41. Which of the following best expresses Voltaire's views concerning religion? a. Catholics should obediently follow the dictates of the pope b. Protestants should be excluded from French government service c. Religious unity is fundamental to enlightened monarchies d. Organized religion perpetuates superstition and ignorance e. Criticism of religious doctrines and authorities should be condemned
The two major points on the Deists’ creed were a.
The belief in an afterlife dependent upon one’s earthly actions and the existence of a rational God b.
The belief in the afterlife dependent upon one’s earthly actions and the existence of absolute principles c.
The belief in the existence of a rational God and the existence of absolute principles d.
The belief that God had not created human beings and that humans did not have a soul e.
The belief in the existence of absolute principles and the illogical nature of God’s existence
Which of the following figures came closest to atheism in their religious thinking? a.
Locke b.
Toland c.
Baron d’Holbach d.
Voltaire e.
Lessing
According to Ethics, the most famous of his works, this man closely identified God and nature, an idea for which his contemporaries condemned him a.
Mendelsohn b.
Hobbes c.
Descartes d.
Locke e.
Spinoza
This 18 th century philosopher was known as the “Jewish Socrates” a.
Mendelsohn b.
Descartes c.
Spinoza d.
Hobbes e.
Lessing
Pascal and other critics saw this as an exceptionally carnal or sexually promiscuousreligion because of his teaching that heaven was a place of sensuous delights a.
Judaism b.
Hinduism c.
Protestantism d.
Islam e.
Catholicism
The religious belief of the majority of the philosophes was a.
Catholicism b.
Lutherancottish philosopher Adam Smith, argued th c.
Calvinism d.
Deism e.
Atheism
Which of the following holds that God is no longer active in the world a.
Atheism b.
Liberalism c.
Conservatism d.
Deism e.
Calvinism
What was the “religion of the Enlightenment” ? a.
Protestantism b.
Agnosticism c.
Atheism d.
Rationalism e.
Deism
The Enlightenment concept of a remote God who does not interfere in the operations of his creation is a.
Theism b.
Pantheism c.
Deism d.
Atheism e.
Protestantism

Deists such as Voltaire believe that a.
God reveals himself through miracles b.
There is no God c.
God created the universe but then plays no additional role in shaping the course of events d.
A state church is necessary e.
Limited religious toletation should be encouraged
The 18 th century deists a.
Were atheists b.
Were part of the Great Awakening, and evangelical Christian movement c.
Believed in a rational world that operated according to natural law d.
Were reformers in the Church of England e.
Were similar to the pietists of Germany