Picture
Name
Born/Died
1892-1980
Country
Yugoslavia
Josip Broz
Tito
1832-1893
France
Jules Ferry
Karl Marx
1818-1883
Germany
Keir Hardie
1856-1915
Scotland
King
William I
1797-1888
Belgium
Brief Bio
(Marshal) Leader of the
Communist resistance
movement in Yugoslavia.
Wanted to establish an
independent Communist state.
Led a band of guerrillas
against German Nazi forces to
show resistance in 1944.
French statesman and
republican. Organized nonclerical public education in
France and helped to begin the
colonial expansion of France.
Served as Prime Minister
twice. (1880-1881) & (18831885)
Philosopher and historian.
Radical journalist that joined
with Friedrich Engels to write
The Communist Manifesto
which described the ideas of a
new socialism. His ideas were
supported by many in the 20th
century. Believed that history
is a story of class struggles.
Scottish socialist and labor
leader. He was the first
Independent Labor Member of
the Parliament. Primary
founder of the Independent
Labor Party in which he was
elected the chairman and
leader. The group later
developed the Labor Party in
which they pushed for
equality, especially in the area
of women’s suffrage.
King of Prussia 1861-1888.
First German Emperor 18711888. Achieved the unification
of Germany and the
establishment of the German
Empire. Helped with the
military. Good military leader.
Picture
Name
Klemens
von
Metternich
Born/Died
1773-1859
Country
Austria
Konrad
Adenauer
1876-1967
Germany
Lajos
Kossuth
1802-1894
Hungary
Lezare
Carnot
1753-1823
France
Lech Walesa
1943-
Poland
Brief Bio
Leader of the Congress of
Vienna. Experienced diplomat.
Believed in the principle of
legitimacy. Wrote memoirs.
Chief agent of the Habsburg
Empire.
Leader of the Christian
Democrats (CDU) and served
as chancellor from 1949-1963.
Became known as the
“founding hero” of the three
Western zones in Germany
into the Federal Republic of
Germany. During his
chancellorship he helped to
revive the economy
(“economic miracle”).
Resigned in 1963.
Hungarian lawyer, journalist,
politician and RegentPresident of Hungary in 1849.
Leader of the extreme liberals
and demanded an independent
government for Hungary.
The Organizer of Victory in
the French Revolutionary
Wars, a politician, engineer,
and mathematician. Leading
member of the Committee for
General Defense and of the
Committee of Public Safety
(1793–94) and of the Directory
(1793–97). In 1800 he was
appointed Minister of War.
Polish politician, trade-union
organizer, and human rights
activist. Led the movement
called Solidarity in Poland.
He was arrested for leading it
in 1981. In December 1990 he
was elected the new Polish
President, ending the
Communist rule in Poland.
Picture
Name
Leon
Battista
Alberti
Leon
Gambetta
Leon
Trotsky
Leonardo
Bruni
Leonardo da
Vinci
Born/Died
1404-1472
1838-1882
1877-1940
1370-1444
1452-1519
Country
Brief Bio
Italy
Florentine architect during the
Italian Renaissance. Humanist
that wrote, On The Family,
which described family life in
the 15th century. Supported
the idea in individual ability
and a well-rounded personality
(universal person) that was
capable of many achievements
in life.
France
Russia
Italy
Italy
Prime Minister of France
(1881-1882). Republican.
Helped direct the defense of
France during the FrancoGerman (Prussian) War of
1870–1871. He was Minister
of Foreign Affairs.
He was a revolutionary and
theorist. Soviet politician.
Leader of the Bolshevik
revolutionary army. Was to
replace Vladimir Lenin but
was forced out by Josef Stalin.
Assassinated in Mexico.
An Italian Renaissance
humanist, Florentine patriot,
and chancellor of the city.
Wrote a biography of Roman
Cicero titled The New Cicero.
Believed in Civic Humanism,
the study of the humanities
should be put to use through
the state. Gained thorough
knowledge of Greek
civilization.
Renaissance artist. Imitation
of nature called naturalism was
a big part of Renaissance art
and was used in da Vinci’s
works.
Painted The Last Supper and
The Mona Lisa.
