References
ABC News. (2010, May 6). Questions about cord blood banking. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BnzRzKsvlDo&index=44&list=PLturoX
TpuYxDZkWOka_1SJ1icT-fxZqfP
Public umbilical cord banking is expensive, and some experts say that private
cord banks can be misleading. Advertising cord blood as a “life insurance policy”
is too big of a promise. This video emphasizes the fact that while cord blood stem
cells can be useful, the chance that a family will be able to use their own baby’s
cord blood for personal benefit is extremely rare.
Aplastic anemia. (n.d.). Retrieved March 10, 2015, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/
diseases- conditions/aplastic-anemia/basics/causes/con-20019296
On this website, Mayo Clinic describes Aplastic Anemia. The website talks about
the pathophysiology, signs and symptoms and different aspects of the disease.
The website accurately describes the disease and helps readers to understand it
from a medical perspective.
Apurva. (2009, January 11). Advantages and disadvantages of cord blood treatment.
Retrieved from http://www.disabled-world.com/news/research/stemcells/cord
blood-treatment.php
This article talks about how cord blood banking is becoming more popular each
day. But before considering cord blood collection and cord blood transplant,
people should be aware of the benefits and disadvantages of this process. Some
other topics that are discussed in this article are, if donations really help and the
effectiveness of curing diseases using stem cells.
Brown, N., & Kraft, A. (2007). Blood Ties: Banking the Stem Cell Promise. Technology
Analysis & Strategic Management, 313-327. Retrieved March 14, 2015, from
Taylor & Francis Online
This article discusses cord banking and the expectations of new parents. This
article uses doctor and patient testimonials to show how parents are often given
information that is misconstrued when it come to the outcomes of private cord
blood banking. The article also uses interviews with members of the banking
companies to get a look at the information that is given to parents from the source.
Cord Blood Transplants. (n.d.). Retrieved March 10, 2015.
On this website, Texas Oncology describes the process of cord blood
transplantation in patients with cancer. The website goes on to describe what
occurs before the transplant, during the transplant and after the transplant. The
research shows side effects that can happen along with the transplant. Not only
does it describe the transplantation process, but it also describes the process that is
happening inside the body and how it is helping to treat the patient.
Crompton, K. E., Elwood, N., Kirkland, M., Clark, P., Novak, I., & Reddihough, D.
(2014). Feasibility of trialling cord blood stem cell treatments for cerebral palsy in
Australia. Journal Of Paediatrics & Child Health, 50(7), 540-544.
doi:10.1111/jpc.12618
Hearing the benefits of using umbilical cord blood, Crompton along with several
other doctors look into effects of this particular treatment in the development of
the brain in relation to being born preterm. Not only is cerebral palsy discussed,
but the authors discuss the effects of umbilical cord blood in its ability of
antiepileptic effects, antioxidants effects, vascular development, and its effects in
general preterm injury. In assessing all these areas, Crompton et al are able to
come up with the advantages and disadvantages of administering cord blood. In
their research, they conclude that umbilical cord holds “strong promise” but still
needs further research and clinical trials.
Ghodsizad, A., Ungerer, M. N., Bordel, V., Kallenbach, K., Kögler, G., Bruckner, B., &
... Ruhparwar, A. (2011). Transplanted human cord blood-derived unrestricted
somatic stem cells preserve high-energy reserves at the site of acute myocardial
infarction. Cytotherapy (Taylor & Francis Ltd), 13(8), 956-961.
doi:10.3109/14653249.2011.563290
In order to examine cardio myocyte metabolism and the role of high energy
phosphates in marginal infarct, Ghodsizad et al conducted a study with the use of
umbilical cord blood. In this article, it was their belief that the cord blood would
be able to improve the myocardial function by supporting recovery and
preventing dilation. Levels of Creatinine phosphate (CP), adenosine
monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine
triphosphate (ATP) were used to measure the effects after a 48 period of umbilical
cord injection. Although not a complete prevention of scar formation was noted,
functional improvements of the heart were seen and high energy phosphates were
influenced by the transplant of umbilical cord blood. This study helped to show
the results of the effects of umbilical cord blood in treatment for heart failure. It
is a pavement for further researchers to follow-up and look into.
