Anatomy Scope and Sequence Units of the body – Overview 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Cells Tissues Organs Organ systems Integumentary system 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Doctor Registered nurse Anesthesiologist Personal trainer Athletic trainer Physical therapist Dentist Add some more… 6. Skeletal system 7. Muscular system 8. Cardiovascular system 9. Lymphatic system 10. Nervous system 11. Endocrine system 12. Respiratory system 13. Digestive system 14. Urinary system 15. Reproductive system Medical careers project Semester 1 Body cavities and serous membranes (Week 1) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Body cavities Dorsal body cavity Cranial cavity Vertebral cavity Meninges Ventral body cavity Thoracic cavity 8. Serous membrane 9. Pericardial cavity 10. Pericardium 11. Pleural cavity 12. Pleura 13. Mediastinum 14. Viscera 15. Diaphragm 16. Abdominopelvic cavity 17. Abdominal cavity 18. Peritoneum 19. Pelvic cavity Terms used to describe body structure (Week 1) Relative positions: 1. Superior 2. Inferior 3. Caudal 4. Anterior 5. Ventral 6. Posterior 7. Dorsal 8. Medial 9. Lateral 10. Intermediate 11. Ipsilateral 12. Contralateral 13. Proximal 14. Distal 15. Superficial 16. Deep 17. Ascending 18. Descending Body sections: 1. Sagittal 2. Transverse 3. Coronal 4. Frontal 5. Midsagittal 6. Oblique 7. Parasagittal Body regions: 1. Epigastric 2. Hypochondriac regions 3. Umbilical region 4. Lumbar regions 5. Hypogastric region 6. Iliac regions 7. Abdominal 8. Acromial 9. Antebrachial 10. Antecubital 11. Axillary 12. Brachial 13. Buccal 14. Carpal 15. Celiac 16. Cephalic 17. Cervical 18. Costal 19. Coxal 20. Crural 21. Cubital 22. Digital 23. Dorsal 24. Femoral 25. Frontal 26. Genital 27. Gluteal 28. Inguinal 29. Lumbar 30. Mammary 31. Mental 32. Nasal 33. Occipital 34. Oral 35. Orbital 36. Otic 37. Palmar 38. Patellar 39. Pectoral 40. Pedal 41. Pelvic 42. Perineal 43. Plantar 44. Popliteal 45. Sacral 46. Sterna 47. Sural 48. Tarsal 49. Umbilical 50. Vertebral Tissues (Weeks 2-3) Epithelial tissue: 1. Epithelial tissue 2. Lateral surfaces 3. Apical surfaces 4. Basal surfaces 5. Basement membrane 6. Basal lamina 7. Reticular lamina 8. Avascular 9. Covering and Lining Epithelium 10. Simple stratified epithelium 11. Pseudostratified epithelium 12. Squamos 13. Cuboidal 14. Columnar 15. Simple epithelium 16. Simple squamos epithelium 17. Simple cuboidal epithelium 18. Simple columnar epithelium 19. Microvilli 20. Ciliated simple columnar epithelium 21. Stratified epithelium 22. Stratified squamos epithelium 23. Stratified cuboidal epithelium 24. Stratified columnar epithelium 25. Transitional epithelium 26. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium 27. Glandular epithelium 28. Gland 29. Endocrine gland 30. Hormones 31. Exocrine gland 32. Duct 33. Merocrine 34. Apocrine 35. Holocrine Connective tissue: 1. Connective tissue 2. Extracellular matrix 3. Fixed cells 4. Fibroblasts 5. Collagenous fibers 6. Ligaments 7. Tendons 8. Elastic fibers 9. Reticular fibers 10. Macrophages 11. Mast cells 12. Loose connective tissue 13. Areolar connective tissue 14. Adipose tissue 15. Reticular connective tissue 16. Dense connective tissue 17. Cartilage 18. Bone 19. Osteocytes 20. Blood Muscle tissue: 1. Muscle tissue 2. Skeletal muscle tissue 3. Smooth muscle tissue 4. Cardiac muscle tissue Nervous tissue: 1. Nervous tissue 2. Neuroglial cells Integumentary