Online Resource 1
Why Lifespans Are More Variable Among Blacks Than Among Whites in the United States
Glenn Firebaugh, Francesco Acciai, Aggie J. Noah, Christopher Prather, and Claudia Nau
Table S1 Cause grouping and corresponding ICD-10 codes
ICD-10
4 Digit Code
Range
Contents of Cause-Group
(described using ICD-10 cause description)
Heart diseases
I00-I09.9
Heart diseases
Cancers
C00-D48.9
Chapter II: Neoplasms
Cerebrovascular
diseases
I60-I69.8
Cerebrovascular diseases
Chronic lower
respiratory
diseases
J40-J47
Chronic lower respiratory diseases
Alzheimer’s
G30-G30.9
Alzheimer’s disease
Diabetes
E10-E14.9
Diabetes mellitus
Nephritis,
Nephrosis,
Nephrotic
Symptom
N00-N07.9
N17-N19
N25-N27.9
Nephritis, nephrosis, nephrotic symptom
17 Category CauseGroup
Chronic Diseases
Communicable Diseases
Influenza and
pneumonia
J10-J18.9
Influenza and pneumonia
Septicemia
A40-A41.9
Streptococcal and other septicemia
HIV/AIDS
B20-B24.9
HIV disease
Other
Communicable
Diseases
Remaining
codes:
A00-B99
Certain communicable and parasitic diseases, with the
exception of septicemia and STD/NTD
Homicide
X85-Y09.9
Assault
Suicide
X60-X84.9
Suicide
Traffic Accidents
V02-V04.9
Pedestrian injured in accident with various types of
motor vehicles
External Causes
V09-V09.9
V20-V89.9
Pedestrian injured in other and unspecified transport
accidents
Pedal cyclist injured in accident with various types of
motor vehicles
Pedal cyclist injured in unspecified transport/traffic
accident
Other types of transport accidents
Accidental
poisoning
X40-X49.9,
Y10-Y19.9
Accidental poisoning by drugs and alcohol
Poisoning by drugs and alcohol, undetermined intent
Other external
causes
Remaining
codes:
V01-Y89.9
External causes of morbidity and mortality,
with exception of assault, suicide, traffic accidents,
and accidental poisoning
V12-V14.9
V19-V19.9
Aggregated Minor Causes
Not elsewhere
classified
All codes not
listed above
Examples:
F1-F 19.9 - Different types of dementia/mental
disorder
F20-F48 - Other mental disorders including
schizophrenia, delusional disorder, psychosis, bipolar
affective disorder, depression, anxiety disorder, etc.
F50 - Anorexia nervosa
Table S2 Distribution of deaths, and average age at death, by cause: Whites versus
blacks in the United States, 2010
Proportions
ICD-10 cause of death
Mean age
White
Black
Diff.
White
Black
Diff.
Chronic diseases
1
Heart diseases
0.257
0.263
–0.006
81.4
77.4
4.0
2
Cancers
0.226
0.227
–0.002
75.4
73.6
1.8
3
Cerebrovascular diseases
0.056
0.063
–0.007
82.9
78.2
4.7
4
Chronic lower respiratory diseases
0.064
0.034
0.030
79.6
77.3
2.3
5
Alzheimer’s
0.044
0.029
0.014
86.8
86.5
0.2
6
Diabetes
Nephritis, nephrosis, nephrotic
symptoms
0.024
0.044
–0.020
77.2
75.2
1.9
0.020
0.035
–0.015
81.9
77.8
4.1
Total proportion, chronic diseases
0.690
0.694
–0.005
7
Communicable
8
Influenza and pneumonia
0.022
0.020
0.002
83.1
80.2
2.9
9
Septicemia
0.013
0.022
–0.009
79.0
76.8
2.2
10
HIV/AIDS
0.001
0.009
–0.008
51.2
50.9
0.3
11
Other infectious diseases
0.009
0.008
0.001
76.8
71.4
5.4
Total proportion, communicable
0.045
0.060
–0.015
External causes
12
Homicide
0.002
0.013
–0.011
44.2
33.3
10.9
13
Suicide
0.012
0.004
0.008
50.0
42.4
7.7
14
Traffic accident
0.010
0.009
0.001
49.2
46.6
2.5
15
Accidental poisoning
0.011
0.006
0.004
42.5
49.3
–6.8
16
Other external causes
0.022
0.014
0.008
76.4
69.3
7.1
Total proportion, external causes
0.057
0.046
0.011
0.209
0.200
0.009
80.7
77.7
3.0
1.000
1.000
0.000
78.7
75.3
3.3
Aggregated minor causes
17
NEC - Not elsewhere classified
Overallb
a
Source: Based on life table deaths for those who survive to age 10 (NCHS 2012)
b
Total for proportions and grand mean for age at death
Table S3 Decomposition of the difference in the variance of age at death for
blacks versus whites in the United States, 2010, by cause of death: Spread,
allocation, timing and joint components (in percentages)a
ICD-10 Cause of Death
Spread
(S)
Allocation
(A)
Timing
(T)
Joint
(J)
Chronic Diseases
28.7
2.0
–1.7
0.6
Cancers
7.5
0.6
–3.7
0.0
3
Cerebrovascular diseases
8.1
1.9
–1.2
0.8
4
Chronic lower respiratory diseases
8.1
–6.9
0.5
–4.0
5
Alzheimer’s
0.2
–3.1
5.8
–2.0
6
Diabetes
0.9
7.6
–0.1
0.6
7
Nephritis, nephrosis, nephrotic symptoms
2.3
3.9
–0.2
1.5
1
Heart diseases
2
Communicable Diseases
8
Influenza and pneumonia
2.1
–0.5
0.2
–0.2
9
Septicemia
0.7
3.2
0.1
0.5
10
HIV/AIDS
0.1
16.2
–0.3
–2.2
11
Other communicable diseases
0.7
–0.2
0.2
–0.1
External Causes
12
Homicide
–0.6
38.0
2.2
10.2
13
Suicide
–1.0
–21.8
7.2
–4.2
14
Traffic accident
–2.1
–3.9
–1.0
0.4
15
Accidental poisoning
–0.4
–15.0
–14.9
6.4
16
Other external causes
5.0
–5.9
1.5
–2.3
27.2
–3.7
0.7
–1.2
87.2
12.4
–4.7
5.0
Aggregated Minor Causes
17
Not elsewhere classified
Total
a
The standard deviation in age at death is 15.62 among blacks and 14.11 among whites. Thus, the
difference in variance is 15.622 – 14.112, or 44.9.