Chapter 24: Grammar Notes
Pluperfect and Future Perfect Verb Tenses
Below I have repeated the most important points found on pp. 213 and 218-219 of your textbook. Your
grammar questions will be drawn solely from the material below. The portions highlighted in yellow will
be blank on the quiz, and you will fill in the answers.
Pluperfect Tense Endings
Singular
Plural
1st person
-eram
-erāmus
2nd person
-erās
-erātis
3rd person
-erat
-erant
Singular
Plural
1st person
-erō
-erimus
2nd person
-eris
-eritis
3rd person
-erit
-erint
Future Perfect Tense Endings
1. A verb in the pluperfect tense describes an action that was completed before some other action in the
past took place.
2. Verbs in the pluperfect tense can nearly always be translated with had + main verb in English.
3. The endings of the pluperfect tense are the same for all Latin verbs, regular and irregular. They look
like the imperfect tense of esse. See the chart above.
4. The endings of the pluperfect tense are added to the perfect stem, which is found by dropping the –ī
from the end of the third principal part.
5. A verb in the future perfect tense describes an action that will have been completed before some other
action in future time begins.
6. Latin verbs in the future perfect are often best translated by the present tense in English. However,
the literal translation uses the helping verbs will have + main verb.
7. The endings of the future perfect tense are the same for all Latin verbs. They look like the future
tense of esse, except for the 3rd person plural. See the chart above.
8. The endings of the future perfect tense are added to the perfect stem, which is found by dropping the
–ī from the end of the third principal part.