‘น = ๐‘น๐‘ณ
Definition of a segment bisector
∴ โ–ณ ๐‘ฑ๐‘น๐‘ฒ ≅ โ–ณ ๐‘ฑ๐‘น๐‘ณ
SAS
∠๐‘ฑ๐‘น๐‘ฒ ≅ ∠๐‘ฑ๐‘น๐‘ณ
Corresponding angles of congruent triangles are congruent.
๐’Ž∠๐‘ฑ๐‘น๐‘ฒ + ๐’Ž∠๐‘ฑ๐‘น๐‘ณ = ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ–๐ŸŽ°
Linear pairs form supplementary angles.
๐Ÿ(๐’Ž∠๐‘ฑ๐‘น๐‘ฒ) = ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ–๐ŸŽ°
Substitution property of equality
๐’Ž∠๐‘ฑ๐‘น๐‘ฒ = ๐Ÿ—๐ŸŽ°
Division property of equality
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
∴ ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
๐‘ฑ๐‘น ⊥ ๐‘ฒ๐‘ณ
Definition of perpendicular lines
Lesson 23:
Base Angles of Isosceles Triangles
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This file derived from GEO-M1-TE-1.3.0-07.2015
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Lesson 23
NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM
M1
GEOMETRY
2.
๐‘จ๐‘ฉ = ๐‘จ๐‘ช, ๐‘ฟ๐‘ฉ = ๐‘ฟ๐‘ช
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
๐‘จ๐‘ฟ bisects ∠๐‘ฉ๐‘จ๐‘ช
Given:
Prove:
๐‘จ๐‘ฉ = ๐‘จ๐‘ช
Given
๐’Ž∠๐‘จ๐‘ฉ๐‘ช = ๐’Ž∠๐‘จ๐‘ช๐‘ฉ
Base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal in
measure.
๐‘ฟ๐‘ฉ = ๐‘ฟ๐‘ช
Given
๐’Ž∠๐‘ฟ๐‘ฉ๐‘ช = ๐’Ž∠๐‘ฟ๐‘ช๐‘ฉ
Base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal in
measure.
๐’Ž∠๐‘จ๐‘ฉ๐‘ช = ๐’Ž∠๐‘จ๐‘ฉ๐‘ฟ + ๐’Ž∠๐‘ฟ๐‘ฉ๐‘ช,
๐’Ž∠๐‘จ๐‘ช๐‘ฉ = ๐’Ž∠๐‘จ๐‘ช๐‘ฟ + ๐’Ž∠๐‘ฟ๐‘ช๐‘ฉ
Angle addition postulate
๐’Ž∠๐‘จ๐‘ฉ๐‘ฟ = ๐’Ž∠๐‘จ๐‘ฉ๐‘ช − ๐’Ž∠๐‘ฟ๐‘ฉ๐‘ช,
3.
๐’Ž∠๐‘จ๐‘ช๐‘ฟ = ๐’Ž∠๐‘จ๐‘ช๐‘ฉ − ๐’Ž∠๐‘ฟ๐‘ช๐‘ฉ
Subtraction property of equality
๐’Ž∠๐‘จ๐‘ฉ๐‘ฟ = ๐’Ž∠๐‘จ๐‘ช๐‘ฟ
Substitution property of equality
∴ โ–ณ ๐‘จ๐‘ฉ๐‘ฟ ≅ โ–ณ ๐‘จ๐‘ช๐‘ฟ
SAS
∠๐‘ฉ๐‘จ๐‘ฟ ≅ ∠๐‘ช๐‘จ๐‘ฟ
Corresponding parts of congruent triangles are congruent.
∴ ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
๐‘จ๐‘ฟ bisects ∠๐‘ฉ๐‘จ๐‘ช.
