Latin Mid-Term Study Guide III
Latin Vocabulary (L questions)
Just a reminder: You need to know XLVI nouns, XI adjectives, V prepositions, VI linking verbs, and
XVII verb commands. Practice your vocab. flashcards every day and again nightly for homework.
Translate the following Latin nouns into English, then circle “N” for nominative or “A” for accusative
n.b. (nota bene = “note well”) close cognates are not listed on this study guide, but know them.
viam _________ ( N / A ) oppidum _________ ( N / A ) mons _________ ( N / A ) agrum _________ ( N / A )
insula ________ ( N / A ) civitatem ________ ( N / A ) paeninsula ___________ ( N / A ) silva ________ ( N / A )
disciplulam __________ ( N / A ) schola __________ ( N / A ) casa __________ ( N / A ) pax _______ ( N / A )
cella _________ ( N / A ) magister _________ ( N / A ) lunam _________ ( N / A ) matrem _________ ( N / A )
soror ________ ( N / A ) discipulum ________ ( N / A ) stellae ___________ ( N / A ) solem ________ ( N / A )
amicum __________ ( N / A ) caelum ________ ( N / A ) pacem _________ ( N / A ) bellum _______ ( N / A )
pater _________ ( N / A ) magistram _________ ( N / A ) via _________ ( N / A ) ager _________ ( N / A )
terram _________ ( N / A ) patria ___________ ( N / A ) stellas ___________ ( N / A ) sol ________ ( N / A )
mare __________ ( N / A ) montem ________ ( N / A ) oppidum ________ ( N / A ) silvam _______ ( N / A )
mundum __________ ( N / A ) flumen ________ ( N / A ) servus ________ ( N / A ) fratrem _______ ( N / A )
The only way to know a noun or adjective’s gender for sure: look at the (m), (f), or (n) after the vocabulary listing on
your yellow lists; HOWEVER, the patterns we’ve learned in class (summarized below) are fairly consistent.
Gender Patterns that you NEED to know to succeed on the Mid-Term Exam:
If a noun or adjective ends in –er or _____ (nominative) and _____ (accusative),
then it is probably ( masculine / feminine / neuter )
If a noun or adjective ends in _____ (nominative) and _____ (accusative),
then it is probably ( masculine / feminine / neuter )
If a noun or adjective ends in _____ (both nominative and accusative),
then it is probably ( masculine / feminine / neuter )
Now, let’s look at the exceptions to the general patterns above. Circle the letter for the correct gender:
mater, matrem ( m / f / n )
soror, sororem ( m / f / n )
sol, solem ( m / f / n )
Athenae, Athenas ( m / f / n )
mons, montem ( m / f / n )
pater, patrem ( m / f / n )
civitas, civitatem ( m / f / n )
frater, fratrem ( m / f / n )
pax, pacem ( m / f / n )
stelllae, stellas ( m / f / n )
Most adjectives follow the ending pattern of _____ or _____ (masculine), _____ (feminine), and _____ (neuter).
The biggest exception you’ll need to know is “strong, brave:”

The gender of fortis is ( m / f / n ) – choose two of these genders

The gender of forte is ( m / f / n ) – choose one of these genders
N.b. (nota bene = “note well”): You will have more practice with nouns and adjectives when we practice for the
“Translation” portion of the Mid-Term Exam. If you know the nouns and adjectives, and can identify their genders
and cases, this review should be fairly simple, and you should be able to get through it somewhat quickly.
The Linking Verb, “sum, esse, fui, futurus”
Just as English uses different forms of the verb “be” in the present tense (am, is, are), Latin has six forms:
“sum” means _____________
“sumus” means _____________
“es” means
_____________
“estis” means
_____________
“est” means _____________
“sunt” means
_____________
This is where “The Sum Song” lyrics will come in handy:
“Sum, es, est, sumus, estis, sunt: I am, you are, he / she / it is, we are, you are, the-ey are”
Now, take a moment and fill in the blanks (without looking) for the song below:
“Sum, _____, est, ______, estis, ______: I am, _______, he / she / it is, ________, you are, _________!”
Let’s take a moment and talk about the difference between two ways to say “you are”: es and estis.

“es” means “you are” if you’re talking to only one person (singular)
o

Salve, Marce. Es amicus bonus. (Hello, Marcus. You are a good friend.)
“estis” means “you are” if you’re talking to two or more people (plural).
o
Valete, Mater, Pater, et Soror; estis familia misera!
(Goodbye, Mother, Father, and Sister; you are a wretched family!)
The plural form of “you are” is _________, and the singular form of “you are” is _________.
Prepositions: ad, in, contra, post, and circa
What do each of these prepositions mean?
ad _________
in _________
contra _________
post _________
circa _________
Let’s try the same translations again, English to Latin:
into _________
against _________
toward _________
after _________
around _________
Each of the above V prepositions will be followed by a noun (or pronoun) in the ( nominative / accusative ) case.
Just one more time around the track to keep ourselves in good (intellectual) shape:
contra ________
sumus ________
minime ________
post ________
in ________
ita ________
estis ________
ad ________
non ________
circa ________
sum ________
sic ________
est ________
es ________
sunt ________
non ________
Verb Commands: Translate the following verb forms into English
sedē, sedēte ____________
valē, valēte _____________
spectā, spectāte ____________
cōgitā, cōgitāte ____________
surge, surgite ___________
incipe, incipite _____________
scrībe, scrībite ____________
iterā, iterāte _______________
audī, audīte ________________
salvē, salvēte _____________
desiste, desistite ____________
aperī, aperīte _____________
lege, legite ________________
claude, claudite ____________
ī, īte _______________
venī, venīte ______________
numerā, numerāte _______________