Glasser, L. (n.d.). The Ende brothers and the arcane history of the first umbilical cord
blood hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Transfusion, 2010-2010.
The article describes the beginning of the studies of cord blood transplants. This
article gives accreditation to the doctors that were involved in the study and
process of capturing, storing and transplanting the stem cells. It briefly discusses
the first successful transplant and states the patient’s brief medical history and
mentions the transplant. The article is beneficial to gain knowledge on the
medical doctors involved in the study.
Gluckman, E., Broxmeyer, H., Auerbach, A., Friedman, H., Douglas, G., Devergie, A.,
Boyse, E. (1989). Hematopoietic Reconstitution in a Patient with Fanconi's
Anemia by Means of Umbilical-Cord Blood from an HLA-Identical Sibling. New
England Journal of Medicine, 1174-1178.
The journal article states the details on the first successful cord blood transplant.
The article explains the patient’s medical history and the specific details of the
patient’s medical history and the disease that is occurring. The case study goes on
to talk about after the transplant, 6 months after the transplant and then 9 months
after the transplant. The research that came out of the study is described and
explained along with what happened with the blood and how the body reacts to
the new stem cells.
Ilic, D. (2014). The Legal Duties of Stem Cell Banks with Regard to Stem Cell Donors
and Recipients. In Stem Cell Banking (pp. 41-49). Dordrecht: Springer.
The chapter of “The Legal Duties of Stem Cell Banks with Regard to Stem Cell
Donors and Recipients” looks at what the government and the individual blood
banking companies need to do in order to better the process of blood
banking for donors. They discuss issued such as privacy, consent, as well as
others in regard to donors with their cells.
Kiatpongsan, S. (2008). Business on Hope: A Case Study on Private Cord Blood Stem
Cell Banking. Chot Mai Het Thang Phaet, 91(4), 577-580. Retrieved March 1,
2015, from PubMed.gov.
This article reviews blood stem cell banking and its relationship to medicine.
It discusses how previously medicine has been seen as a practice with “high
honors.” However, with blood stem cell banking, you do not receive the
traditional form of practice where you are paying for an outcome, procedure,
and/or diagnosis. The article is based on the premise that it is based on “hope”
and that there is no guarantee of future use of the cells.
Kaimal, A., Smith, C., Laros, R., Caughey, A., & Cheng, Y. (2009). Cost-effectiveness
Of Private Umbilical Cord Blood Banking. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 114(4),
848-855. Retrieved March 12, 2015, from
http://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Fulltext/2009/10000/Cost_effectiveness_of_
Private_Umbilical_Cord_Blood.21.aspx?WT.mc_id=EMxALLx20100222xxFRI
END#P27
This article uses a case study with multiple scenarios to determine whether or
not cord blood banking is cost effective. The authors use a broad scenario for
blood banking and mix numbers and figures to come up with 7500 scenarios to
prove if blood banking is worth the payment.
Marketplace: Busted: Cord Blood Banks. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=f0qr8Xpoa2Q
In this video, Erica Johnson interviews Dr. Kirk Shultz, who participates in
transplanting stem cells. The purpose of this interview was to get the facts on the
claims that cord blood banks make about storage of stem cells. For pregnant
women, the ads from about a dozen cord blood banks are hard to miss. The pitch
is centered on how storing your baby’s cord blood could help treat dozens of lifethreatening illnesses down the road like leukemia and lymphoma. However, the
doctor provides accurate information that demonstrates how the blood bank
companies are misleading and their claims are often exaggerated.
Moninger, J. (2014) The cord blood controversy.
This article explains the benefits and disadvantages some face when investing in
storing their child’s cord blood. It highlights the specific story of the Dones’
family where their investment in cord blood banking did not pay off for their son
Anthony who was diagnosed with a rare genetic disorder. It also explains the
business and economic side of cord blood banking. This article asks the question
of whether or not cord blood banking is a worthwhile investments for parents in
both the private and public banking system.
