Unit 2 Review Sheet
Note: I would especially focus on the last section (American Revolution and Constitution) as you
study. There are a lot of questions on that material. I know you’ll do great on your test tomorrow
and I’ll see you Monday!
*Democracy in England
1) Whose power did the Magna Carta limit? THE KING
2) The Magna Carta helped establish DUE PROCESS OF LAW.
Turn to page 42 of your textbook. At the end of the second paragraph in the “Magna Carta”
section, there is a definition of term. What is the definition?
a. Due process of law: PROTECTION FROM ARBITRARY ARREST, IMPRISONMENT,
OR OTHER LEGAL ACTIONS
b. Now turn to page 73 in your textbook. Which amendment in the U.S. Bill of Rights
guarantees DUE PROCESS OF LAW? 5TH AMENDMENT
3) The Glorious Revolution removed which king from power? KING JAMES II
4) The Glorious Revolution brought which new king and queen to power? WILLIAM AND
MARY
a. Which important document did they have to sign before they could officially become
kind and queen? ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS
b. This document included the principle of HABEAS CORPUS. Turn to page 46 in your
book. What is the definition of habeas corpus?
NO PERSON CAN BE HELD IN PRISON WITHOUT FIRST BEING CHARGED WITH A
SPECIFIC CRIME
*The Enlightenment
1) The Enlightenment is also known as the Age of REASON
2) What is the term for an agreement between the people and their government? SOCIAL
CONTRACT
3) Enlightenment philosophers studied rules discoverable through reason. What are these
called? (see p. 54) NATURAL LAWS
4) What is the term for a French philosopher? PHILOSOPHE
5) Which Enlightenment philosopher believed in separation of powers (into 3 branches) and
checks and balances? MONTESQUIEU
a. Which branch enforces the laws? EXECUTIVE
b. Which branch makes the laws? LEGISLATIVE
c. Which branch interprets the laws? JUDICIAL
6) Which Enlightenment philosopher believed in natural rights and the right to rebel against an
unjust government?
a. Define natural rights: RIGHTS PEOPLE ARE BORN WITH THAT CANNOT BE TAKEN
AWAY
b. What were his three natural rights? LIFE, LIBERTY, AND PROPERTY
c. Which country was he from? ENGLAND
7) Which Enlightenment philosopher believed strongly in freedom of speech and was known
for using sarcasm and fiction to expose problems in the French government? VOLTAIRE
8) Which Enlightenment philosopher believed people were naturally bad and needed an
absolute monarch to control them? HOBBES
a. Two other words this philosopher used to describe an absolute monarch were
SOVEREIGN and LEVIATHAN (which means sea monster)
9) Which Enlightenment philosopher wrote women should have equal access to EDUCATION in
her book A Vindication of the Rights of Women? WOLLSTONECRAFT
10) Which Enlightenment philosopher published the Encyclopedia? DIDEROT
11)Define enlightened despot: AN ABSOLUTE MONARCH WHO EMBRACED
ENLIGHTENMENT IDEALS
a. Were enlightened despots willing to give up absolute power? NO
b. Who was the most radical Enlightened despot? (hint: he disguised himself as a
peasant) JOSEPH II
12) Where did writers, artists, and Enlightenment philosophers meet to discuss ideas? (hint: see
p. 61, it’s a bold word) SALONS
13) Define censorship: GOVERNMENT RESTRICTION OF IDEAS AND INFORMATION
*The American Revolution and the Constitution
1) Were the 13 American colonies located on the EAST or west coast of the United States?
2) Why did the British government start taxing the American colonists after the French and
Indian War? (see p. 69, first paragraph under “Colonists express discontent”)
BRITAIN WAS IN DEBT
3) Place the following events in the correct order (see p. 69 and your class notes): Tea Act,
Stamp Act, Townshend Acts, Boston Tea Party, Lexington and Concord, Intolerable Acts
STAMP ACT, TOWNSHEND ACTS, TEA ACT, BOSTON TEA PARTY, LEXINGTON AND
CONCORD
4) Because there was representative government in Britain, the American colonists expected
representative government in the colonies as well. That is why they responded to new taxes
with the slogan: “NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION”
5) Why did the First Continental Congress meet after the Intolerable Acts were passed? (see
your class notes) TO DISCUSS THE COLONIAL RESPONSE, THEY WROTE A PETITION TO
THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT
6) Who was the British king in the time period before the American Revolution? (see p. 69)
KING GEORGE III
7) Who was the leader of the American forces during the American Revolution? (hint: he was
also the first president) GEORGE WASHINGTON
8) Of the following important documents, which ONE was written before the American
Revolution and which THREE were written after?
a. Before: DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
b. After: ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION, CONSTITUTION, BILL OF RIGHTS
9) Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? THOMAS JEFFERSON
a. It includes the ideas of which Enlightenment philosopher? LOCKE
b. Define “unalienable” rights: RIGHTS THAT CANNOT BE TAKEN AWAY
c. The Declaration of Independence lists many ways that the British government had
violated their RIGHTS. Give one example: QUARTERING ACT
10)What was the name for the first attempt at a new government in the United States? (hint: it
failed and was replaced by the Constitution, see p. 72) ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
a. In which city did the Founding Fathers meet to fix this first attempt at government
and create a new government? PHILADELPHIA
11)THE CONSTITUTION- MAKE SURE TO STUDY!!!
a. Which 3 Enlightenment philosophers contributed the most to the U.S. Constitution?
(see page 73) MONTESQUIEU, LOCKE, ROUSSEAU
i. Which Enlightenment philosopher DID NOT contribute to the U.S. Constitution
because he believed in an absolute monarchy? HOBBES
b. The Constitution created a federal republic. Turn to page 73 of your textbook. Which
two levels of government share power in a federal republic? STATE GOVERNMENT
and FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.
c. The Constitution includes the principle of POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY. Turn to page70
of your textbook. According to this principle, where does the government’s power
come from? THE PEOPLE
i. This is most closely connected with which Enlightenment philosopher? (hint:
it’s linked with the right to rebel) LOCKE
12)Why was the Bill of Rights created? (see the first two sentences of the third paragraph under
“Enlightenment Ideas Have Great Impact” on p. 73)
TO RECOGNIZE THAT PEOPLE HAVE RIGHTS THE GOVERNMENT MUST PROTECT
13)
The 1st Amendment is probably the most famous amendment from the Bill of Rights.
What rights are protected in the 1st amendment? (there are five, see p. 73) FREEDOM OF
RELIGION, SPEECH, PRESS, ASSEMBLY, AND PETITION