Definition of an angle bisector
Given:
๐‘ฑ๐‘ฟ = ๐‘ฑ๐’€, ๐‘ฒ๐‘ฟ = ๐‘ณ๐’€
Prove:
โ–ณ ๐‘ฑ๐‘ฒ๐‘ณ is isosceles
๐‘ฑ๐‘ฟ = ๐‘ฑ๐’€
Given
๐‘ฒ๐‘ฟ = ๐‘ณ๐’€
Given
๐’Ž∠๐Ÿ = ๐’Ž∠๐Ÿ
Base angles of an isosceles triangle are
equal in measure.
๐’Ž∠๐Ÿ + ๐’Ž∠๐Ÿ‘ = ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ–๐ŸŽ°
Linear pairs form supplementary angles.
๐’Ž∠๐Ÿ + ๐’Ž∠๐Ÿ’ = ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ–๐ŸŽ°
Linear pairs form supplementary angles.
๐’Ž∠๐Ÿ‘ = ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ–๐ŸŽ° − ๐’Ž∠๐Ÿ
Subtraction property of equality
๐’Ž∠๐Ÿ’ = ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ–๐ŸŽ° − ๐’Ž∠๐Ÿ‘
Subtraction property of equality
๐’Ž∠๐Ÿ‘ = ๐’Ž∠๐Ÿ’
Substitution property of equality
∴ โ–ณ ๐‘ฑ๐‘ฒ๐‘ฟ ≅โ–ณ ๐‘ฑ๐’€๐‘ณ
SAS
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
๐‘ฑ๐‘ฒ ≅ ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
๐‘ฑ๐‘ณ
Corresponding parts of congruent triangles are congruent.
∴ โ–ณ ๐‘ฑ๐‘ฒ๐‘ณ is isosceles.
Definition of an isosceles triangle
Lesson 23:
Base Angles of Isosceles Triangles
This work is derived from Eureka Math ™ and licensed by Great Minds. ©2015 Great Minds. eureka-math.org
This file derived from GEO-M1-TE-1.3.0-07.2015
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Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
Lesson 23
NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM
M1
GEOMETRY
4.
Given:
โ–ณ ๐‘จ๐‘ฉ๐‘ช, with ๐’Ž∠๐‘ช๐‘ฉ๐‘จ = ๐’Ž∠๐‘ฉ๐‘ช๐‘จ
Prove:
๐‘ฉ๐‘จ = ๐‘ช๐‘จ
(Converse of base angles of isosceles triangle)
Hint: Use a transformation.
PROOF:
We can prove that ๐‘จ๐‘ฉ = ๐‘จ๐‘ช by using rigid motions. Construct the perpendicular bisector
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…. Note that we do not know whether the point ๐‘จ is on ๐’. If we did, we would
๐’ to ๐‘ฉ๐‘ช
know immediately that ๐‘จ๐‘ฉ = ๐‘จ๐‘ช, since all points on the perpendicular bisector are
equidistant from ๐‘ฉ and ๐‘ช. We need to show that ๐‘จ is on ๐’, or equivalently, that the
reflection across ๐’ takes ๐‘จ to ๐‘จ.
Let ๐’“๐’ be the transformation that reflects the โ–ณ ๐‘จ๐‘ฉ๐‘ช across ๐’. Since ๐’ is the perpendicular bisector, ๐’“๐’ (๐‘ฉ) = ๐‘ช and
๐’“๐’ (๐‘ช) = ๐‘ฉ. We do not know where the transformation takes ๐‘จ; for now, let us say that ๐’“๐’ (๐‘จ) = ๐‘จ′ .
Since ∠๐‘ช๐‘ฉ๐‘จ ≅ ∠๐‘ฉ๐‘ช๐‘จ and rigid motions preserve angle measures, after applying ๐’“๐’ to ∠๐‘ฉ๐‘ช๐‘จ, we get that ∠๐‘ช๐‘ฉ๐‘จ ≅
∠๐‘ช๐‘ฉ๐‘จ′ . ∠๐‘ช๐‘ฉ๐‘จ and ∠๐‘ช๐‘ฉ๐‘จ′ share a ray ๐‘ฉ๐‘ช, are of equal measure, and ๐‘จ and ๐‘จ′ are both in the same half-plane with
โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ— and โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—
โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ— .