System (Week 4-5) 1. Integumentary system 2. Epidermis 3. Stratum corneum 4. Stratum granulosum 5. Stratum spinosum 6. Stratum basale 7. Stratum lucidum 8. Keratinization 9. Melanin 10. Melanocytes 11. Skin cancer 12. Squamos cell carcinoma 13. Basal cell carcinoma 14. Melanoma 15. Basement membrane 16. Dermis 17. Hypodermis 18. Subcutaneous layer 19. Nails 20. Hair follicle 21. Hair root 22. Hair shaft 23. Sebaceous glands 24. Sebum 25. Sweat glands 26. Eccrine glands 27. Apocrine glands 28. Mammary gland Skeletal System (Weeks 6-7) Axial skeleton: 1. Axial skeleton 2. Skull 3. Cranium 4. Frontal bone 5. Parietal bone 6. Temporal bone 7. Sphenoid bone 8. Temporal bone 9. Occipital bone 10. External auditory meatus 11. Foramen magnum 12. Nasal bone 13. Ethmoid bone 14. Lacrimal bone 15. Zygomatic bone 16. Maxilla 17. Mandible 18. Hyoid 19. Vertebral column 20. Cervical vertebrae 21. Thoracic vertebrae 22. Lumbar vertebrae 23. Sacrum 24. Coccyx 25. Thorax 26. Sternum 27. Ribs Appendicular skeleton: 1. Appendicular skeleton 2. Clavicle 3. Scapula 4. Humerus 5. Ulna 6. Radius 7. Carpals 8. Metacarpals 9. Phalanges 10. Pelvic girdle 11. Ilium 12. Ischium 13. Pubis 14. Femur 15. Patella 16. Fibula 17. Tibia 18. Tarsals 19. Metatarsals 20. Phalanges Joint types: 1. Joint 2. Articulation 3. Fibrous 4. Suture 5. Cartilaginous 6. Synchondrosis 7. Symphysis 8. Synovial 9. Synovial fluid 10. Planar joint 11. Hinge joint 12. Pivot joint 13. Condyloid joint 14. Saddle joint 15. Ball-and-Socket joint 16. Strain 17. Sprain 18. Bursae 19. Tendon sheath Joint movements: 1. Flexion 2. Extension 3. Lateral flexion 4. Hyperextension 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Elevation 10. Depression 11. Protraction 12. Retraction Abduction Adduction Circumduction Rotation 13. Inversion 14. Eversion 15. Dorsiflexion 16. Plantar flexion 17. Supination 18. Pronation 19. Opposition The Muscular System (Weeks 8-9) Microscopic structure and function: 1. Skeletal muscle tissue 2. Cardiac muscle tissue 3. Smooth muscle tissue 4. Electrical excitability 5. Contractility 6. Extensibility 7. Elasticity 8. Fascicle 9. Muscle fiber 10. Slow fibers 11. Intermediate fibers 12. Fast fibers 13. Myofibril 14. Sarcomeres 15. H zone 16. I band 17. A band 18. Z disc 19. M line 20. Thick filament 21. Thin filament 22. Myosin tail 23. Myosin head 24. Actin 25. Troponin 26. Tropomyosin 27. Sliding filament model 28. ATPase 29. Acetylcholine 30. Muscle impulse 31. Acetylcholinesterase 32. Mitochondria 33. ATP 34. Hemoglobin 35. Myoglobin 36. Oxygen debt Skeletal muscle actions: 1. Origin 2. Insertion 3. Lever 4. Fulcrum 5. Effort 6. Resistance 7. Leverage 8. Agonist 9. Antagonist Skeletal muscles: 1. Frontalis 2. Temporalis 3. Masseter 4. Orbicularis oris 5. Sternocleidomastoid 6. Trapezius 7. Deltoid 8. Infraspinatus 9. Teres major 10. Teres minor 11. Latissimus dorsii 12. Biceps brachii 13. Brachialis 14. Triceps brachii 15. Palmaris longus 16. Pectoralis major 17. Pectoralis minor 18. Rectus abdominus 19. Serratus anterior 20. External oblique 21. Gluteus maximus 22. Rectus femorus 23. Biceps femoris 24. Semitendinosus 25. Sartorius 26. Vastus medialis 27. Vastus lateralis 28. Gracilis 29. Adductor magnus 30. Adductor longus 31. Pectinius 32. Gastrocnemius 33. Soleus The Nervous System (weeks 10-11) Nerve impulse: 1. Neurons 2. Resting potential 3. Threshold potential 4. Action potential 5. Sodium/Potassium channel 6. Stimulus 7. Synapse Spinal cord: 8. Cell body 9. Nucleus 10. Dendrites 11. Axon 12. Node of Ranvier 13. Myelin sheath 14. Schwann cells 15. Axon terminal 16. Sensory (afferent) neurons 17. Interneurons 18. Motor (efferent) neurons 19. Neurotransmitters 1. Spinal cord 2. Foramen magnum 3. Cervical enlargement 4. 