Picture
Name
Leonid
Brezhnev
Born/Died
1906-1982
Country
Soviet Union
(Russia)
Hungary
Leopold I
1640-1705
Austria
Leopold II
1835-1909
Belgium
Lord Byron
1788-1824
Great Britain
(England)
Lord
Castlereagh
1769-1822
Ireland
Brief Bio
General Secretary of the Central
Committee of the Communist
Party of the Soviet Union (19641982). Claimed the right of the
Soviet Union to intervene if
socialism was threatened in
another socialist state.
He was the Holy Roman Emperor
from 1658 to 1705. He had
military success against the
Ottomans. Encouraged the
eastward movement of the
Austrian Empire. On his father’s
death he also inherited Austria.
King of Belgium (1865-1909).
Claimed areas in Africa for his
own personal gain (profit).
With the help of Henry Stanley
he established Belgium
settlements in the Congo. He
treated the Africans brutally.
He made them collect rubber
and sap. He also took ivory for
his own profit.
English poet that dramatized
himself as the Romantic hero
in his works. Leading figure in
the Romantic Movement.
Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage.
Participated in the movement
for Greek independence and
died in Greece fighting the
Ottomans.
Member of the Irish
Parliament and later was a part
of the British House of
Commons (1812-1822). He
was Chief Secretary for
Ireland (1798-1801) in which
he helped stop the Irish
Rebellion of 1798. He also
helped to pass the Irish Act of
Union in 1800.
Picture
Name
Lord
Horatio
Kitchener
Lord
Horatio
Nelson
Lord Louis
Mountbatten
Lord
Palmerston
Lorenzo de
Medici
Born/Died
1805-1894
1758-1805
1900-1979
1784-1865
1449-1492
Country
Great Britain
(England)
England
Brief Bio
One of Britain’s top military
commanders in India. Very
racist. Believed that all
European peoples were higher
in power than the people in
India. Racial attitudes made it
hard for British rule.
Flag officer in the Royal
Navy. Ranked as Vice
Admiral of the White.
Notable naval leader,
especially in the Napoleonic
Wars.
England
British statesman and naval
officer. Admiral of the Fleet.
Served in both World War I
and World War II. Both a
Governor General of India
and Viceroy of India.
England
British statesman. A
Viscount. Served twice as a
Prime Minister in the mid
1800’s. Nicknamed “The
Mongoose”. Helped
introduce the policy of
isolation and British
withdrawal from Europe.
Italy
“Lorenzo the Magnificent”.
Italian statesman. Ruler of
the Florentine Republic
during the Italian
Renaissance. A diplomat and
politician. Patron of scholars,
artists, and poets.
Picture
Name
Lorenzo
Ghiberti
Lorenzo
Valla
Louis Blanc
Albert
Speers
Louis
Napoleon
Born/Died
1378-1455
c. 1407-1457
1811-1882
1905-1981
1808-1873
Country
Italy
Italy
France
Brief Bio
Artist of the early
Renaissance. Best known for
sculptures and metalworking.
Involved in the spreading of
humanist ideas.
Italian humanist, rhetorician,
and educator. Worked in the
field of Philology. Editor of
many works of Latin texts.
Lectured in many cities and
made public questionable
statements about Theology.
French politician and
historian. Socialist who
favored reforms. Ideas had
much influence on the
development of socialism in
France.
Germany
Minister of Armaments and
War Production for Adolf
Hitler and the Third Reich.
Was known as “the Nazi who
said sorry” at the Nuremberg
trials.
France
President of the French
Second Republic. Elected to
the throne in 1848. A coup
d’état in 1851 gave him title of
emperor of the Second French
Empire.
Picture
Name
Louis
Pasteur
Louis
Philippe
Louis SaintJust
Louis XI
Spider King
Louis XIII
Born/Died
1822-1895
1773-1850
1767-1794
1423-1483
1601-1643
Country
France
France
France
France
France
Brief Bio
French chemist and
microbiologist. One of the
founders of medical
microbiology. Created the first
vaccines for rabies and
anthrax. Invented the method
of pasteurization.
The last King of the French
from 1830 to 1848 in the July
Monarchy. Earned the rank of
lieutenant-general during his
military service.
Military and political leader
during the French Revolution.