respect to line ๐‘ฉ๐‘ช. Hence, ๐‘ฉ๐‘จ
๐‘ฉ๐‘จ′ are the same ray. In particular, ๐‘จ′ is a point somewhere on ๐‘ฉ๐‘จ
Likewise, applying ๐’“๐’ to ∠๐‘ช๐‘ฉ๐‘จ gives ∠๐‘ฉ๐‘ช๐‘จ ≅ ∠๐‘ฉ๐‘ช๐‘จ′ , and for the same reasons in the previous paragraph, ๐‘จ′ must
โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ— . Therefore, ๐‘จ′ is common to both ๐‘ฉ๐‘จ
โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ— .
โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ— and ๐‘ช๐‘จ
also be a point somewhere on ๐‘ช๐‘จ
The only point common to both โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—
๐‘ฉ๐‘จ and โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—
๐‘ช๐‘จ is point ๐‘จ; thus, ๐‘จ and ๐‘จ′ must be the same point, i.e., ๐‘จ = ๐‘จ′ .
Hence, the reflection takes ๐‘จ to ๐‘จ, which means ๐‘จ is on the line ๐’ and ๐’“๐’ (๐‘ฉ๐‘จ) = ๐‘ช๐‘จ′ = ๐‘ช๐‘จ, or ๐‘ฉ๐‘จ = ๐‘ช๐‘จ.
5.
Given:
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ… โˆฅ ๐‘ฟ๐’€
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…is the angle bisector of ∠๐‘ฉ๐’€๐‘จ, and ๐‘ฉ๐‘ช
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
โ–ณ ๐‘จ๐‘ฉ๐‘ช, with ๐‘ฟ๐’€
Prove:
๐’€๐‘ฉ = ๐’€๐‘ช
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
๐‘ฉ๐‘ช โˆฅ ๐‘ฟ๐’€
Given
๐’Ž∠๐‘ฟ๐’€๐‘ฉ = ๐’Ž∠๐‘ช๐‘ฉ๐’€
When two parallel lines are cut by
a transversal, the alternate
interior angles are equal.
๐’Ž∠๐‘ฟ๐’€๐‘จ = ๐’Ž∠๐‘ฉ๐‘ช๐’€
When two parallel lines are cut by
a transversal, the corresponding
angles are equal.
๐’Ž∠๐‘ฟ๐’€๐‘จ = ๐’Ž∠๐‘ฟ๐’€๐‘ฉ
Definition of an angle bisector
๐’Ž∠๐‘ช๐‘ฉ๐’€ = ๐’Ž∠๐‘ฉ๐‘ช๐’€
Substitution property of equality
๐’€๐‘ฉ = ๐’€๐‘ช
When the base angles of a triangle are equal in measure, the triangle is
isosceles.
Closing (1 minute)
๏‚ง
Would you prefer to prove that the base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal in measure using
transformations or by using SAS? Why?
Exit Ticket (3 minutes)
Lesson 23:
Base Angles of Isosceles Triangles
This work is derived from Eureka Math ™ and licensed by Great Minds. ©2015 Great Minds. eureka-math.org
This file derived from GEO-M1-TE-1.3.0-07.2015
204
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Lesson 23
NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM
M1
GEOMETRY
Name
Date
Lesson 23: Base Angles of Isosceles Triangles
Exit Ticket
For each of the following, if the given congruence exists, name the isosceles triangle and the pair of congruent angles for
the triangle based on the image above.
1.
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
๐ด๐ธ ≅ ๐ฟ๐ธ
2.
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ… ≅ ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
๐ฟ๐ธ
๐ฟ๐บ
3.
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ… ≅ ๐ฟ๐‘
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
๐ด๐‘
4.
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ… ≅ ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
๐ธ๐‘
๐บ๐‘
5.
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
๐‘๐บ ≅ ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
๐ฟ๐บ
6.