5. 6. 7. Vertebral canal Lumbar enlargement White matter Gray matter 8. Dorsal root ganglion 9. Anterior horn 10. Posterior horn Brain: 1. Brain 2. Gyrus 3. Sulcus 4. Cerebrum 5. Corpus callosum 6. Frontal lobe 7. Parietal lobe 8. Temporal lobe 9. Occipital lobe 10. Insula 11. Ventricles 12. Cerebrospinal fluid 13. Diencephalon 14. Thalamus 15. Hypothalamus 16. Optic tracts 17. Optic chiasma 18. Posterior pituitary gland 19. Mammillary bodies 20. Pineal gland 21. Limbic system 22. Brainstem 23. Midbrain 24. Pons 25. Medulla oblangata 26. Cerebellum Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): 1. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) 2. Somatic nervous system 3. Cranial nerves 4. Sensory motor 5. Olfactory nerves (I) 6. Optic nerves (II) 7. Oculomotor nerves (III) 8. Trochlear nerves (IV) 9. Trigeminal nerves (V) 10. Abducens nerves (VI) 11. Facial nerves (VII) 12. Vestibulocochlear nerves (VIII) 13. Glossopharyngeal nerves (IX) 14. Vagus nerves (X) 15. Accessory nerves (XI) 16. Hypoglossal nerves (XII) 17. Spinal nerve 18. Dorsal root 19. Ventral root 20. Plexuses 21. Cervical plexuses 22. Brachial plexuses 23. Lumbosacral plexuses 2. Sympathetic division 3. Parasympathetic division Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): 1. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Semester 2 Sense Organs (Week 1) Touch: 1. Sensory receptors 2. Somatic senses 3. Sensation 4. Sensory adaptation 5. 6. 7. 8. Free nerve endings Meissner’s corpuscles Pacinian corpuscles Visceral pain 9. Referred pain 10. Endorphins 11. Serotonin 12. Special senses Taste: 1. Olfactory 2. Tongue 3. Taste buds 4. Sweet 5. 6. 7. 8. Sour Salty Bitter Umami 9. Alkaline 10. Metallic Auditory: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Outer ear Auricle External acoustic meatus Tympanic membrane Middle ear Auditory ossicles Optic: 1. Optic 2. Conjunctiva 3. Lacrimal gland 4. Extrinsic muscles 5. Superior oblique 6. Superior rectus 7. Medial rectus 8. Lateral rectus 9. Inferior rectus 7. Malleus 8. Incus 9. Stapes 10. Oval window 11. Auditory tube 12. Inner ear 13. Labarynth 14. Semicircular canals 15. Ampullae 16. Cochlea 17. Spiral organ 10. Inferior oblique 11. Cornea 12. Sclera 13. Optic nerve 14. Cilliary body 15. Suspensory ligaments 16. Iris 17. Lens 18. Pupil 19. Aqueous humor 20. Retina 21. Vitreous humor 22. Fovea centralis 23. Optic disc 24. Rods 25. Cones 26. Glaucoma The Endocrine system (Week 2) 1. Endocrine system 2. Hormones 3. Target cells 4. Paracrine 5. Autocrine 6. Steroid hormones 7. Lipids 8. Nonsteroid hormones 9. Binding site 10. Activity site 11. First messenger 12. Second messenger 13. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) 14. G protein 15. Adenylate cyclase 16. Enzyme 17. Phosphodiesterase 18. Prostoglandins 19. Negative feedback 20. Hypothalamus 21. Pituitary gland 22. Anterior pituitary 23. Posterior pituitary 24. Releasing hormones 25. Hypophyseal portal veins 26. Growth hormone 27. Prolactin 28. Thyroid-stimulating hormone 29. Adrenocorticotropic hormone 30. Follicle-stimulating hormone 31. Luteinizing hormone 32. Testes ovaries 33. Antidiuretic hormone 34. Oxytocin 35. Diuretic 36. Thyroid gland 37. Thyroxine 38. Triiodothyronine 39. Basal metabolic rate 40. Calcitonin 41. Parathyroid glands 42. Parathyroid hormone 43. Adrenal glands 44. Adrenal medulla 45. Adrenal cortex 46. Epinephrine 47. Norepinephrine 48. Aldosterone 49. Cortisol 50. Pancreas 51. Glucagon 52. Insulin Blood (Weeks 3) Blood composition: 1. Blood 2. Plasma 3. Hematocrit 4. Erythrocytes 5. Red blood cells 6. Biconcave 7. Hemoglobin 8. Oxyhemoglobin 9. Deoxyhemoglobin 10. Red blood cell count 11. Anemia 12. Sickle cell anemia 13. Macrophage 14. Heme 15. Globin 16. White blood cells 17. Leukocytes 18. Neutrophils 19. Eosinophils 20. Basophils 21. Monocytes 22. Lymphocytes 23. Antibodies 24. Immune response 25. White blood cell count 26. HIV/Aids 27. Platelets 28. Thrombocytes 29. Blood plasma 30. Plasma proteins 31. Albumins 32. Globulins 33. Fibrinogen 34. Oxygen 35. Carbon dioxide Blood clotting: 1. Hemostasis 2. Vasospam 3. Platelet plug 4. Serotonin 5. Coagulation 6. Blood clot 7. Clotting factors 8. Fibrin 9. Prothrombin 10. Thrombin 11. Serum 12. Fibroblasts 13. Thrombus 14. Embolus 15. Atherosclerosis Blood groups and transfusions: 1. Antigen 2. Antibody 3. Agglutination 4. ABO blood group 5. Type A 6. Type B 7. Type AB 8. Type O 9. Anti-A 10. Anti-B 11. Antigen A 12. Antigen B 13. Universal donor 14. Universal recipient 15. Rh blood group 16. Antigen D 17. Rh-positive 18. Rh-negative The Cardiovascular System (Weeks 4-5) Heart: 1. Heart 2. Pulmonary circuit 3. Systemic circuit 4. Oxygenated blood 5. Deoxygenated blood 6. Pericardium 7. Epicardium 8. Myocardium 9. Endocardium 10. Superior vena cava 11. Inferior vena cava 12. Right atrium 13. Tricuspid valve 14. Chordae tendineae 15. Papillary muscles 16. Right ventricle 17. Pulmonary valve 18. Pulmonary arteries 19. Lungs 20. Alveolus 21. Alveolar capillaries 22. Pulmonary veins 23. Left atrium 24. Mitral valve 25. Left ventricle 26. Aortic valve 27. Aorta 28. Systemic capillaries 29. Interventricular septum 30. Systole 31. Diastole 32. Cardiac cycle 33. Sinoatrial node 34. Pacemaker 35. Atrioventricular node 36. Purkinje fibers 37. Electrocardiogram Blood vessel structure: 1. Arteries 2. Arterioles 3. Tunica externa 4. Tunica media 5. Tunica interna 6. Lumen 7. Vasoconstriction 8. Vasodilation 9. Capillaries 10. Veins 11. Venules 12. Valves 13. Blood pressure 14. Systolic pressure 15. Diastolic pressure 16. Pulse 9. Ulnar artery 10. Coronary arteries 11. Thoracic aorta 12. Bronchial artery 13. Pericardial artery 14. Esophageal artery 15. Mediastinal artery 16. Posterior intercostals artery 17. Abdominal aorta 18. Celiac artery 19. Hepatic artery 20. Gastric arteries 21. Splenic artery 22. Suprarenal artery Arterial system: 1. Ascending aorta 2. Aortic arch 3. Common carotid arteries 4. Subclavian arteries 5. Brachiocephalic artery 6. Axillary artery 7. Brachial artery 8. Radial artery 23. Right renal artery 24. Superior mesenteric artery 25. Lumbar artery 26. Gonadel artery 27. Inferior mesenteric artery 28. Middle sacral artery 29. Common iliac arteries 30. Femoral artery 31. Popliteal artery 32. Anterior tibial artery 33. Posterior tibial artery 34. Dorsalis pedis artery Venous system: 1. Superior vena cava 2. Brachiocephalic vein 3. Internal jugular vein 4. External jugular vein 5. Subclavian vein 6. Axillary vein 7. Cephalic vein 8. Brachial vein 9. Basilica vein 10. Radial vein 11. Ulnar vein 12. Azygos vein 13. Inferior vena cava 14. Hepatic