Genetics Unit Test (Chapter 5) Study Guide: Test is Tuesday, April 21st
IMPORTANT INFO: In addition to this study guide, please use the review power points, review videos, and
review games on Ms. Magan's webpage and the genetics related documents on your Google Drive to help
prepare for the test. The test covers all of Chapter 5 – Genetics.
PLEASE NOTE: These are not the questions on the test. Your ability to answer the items on this study guide
will improve your ability to answer similar/related questions on the test. If you would like to ask any
questions or have any part of your study guide checked, see Mrs. Reed, Ms. Magan, and Mrs. Caiola during
your lunch on Thursday, April 16th or Monday, April 20th.
1. Know and be able to apply the definitions of the following key terms below:

Genetics

Phenotype

Heredity

Genotype

Trait

Punnett Square

Genes

Codominance and the resulting traits

Alleles

Incomplete dominance and the resulting traits

Dominant

Sex-linked traits

Recessive

Multiple alleles (ex. blood type – A, B, O)

Hybrid

Pedigree

Purebred

Transcription

Homozygous

Translation

Heterozygous

Mutation

Chromosomes

Genetic Code

Probability
2. Know the following scientists and their contribution to genetics:

Gregor Mendel

Francis Crick

James Watson

Rosalind Franklin
3. Identify the following as homozygous dominant (HoD), homozygous recessive (HoR), or heterozygous (He).
______ Tt
______ MM
_____kk
______LL
_______Cc
_____vv
______Yy
4. For each genotype, identify the phenotype: Red flowers are dominant to white flowers.
RR ________________
Rr _________________
rr _________________
Black hair is dominant over gray hair.
BB ________________
Bb _________________
bb _________________
5. For each phenotype below, identify the genotype. There may be more than one genotype for each
phenotype.
Green seeds are dominant to yellow seeds.
Green __________________________________
Yellow _____________________________
Long whiskers are dominant over short whiskers.
Long whiskers ___________________________
Short whiskers _______________________
6. What genotype results in a female? _______________
What genotype results in a male? __________________
7. Punnett Squares: For each scenario below, create a Punnett Square and show the possible percent of
phenotype for each offspring.
a. A woman that is heterozygous for blue eyes marries a man who is
homozygous dominant for blue eyes, instead of green eyes. Create a Punnett
Square to show the possible offspring.
Percentage of offspring with blue eyes: __________%
Percentage of offspring with green eyes: __________%
b. A yellow body sponge that is homozygous recessive for this trait is crossed with
a green body sponge that is heterozygous for this trait. Create a Punnett Square
to show the possible offspring.
Percentage of offspring with yellow body: __________%
Percentage of offspring with green body: __________%
c. Codominance: A red rose (RR) is crossed with a white rose (WW). Create a
Punnett Square to show the possible offspring.
Percentage of offspring with white color: ____________%
Percentage of offspring with red color: _______________%
Percentage of offspring with mixed red and white: __________%
d. Incomplete Dominance: Two people with medium height (Tt) are crossed. Create
a Punnett Square to show the possible offspring.
Percentage of offspring with tall height: __________%
Percentage of offspring with medium height: __________%
Percentage of offspring with short height: __________%
e. Sex-Linked Traits: A man with colorblindness (XbY), a recessive trait on the X
chromosome, does not want his children to be colorblind, but he is okay if the
children are carriers of the colorblindness trait. What should the genotype be of his
wife to ensure that no offspring will be colorblind? Use a Punnett Square to help
you determine the genotype.
Genotype of the wife: ________________
f. Multiple Alleles: A mom has blood type A and dad has blood type B and together
they have a child with blood type O. What is the genotype for both mom and dad?
Use a Punnett Square to help you determine the genotype of each parent.
Genotype for mom: ______________
Genotype for dad: ________________
8. DNA and RNA: Fill in the chart below to show the differences between DNA and RNA:
DNA
RNA
Number of Strands
Type of Sugar
Nitrogen Bases
Nitrogen Base Pairing
9. What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?
What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA)?
10. What is transcription and where does it take place?
What is translation and where does it take place?
11. List the steps of protein synthesis:




Where in the cell are the proteins produced/assembled? _______________________________
What are the building blocks of proteins? ___________________________________________
12. Label the following in the protein synthesis diagram below: Word Bank - tRNA, protein chain, amino acid,
mRNA, and ribosome. (The Word Bank will not be included on the actual test.)
1. _______________
2. _______________
3._______________
4. _______________
5. _______________
What are the three nitrogen bases in tRNA that pair with the base AUG in mRNA? __________
13. Using the codon chart, answer the following
questions:
a. Suppose one strand of DNA has the following nitrogen
base sequence:
TAC
TCC
GTC
AAT
ACT
What would be the order of the nitrogen bases on the
other strand of DNA? *Remember the base pairing rules!
____________________________________________________________________
What would be the order of nitrogen bases on mRNA from the initial DNA sequence listed below?
(remember the base pairing rules and the nitrogen bases found on RNA)
Here is the original DNA sequence: TAC
TCC
GTC
AAT
ACT
The mRNA sequence would be: _____________________________________________
Using the mRNA sequence (created above) and the genetic code, what amino acids would be included in the
protein chain? _____________________________________________________
Would any additional amino acids be attached to this particular chain? Explain.
____________________________________________________________________________
b. Suppose one strand of DNA has the following nitrogen base sequence:
TACTCGCCCAAGCTC
What would be the order of the nitrogen bases on the other strand of DNA? *Remember the base pairing
rules! ___________________________________________________________
What would be the order of nitrogen bases on mRNA from the initial DNA sequence? (Remember the base
pairing rules and the nitrogen bases found on RNA)
Initial DNA sequence is: TACTCGCCCAATGCTC
__________________________________________________________
Using the mRNA sequence and the genetic code, what amino acids would be included in the protein chain?
_______________________________________________________________
Would any additional amino acids be attached to this particular chain? Explain.
_______________________________________________________________________________________