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
๐ด๐ธ ≅ ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
๐‘๐ธ
Lesson 23:
Base Angles of Isosceles Triangles
This work is derived from Eureka Math ™ and licensed by Great Minds. ©2015 Great Minds. eureka-math.org
This file derived from GEO-M1-TE-1.3.0-07.2015
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Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
Lesson 23
NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM
M1
GEOMETRY
Exit Ticket Sample Solutions
For each of the following, if the given congruence exists, name the isosceles triangle and the pair of congruent angles for
the triangle based on the image above.
1.
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ… ≅ ๐‘ณ๐‘ฌ
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
๐‘จ๐‘ฌ
2.
โ–ณ ๐‘จ๐‘ฌ๐‘ณ, ∠๐‘ฌ๐‘จ๐‘ณ ≅ ∠๐‘ฌ๐‘ณ๐‘จ
3.
โ–ณ ๐‘ณ๐‘ฌ๐‘ฎ, ∠๐‘ณ๐‘ฌ๐‘ฎ ≅ ∠๐‘ณ๐‘ฎ๐‘ฌ
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
๐‘จ๐‘ต ≅ ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
๐‘ณ๐‘ต
4.
โ–ณ ๐‘ต๐‘ณ๐‘จ, ∠๐‘ต๐‘ณ๐‘จ ≅ ∠๐‘ต๐‘จ๐‘ณ
5.
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ… ≅ ๐‘ณ๐‘ฎ
๐‘ณ๐‘ฌ
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
๐‘ฌ๐‘ต ≅ ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
๐‘ฎ๐‘ต
โ–ณ ๐‘ต๐‘ฎ๐‘ฌ, ∠๐‘ต๐‘ฎ๐‘ฌ ≅ ∠๐‘ต๐‘ฌ๐‘ฎ
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ… ≅ ๐‘ณ๐‘ฎ
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
๐‘ต๐‘ฎ
6.
โ–ณ ๐‘ฎ๐‘ณ๐‘ต, ∠๐‘ฎ๐‘ต๐‘ณ ≅ ∠๐‘ฎ๐‘ณ๐‘ต
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ… ≅ ๐‘ต๐‘ฌ
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
๐‘จ๐‘ฌ
โ–ณ ๐‘จ๐‘ฌ๐‘ต, ∠๐‘ฌ๐‘ต๐‘จ ≅ ∠๐‘ฌ๐‘จ๐‘ต
Problem Set Sample Solutions
1.
Given:
๐‘จ๐‘ฉ = ๐‘ฉ๐‘ช, ๐‘จ๐‘ซ = ๐‘ซ๐‘ช
Prove:
โ–ณ ๐‘จ๐‘ซ๐‘ฉ and โ–ณ ๐‘ช๐‘ซ๐‘ฉ are right triangles
๐‘จ๐‘ฉ = ๐‘ฉ๐‘ช
Given
โ–ณ ๐‘จ๐‘ฉ๐‘ช is isosceles.
Definition of isosceles triangle
๐’Ž∠๐‘จ = ๐’Ž∠๐‘ช
Base angles of an isosceles triangle
are equal in measure.
๐‘จ๐‘ซ = ๐‘ซ๐‘ช
Given
โ–ณ ๐‘จ๐‘ซ๐‘ฉ ≅ โ–ณ ๐‘ช๐‘ซ๐‘ฉ
SAS
๐’Ž∠๐‘จ๐‘ซ๐‘ฉ = ๐’Ž∠๐‘ช๐‘ซ๐‘ฉ
Corresponding angles of congruent
triangles are equal in measure.
๐’Ž∠๐‘จ๐‘ซ๐‘ฉ + ๐’Ž∠๐‘ช๐‘ซ๐‘ฉ = ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ–๐ŸŽ°
Linear pairs form supplementary angles.