Peterson, D. A. (2004). Umbilical cord blood cells and brain stroke injury: bringing in
fresh blood to address an old problem. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 114(3),
312–314. doi:10.1172/JCI200422540
Peterson writes an article on the benefits of using umbilical cord blood treatment
in the recovery of brain injury and more specifically, strokes. Based off a study by
Taguchi et al. in which CD34+ cells of the umbilical cord blood were used on
animals models, Peterson believes that these same cells can also help in the
neurogenesis and angiogenesis for humans who have had brain injury.
Improvement in the growth of the cortical tissue is speculated as what could make
this a successful treatment as it was seen in a mice study performed by Taguchi.
No study on humans was mentioned but the article gives thought and great insight
as to how the umbilical cord blood can make huge improvements to brain
recovery.
Petrini, C. (2013). Ethical issues in umbilical cord blood banking: a comparative
analysis of documents from national and international institutions.
Transfusion, 53(4), 902-910. doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03824.x
This article discusses documents from national and international institutions on
the subject of umbilical cord banking. It mostly focuses on the issues of informed
consent (for collection, banking, and storage) and the choice parents have
between public or private cord banking. The general guidelines discussed
encourage public banking and discourage private banking. The article also
discusses what is known about ethical issues on the subject; such as the need for
more justice by providing more diverse cord blood samples from the population.
However, the author recognizes that much more research needs to be done on the
ethical issues of cord blood banking for stem cell research and transplantations.
Riordan, N. (2012). Stem cell institute. Retrieved from http://www.the-stem-cell
institute.com/?gclid=CjwKEAjw25SoBRCMn7Gc97Knj0ISJAC7vaMrN8iRvS
NFzlTCH96F_jRS_2ABrlb4Hdg3d4xtLJzVBoCZZ3w_wcB
This article gives a brief background of Stem Cell Institute, what they do, and
how they use stem cells to treat a variety of conditions. It also provides access to
seven examples of these conditions. For each of these conditions, this website
provides information regarding what type of stem cells are used, the typical
treatment protocol, and real-life stories from people who have undergone stem
cell treatment. This website also provides information on numerous studies that
have been conducted to test the effectiveness of these treatments.
Seattle Cancer Care Alliance – Jessie Quinn
This website has an article which highlights the experiences of Jessie Quinn, a
cancer patient from California who participated in a study which looked at the
benefits of cord blood cells to adults. The website narrates her cancer treatment as
well as transplantation of the cord blood stem cells to treat her Acute Myeloid
Leukemia and successful increase in the quality of her life because of the
transplantation.
Stem Cell Transplants (Peripheral Blood, Bone Marrow, and Cord Blood Transplants).
(2013, October 2). Retrieved March 10, 2015.
This website describes the basic of stem cells. It gives the definition of stem cells
in all parts of the body. It describes why the stem cells are used and why they are
important. The research goes on to explain why and individual would need a
transplant and what to think about when considering this as a treatment. It
encourages patients to consider all types of stem cell transplants and research in
order to get an accurate description and have the proper education on the
procedure.
Yong-Tao, L., Yun, Z., Min, L., Jia-na-ti, Q., Ashwood, P., Sungho Charles, C., & ...
Xiang, H. (2013). Transplantation of human cord blood mononuclear cells and
umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in autism. Journal Of
Translational Medicine, 11(1), 1-10. doi:10.1186/1479-5876-11-196
Yong-Tao et al conduct a study to look at the effects of using umbilical cord
blood as a treatment for autism. The researchers believe that umbilical cord blood
can treat not just the behaviors of autism but make a deeper impact on the
molecular level. Using 37 subjects, 3 groups were created, each given a different
treatment plan. The conclusions of the study showed improvement on behavior
and function of autism, mostly in a group who were given a combination of two
different cells derived from the umbilical cord blood. Umbilical cord blood was
shown to be safe as there were no signs of adverse effects. Still more research and
studies should be looked into for more data, but the information was useful in
knowing that umbilical cord blood is an option and being looked into more than
was previously.