EIFEL
ETNA
Eifel and its western
continuation into Belgium, the Ardennes, mountains are a part of the
Variscan mountain belt and belong to the Rhenish Massif (Rheinisches
Schiefergebirge)
Etna is a complex volcanic in Sicily, which is the highest active
volcano in Europe .It is high 3,350 m with a diameter of about 45 km.
It occupies a total area of 1600 km ².
It occupies a total area of 100km, area 5300km°
Since 2004 about 110 km² of the Eifel within the German state of
North Rhine-Westphalia have been protected as the Eifel National
Park nature reserve
Range coordinates 50°23′N 6°52′ECoordinates:
The establishment of Etna Park took place in 1987
50°23′N 6°52′E Latitude: 37 ° 44'00 "N Longitude: 15 ° 00'00" E
Age and Origin: Etna was formed over thousands of years through a
Age and OriginIn : during the Tertiary and Quaternary geological eras,
the Eifel was a site of extensive volcanic activity. The volcanism of the Eifel process of construction and destruction began around 600,000 years
ago, during the Quaternary;
is thought to be partly caused by the Eifel hotspot, a place where hot
material from deep in the mantle rises to the surface, and partly by mel tascent at deep fractures in the Earth's crust
Orogeny high mountain
Type of rock pyroclastic basalt products, such as ash
Orogeny low mountains highest peak Hohe Acht 747 m.
and lapilli, represents the highest volcanic risk
Type of rock slate, limestone, quartzite, sandstone, basalt
Landscape:the tuff vulcanic landscape is evident in its stone caves, lava
flows, walls (several meters thick).there are approx. 350 cinder cones,
spectacular pumice stone, domes, numerous springs and geysers of
carbonic acid.
Typical are the Eifel Maar: volcanic craters generally circular crosssection occupied by small lakes. Around the Laacher See, one of the
largest maare, the tourism is developed( The Nürburgring, the famous circuit
Landscape: Its surface is characterized by a rich variety of
environments that alternates urban landscapes, dense forests that retain
different plant species endemic to desolate areas covered in volcanic
rock and snow periodically subject to the highest shares;
of motors).
Flora
The Eifel National Park enchants with its majestic beech trees, the forests of
gnarled oaks and mysterious gorges where rivers flow.
Fauna
Flora: You can find citrus groves, vineyards, fruit trees and chestnut
forests of beech and pine trees and in the higher areas, as deserts,
alternating thin juniper bushes and astragalus;
More than 230 animals and plant species at risk of extinction find the ideal
environment for their survival. So feral cats roam in the woods ,mice and
beavers build their strongholds in the clear waters, but also the many
species of bats and kingfishers . In the spring the "wild daffodils yellow"
bloom with their beautiful colors. A unique landscape of woods and crystal
clear waters
Fauna: We can find mammals such as foxes, wild cats, porcupines,
weasels and other dormice, as well as rabbits and hares, reptiles such
as lizards or snakes or lizards, as regards the birds you can meet the
great spotted woodpecker, the magpie, the jay, pairs of ravens, crows
and in the higher areas the golden eagle.
beech
ginestra
eagles
golden eagle
EUROPE
The most ancient lands are located in the northern part of the
continent. Lowlands and plains dominated the continent in archaic or
Archeozoica (from 5 billion to 570 years ago).
In Central Europe we find a mountain system of ancient origin, the
system Hercynian. Although these mountains were shaped by erosion
and are almost all sides with sweet and often are covered with
primary forests formed in the era Paleozoic orPrimary from 570 to
230 millions of years ago.
Sedimentary basins ", ie areas in which the secondary era
(Mesozoic) there has been a progressive marine sedimentation that
formed a plain at the bottom of the seas through the subsequent
ages have risen like the basin of London, the Paris Basin,and in the
north of Europe is a plain which opens in France and
continues in Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany.
Only inTertiary or Cenozoic Era (60 million to 2 million years
ago)
Started the process of formation of mountain ranges, Orogeny or
theory of mountains building.
Earthquakes and volcanic activity are present in the Mediterranean
and in the south of Europe ( Quaternary era or Neozoic era about 2
million years ago to present), while in the north the seismicity is
almost entirely absent.
Europe is not a real continent, but it can be
considered a large peninsula of Asia,
LEGENDA
Archaic or Archeozoica (from 5 billion to 570 years ago)russian
platform, Scandinavian shield balto.
Primary or Paleozoic Era (570 to 230 million years ago): system
Caledonian (Grampian, Pennines, Cambrian, Scandinavian Alps);
Hercynian system (Cantabrian mountains, the Meseta, Sierra
Morena, French Massif Central, Vosges, Ardennes, Sudetes, Black
Forest, Šumava ....)
Secondary or Mesozoic Era (230 to 60 million years ago):
Sedimentary basins (Basin London, Paris Basin, Basin FrancoSwabian ...)
Tertiary or Cenozoic Era (60 million to 2 million years ago):
Alpine-Himalayan system (Alps, Apennines, Pyrenees, Sierra
Nevada, the Balkans, Carpathians, Caucasus)
Quaternary era or Neozoic (from 2 million years ago to the
present): glaciation and volcanism, formation of floodplains (and
human presence).
The landscape of Europe is the result of three orogeny and marine
sedimentation. The most visible imprint on the landscape, however, is
that the glaciation that shaped the territory in the Quaternary, in a
period of about a million years. In this period there have been at least
five ice ages and took place the phenomena of active volcanism,
which are present even today especially in southern Europe
the theory of plate tectonics.
The earth's crust is divided into large lumps of continental
dimensions that move on a substrate fluid (magma). The theory
explains in a scientific manner the formation of mountain ranges, the
volcanic formations and continental drift.
The dynamics of tectonic movements is determined by the thrust of
the African continent which gradually closed the Mediterranean
Sea (the meaning of the word means precisely Mediterranean,
"enclosed sea between the lands") and continues to press against
the sod European determining seismic and volcanic activity as well
as an increase of the Alpine chain, certainly not visible but
measurable in millimeters over several years.
mid-ocean ridge and ocean atlantic-iceland are areas of divergence
where vulcanic hot spot can be evident.
mediterranean-african plates are areas of convergence(subduction
zone) where volcanoes are more dangerous .
BELGIUM
Belgium is a country between the plateau of the Ardennes and the
North Sea.
The country is divisible, by morphological point of view, in three
distinct sections:
1) the south the High Belgium, corresponding to the plateau of
the Ardennes, an extreme offshoot of the Rhenish Slate Mountains
whose highest peak is the Botrange, 694 m, in the Hautes
Fagnes.In more points emerge Paleozoic formations of the
Cambrian, Devonian and Carboniferous dating back to the
Paleozoic Era, housing the coal deposits ,the greatest wealth of
Belgium.
2) the center of the Middle Belgium, which marks the transition
from relief to the plain (Mesozoic-Cenozoic Era-)) corresponds to
the historic region of Brabant;
3)North Belgium, namely the coastal plain of Flanders. It dates
back the Alluvial Quaternary era.