portal vein 15. Gastric veins 16. Splenic vein 17. Inferior mesenteric vein 18. Common iliac vein 19. External iliac vein 20. Femoral vein 21. Great saphenous vein 22. Popliteal vein 23. Posterior tibial vein 24. Anterior tibial vein Lymphatic System (Weeks 6) Structure and function 1. Lymphatic system 2. Lymphatic pathways 3. Lymphatic capillaries 4. Lymph 5. Lymphatic vessels 6. Lymph nodes 7. Right lymphatic duct 8. Thoracic duct Immune response 1. Pathogen 2. Infection 3. Nonspecific defense 4. Specific defense 5. Immunity 6. Species resistance 7. Mechanical barriers 8. First line of defense 9. Second line of defense 10. Chemical barriers 11. Interferons 12. Complement 13. Natural killer cells 14. Perforins 15. Inflammation 9. Hydrostatic pressure 10. Osmosis 11. Lymphocytes 12. Macrophages 13. B cells 14. Cervical lymph node 15. Thoracic lymph node 16. Axillary lymph node 17. Supratrochlear lymph node 18. Abdominal lymph node 19. Pelvic lymph node 20. Inguinal lymph node 21. Thymus 22. Spleen 16. Pus 17. Phagocytosis 18. Neutrophils 19. Monocytes 20. Macrophages 21. Fever 22. Third line of defense 23. Antigen 24. Red bone marrow 25. T cells 26. B cells 27. Plasma cells 28. Antibodies 29. Immunoglobulins 30. Humoral immune response 31. Clone 32. Antigen-presenting cell 33. Memory cells 34. HIV/Aids 35. Primary immune response 36. Secondary immune response 37. Vaccine 38. Allergens 39. Tissue rejection reaction 40. Autoimmune disorder The Digestive System ( Weeks 7-8) Organs and processes: 1. Digestive system 2. Alimentary canal 3. Alimentary canal wall 4. Mucosa 5. Lumen 6. Submucosa 7. Muscular layer 8. Serosa 9. Peristalsis 10. Cheeks 11. Lips 12. Tongue 13. Papillae 14. Palate 15. Uvula 16. Palatine tonsils 17. Pharyngeal tonsils 18. Teeth 19. Salivary glands 20. Serous cells 21. Mucous cells 22. Salivary amylase 23. Mucous 24. Parotid glands 25. Submandibular glands 26. Sublingual glands 27. Pharynx 28. Bolus 29. Esophagus 30. Lower esophageal sphincter 31. Heartburn 32. Stomach 33. Cardiac region 34. Fundic region 35. Body region 36. Pyloric region 37. Pyloric sphincter 38. Gastric juice 39. Pepsin 40. Hydrochloric acid 41. Pepsinogin 42. Intrinsic factor 43. Chime 44. Pancreas 45. Pancreatic amylase 46. Pancreatic lipase 47. Nucleases 48. Secretion 49. Pancreatic duct 50. Liver 51. Heptic lobules 52. Hepatic sinusoids 53. Hepatic portal vein 54. Common hepatic duct 55. Bile 56. Gall bladder 57. Cystic duct 58. Common bile duct 59. Bile salts 60. Emulsification 61. Small intestine 62. Duodenum 63. Jejunum 64. Ileum 65. Mesentery 66. Intestinal villi 67. Goblet cells 68. Absorption 69. Ileocecal sphincter 70. Large intestine 71. Cecum 72. Ascending colon 73. Transverse colon 74. Descending colon 75. Sigmoid colon 76. Rectum 77. Anal canal 78. Anus 79. Internal anal sphincter muscle 80. External anal sphincter muscle 81. Feces Nutrition: 1. Nutrients 2. Macronutrients 3. Micronutrients 4. Calorie 5. Essential nutrients 6. Carbohydrates 7. Cellulose 8. Glucose 9. Glycogen 10. Lipids 11. Triglycerides 12. Cholesterol 13. Phospholipids 14. Essential fatty acids 15. High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) 16. Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) 17. Adipose tissue 18. Glycerol 19. Fatty acids 20. Proteins 21. Amino acids 22. Essential amino acids 23. Complete proteins 24. Vitamins 25. Fat-soluble 26. Vitamin A 27. Vitamin D 28. Vitamin E 29. Vitamin K 30. Water-soluble 31. B vitamins 32. Vitamin C 33. Folic acid 34. Biotin 35. Minerals 36. Inorganic 37. Calcium 38. Phosphate 39. Trace elements 40. Iron 41. Manganese 42. Copper 43. Iodine 44. Cobalt 45. Zinc 46. Fluorine 47. Selenium 48. Chromium 49. Malnutrition 50. Obesity 51. Anorexia 52. USDA 53. Food pyramid 54. Body Mass Index (BMI) The Respiratory System (Weeks 9-10) Respiratory anatomy: 1. Respiratory system 2. Respiration 3. Breathing 4. Upper respiratory tract 5. 6. 7. 8. Lower respiratory tract Nose Nostrils Nasal cavity 9. Nasal septum 10. Nasal conchae 11. Mucous 12. Paranasal sinuses 13. Pharynx 14. Larynx 15. Vocal cords 16. Thyroid cartilage 17. Cricoids cartilage 18. Epiglottic cartilages 19. Vocal folds 20. Hyoid bone 21. Glottis 22. Epiglottis 23. Trachea 24. Hyaline cartilage 25. Bronchial tree 26. Primary bronci 27. Bronchioles 28. Alveolar ducts 29. Alveolar sacs 30. Alveoli 31. Lungs 32. Visceral pleura 33. Parietal pleura 34. Pleural cavity 35. Lobes Respiratory physiology: 1. Inhalation 2. Inspiration 3. Exhalation 4. Expiration 5. Diaphragm 6. Atmospheric pressure 7. Intra-alveolar pressure 8. Tidal volume 9. Inspiratory reserve volume 10. Expiratory reserve volume 11. Residual volume 12. Inspiratory capacity 13. Functional residual capacity 14. Vital capacity 15. Total lung capacity 16. Pons 17. Medulla oblongata 18. Alveoli 19. Respiratory membrane 20. Blood 21. Oxygen 22. Carbon dioxide 23. Diffusion 24. Hemoglobin 25. Oxyhemoglobin 26. Carbaminohemoglobin 27. Bicarbonate ions 28. Carbonic acid 29. Carbonic anhydrase 30. Hydrogen ions 31. Smoking 32. Carbon monoxide 33. Cystic fibrosis The Urinary System (Week 11) 1. Urinary system 2. Kidney 3. Retroperitoneally 4. Renal sinus 5. Renal pelvis 6. Renal medulla 7. Renal cortex 8. Nephrons 9. Homeostasis 10. Renal corpuscle 11. Renal tubule 12. Glomerulus 13. Glomerular capsule 14. Afferent arteriole 15. Efferent arteriole 16. Filtration 17. Proximal convoluted tubule 18. Reabsorption 19. Osmotic pressure 20. Osmosis 21. Passive transport 22. Sodium 23. Water 24. Descending limb 25. Loop of Henle 26. Ascending limb 27. Distal convoluted tubule 28. Collecting duct 29. Urine 30. Aldosterone 31. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 32. Urea 33. Uric acid 34. Ureters 35. Urinary bladder 36. Pelvic cavity 37. Prostate gland 38. Urethra The Reproductive System (Week 12) Male: 1. Gonads 2. Testes 3. Scrotum 4. Penis 5. Glans penis 6. Prepuce 7. Seminiferous tubules 8. Epididymis 9. Ductus deferens 10. Spermatogenic cells 11. Interstitial cells 12. Sperm cells 13. Head 14. Acrosome 15. Nucleus 16. Midpiece 17. Tail 18. Haploid cell 19. Epididymides 20. Ductus deferentia 21. Ejaculatory duct 22. Seminal vesicles 23. Fructose 24. Prostaglandins 25. Prostate gland 26. Bulbourethral glands 27. Semen 28. Testosterone Female: 1. Ovaries 2. Primordial follicles 3. Primary oocyte 4. Follicular cells 5. Oocytes 6. Oogenesis 7. Polar bodies 8. Zygote 9. Diploid cell 10. Ovulation 11. Anterior pituitary gland 12. Uterine tubes 13. Fallopian tubes 14. Oviducts 15. Uterus 16. Embryo 17. Cervix 18. Vagina 19. Estrogen 20. Progesterone Birth control: 1. Birth control 2. Contraception 3. Fertilization 4. Coitus interruptus 5. Abstinence 6. Rhythm method 7. Mechanical barriers 8. Male condom 9. Female condom 10. Diaphragm 11. Cervical cap 12. Chemical barriers 13. Birth control pill 14. Depo-Provera 15. Intrauterine device (IUD) 16. Vasectomy 17. Tubal ligation