๐Ÿ(๐’Ž∠๐‘จ๐‘ซ๐‘ฉ) = ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ–๐ŸŽ°
Substitution property of equality
๐’Ž∠๐‘จ๐‘ซ๐‘ฉ = ๐Ÿ—๐ŸŽ°
Division property of equality
๐’Ž∠๐‘ช๐‘ซ๐‘ฉ = ๐Ÿ—๐ŸŽ°
Transitive property
โ–ณ ๐‘จ๐‘ซ๐‘ฉ and โ–ณ ๐‘ช๐‘ซ๐‘ฉ are right triangles.
Definition of a right triangle
Lesson 23:
Base Angles of Isosceles Triangles
This work is derived from Eureka Math ™ and licensed by Great Minds. ©2015 Great Minds. eureka-math.org
This file derived from GEO-M1-TE-1.3.0-07.2015
206
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM
Lesson 23
M1
GEOMETRY
2.
3.
Given:
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ… โ€–๐‘ช๐‘ฌ
๐‘จ๐‘ช = ๐‘จ๐‘ฌ and ๐‘ฉ๐‘ญ
Prove:
๐‘จ๐‘ฉ = ๐‘จ๐‘ญ
๐‘จ๐‘ช = ๐‘จ๐‘ฌ
Given
โ–ณ ๐‘จ๐‘ช๐‘ฌ is isosceles.
Definition of isosceles triangle
๐’Ž∠๐‘จ๐‘ช๐‘ฌ = ๐’Ž∠๐‘จ๐‘ฌ๐‘ช
Base angles of an isosceles triangle are
equal in measure.
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
๐‘ฉ๐‘ญ โ€– ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…
๐‘ช๐‘ฌ
Given
๐’Ž∠๐‘จ๐‘ช๐‘ฌ = ๐’Ž∠๐‘จ๐‘ฉ๐‘ญ
If parallel lines are cut by a transversal,
then corresponding angles are equal in
measure.
๐’Ž∠๐‘จ๐‘ญ๐‘ฉ = ๐’Ž∠๐‘จ๐‘ฌ๐‘ช
If parallel lines are cut by a transversal,
then corresponding angles are equal in measure.
๐’Ž∠๐‘จ๐‘ญ๐‘ฉ = ๐’Ž∠๐‘จ๐‘ฉ๐‘ญ
Transitive property
โ–ณ ๐‘จ๐‘ฉ๐‘ญ is isosceles.
If the base angles of a triangle are equal in measure, the triangle is isosceles.
๐‘จ๐‘ฉ = ๐‘จ๐‘ญ
Definition of an isosceles triangle
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ… ≅ ๐‘จ๐‘ฉ
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…. In your own words, describe how transformations and the
In the diagram, โ–ณ ๐‘จ๐‘ฉ๐‘ช is isosceles with ๐‘จ๐‘ช
properties of rigid motions can be used to show that ∠๐‘ช ≅ ∠๐‘ฉ.
Answers will vary. A possible response would summarize the key
elements of the proof from the lesson, such as the response below.
It can be shown that ∠๐‘ช ≅ ∠๐‘ฉ using a reflection across the bisector of ∠๐‘จ.
The two angles formed by the bisector of ∠๐‘จ would be mapped onto one
another since they share a ray, and rigid motions preserve angle measure.
Since segment length is also preserved, ๐‘ฉ is mapped onto ๐‘ช and vice
versa.
Finally, since rays are taken to rays and rigid motions preserve angle
โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ— is mapped onto ๐‘ฉ๐‘จ
โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ— is mapped onto ๐‘ฉ๐‘ช
โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ— , and ∠๐‘ช is
โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ—โƒ— , ๐‘ช๐‘ฉ
measure, ๐‘ช๐‘จ
mapped onto ∠๐‘ฉ. From this, we see that ∠๐‘ช ≅ ∠๐‘ฉ.
Lesson 23:
Base Angles of Isosceles Triangles
This work is derived from Eureka Math ™ and licensed by Great Minds. ©2015 Great Minds. eureka-math.org
This file derived from GEO-M1-TE-1.3.0-07.2015
207
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
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