Foremost leader of the
government of the French First
Republic. Drafted the French
Constitution of 1793. He
caused the Reign of Terror and
was dubbed the "Angel of
Death”.
King of France from 1461 to
1483. Successfully expanded
royal power. Plotting and
scheming to get his way gave
him the nicknames “the
Cunning” and “the Universal
Spider”.
King of France and of Navarre
from 1610 to 1643.
Established the French
Academy. Ended the revolt of
the great feudal lords.
Picture
Name
Louis XIV
Louis XV
Louis XVI
Ludwig
Wittgenstein
Madame de
Pompadour
Born/Died
1638-1715
1710-1774
1754-1793
1889-1951
1721-1764
Country
France
France
France
England
France
Brief Bio
The Sun King. Ruled as King
of France and Navarre from
1643 to 1715. Reinforced a
system of absolute
monarchical rule in France
from 1661 until the French
Revolution.
King of France and of
Navarre from 1715 to 1774.
Weakened the power of
France and the treasury and
discredited the absolute
monarchy, leading to the
French Revolution.
Last King of France and
Navarre from 1774 to 1791.
Absolute monarchy in France
was ended in 1791. Became
King of the French from
1791 to 1792. French
Republic began in 1792.
Philosopher of logic,
mathematics, mind, and
language. Professor of
philosophy. Officer in World
War I and hospital porter in
World War II. Wrote
Tractatus LogicoPhilosophicus and
Philosophical Investigations.
Member of the French court.
Official chief mistress of
Louis XV. Had indirect
political influence. Helped
plan buildings such as the
Place de la Concorde.
Picture
Name
Alfred von
Schlieffen
Margaret
Thatcher
Maria
Theresa
Marie
Antoinette
Marie Curie
Born/Died
1833-1913
1925- present
1717-1780
1755 - 1793
1867-1934
Country
Germany
England
Germany
France
France
Poland
Brief Bio
German field marshal and
strategist. Chief of the Imperial
German General Staff from
1891 to 1906. Created a
military plan named after him
and used unsuccessfully during
WWI.
British politician and the only
woman Prime Minister of the
United Kingdom. Her
conservative policies led to
close ties with U.S. President
Ronald Reagan.
Empress consort of the Holy
Roman Empire, Queen consort
of Germany, Queen of
Hungary and Croatia,
Archduchess of Austria, and
Queen of Bohemia. Led
Austria during the War of the
Austrian Succession.
Queen of France (1774 1792). Wife of Louis XVI.
Nicknamed Madame Deficit.
The people disliked her
because she was Austrian, one
of France's enemies. Beheaded
via the guillotine.
Born Maria Salomea
Skłodowska. She was a
physicist and chemist famous
for her work on radioactivity.
She was the first to be honored
with two Nobel Prizes-in
chemistry and physics.
Picture
Name
Marie
Louise
Born/Died
1791-1847
Country
Brief Bio
Austria
She was born Maria Ludovica
Leopoldina Franziska Therese
Josepha Lucia von HabsburgLothringen. She was the
Duchess of Parma. She was the
second wife of Napoleon I and
Empress of France for four
years. She also ruled Parma,
Piacenza, and Guastalla.
Marsilio
Ficino
1433-1499
Martin
Luther
Mary of
Orange
Mary Stuart
1483-1586
1631-1660
1542-1587
Italy
Germany
England
England
Was one of the most influential
humanist philosophers of the
Italian Renaissance. He was an
astrologer, a reviver of NeoPlatonism, and the first to
translate Plato’s work in to
Latin. His Florentine Academy
was an attempt to revive Plato’s
school and helped develop
European philosophy.
Was a German monk, priest,
professor of theology, and
figure head of the Protestant
Reformation. He posted the 95
Theses which contributed to his
excommunication and the
Protestant Reformation.
Also known as Princess Royal,
Princess of Orange, and
Countess of Nassau. Was the
daughter of King Charles I of
England, Scotland, and Ireland
and Henrietta Maria of France.
She was the wife of William II
and the mother of King William
III of England
Also known as Mary, Queen
of Scots. Cousin of Elizabeth.
Mother of James I of England,
who replaced Elizabeth. She
was executed for the crime of
plotting to assassinate
Elizabeth.