FOR ONLINE PUBLICATION ONLY
Supplementary Material
Table 1. Surface Protected by the National and Natural Parks of Doñana and Sierra Nevada of
Their Greater Ecosystems and Social-Ecological Systems
Surface (Km2) % Protected
Doñana Greater Ecosystem
2207
43
Doñana social-ecological system
3713
29
Sierra Nevada Greater Ecosystem
2230
77
Sierra Nevada social-ecological system
3655
48
Table 2. Zoning of the National and Natural Parks of Doñana and Sierra Nevada,
Services Provided by Them
Figure of Zone
Characteristics
Areas covered
Objectives of
protection
the zones
DOÑANA
National
Reserve
The
most Biological
and Very
few
Park
zone
protected area due Guadiamar
research
to its uniqueness, reserves,
tidal activities are
fragility,
influence zone of permitted.
biodiversity
or the Guadalquivir Grazing
is
scientific values
and Brazo del prohibited
Este,
coastal
Juniper
formations,
reedbeds, etc.
Restricted Very natural areas The rest of the Some
use zone that might support National Park
traditional uses
a certain degree of
are
allowed
non-intensive use
under
regulation
Moderate
use zone
Natural
areas Beach area
where
human
influence has been
higher.
These
areas can support
greater intensities
of human uses
Areas Covered by Them, Objectives of These Areas and Main
Areas
Objectives of
covered
the zones
SIERRA NEVADA
Includes
Not specified.
several
General criteria
mountain
and guidelines
wetlands
for the National
and
some Park applies
cliffs
Main
services
provided
BOTH AREAS
Hydrological
regulation,
climate
regulation,
erosion
control, satisfaction
for
biodiversity
conservation,
scientific knowledge
The rest of Not specified.
the National General criteria
Park
and guidelines
for the National
Park applies
Hydrological
regulation,
climate
regulation,
erosion
control, satisfaction
for
biodiversity
conservation,
scientific knowledge,
food from grazing,
cultural identity
Nature
tourism,
beach
tourism,
climate
regulation,
erosion control, food
from
agriculture,
food from grazing
Nature tourism Reforested
is allowed
areas with
pines,
farming
areas, skiing
areas,
mountain
refuges and
recreation
Not specified.
General criteria
and guidelines
for the National
Park applies
Special
use zones
Natural
Park
Small areas where
construction sites
and infrastructures
are located. It also
includes
the
infrastructures
needed to provide
services to visitors
and the protected
area offices
Zone of Areas located in
protection the surroundings
of the National
Park that act as
buffer areas
Reserve
Areas dedicated to
zones (A) conservation,
research,
ecological
regeneration and
environmental
education
Special
Natural zones with
regulation different degrees
zones (B) of
human
transformation in
which traditional
uses
(mainly
forestry, grazing or
hunting)
are
maintained
Visitor
centers
and their parking
areas, Palacio de
Doñana
and
Marismilla
buildings.
Not specified
areas
Access to this Roads,
areas is not mountain
restricted
to refuges
users
Not specified
Not specified. Environmental
General criteria education, recreation
and guidelines
for the National
Park applies
Not existing Not existing in Coastal
protection,
in
Sierra Sierra Nevada
hydrological
Nevada
regulation,
erosion
control, recreation,
shellfish gathering,
Several
areas Dedicated to Wetlands
Biodiversity
Satisfaction
for
given
their conservation,
and
peat conservation,
biodiversity
importance
for research,
bogs
research
and conservation,
fauna and flora maintenance
environmental
scientific knowledge
conservation and of ecological
education
and
environmental
their
processes and
education
geomorphological environmental
uniqueness
education
Includes
hilly Dedicated to Forest,
Sustainable use Forest products, food
areas,
non- the
bush,
and of
grazing, from
agriculture,
exploited marshes maintenance
pasture
forest use and food from grazing,
and
exploited of the system areas.
hunting
recreational hunting,
marshes
with
Includes the compatible with satisfaction
for
traditional uses buffer area biodiversity
biodiversity
that
allow for alpine conservation.
conservation, climate
biodiversity
skiing
Multiregulation,
conservation
functionality
hydrological
Common Less natural areas
regulation in which different
zones (C) uses are allowed.
They
include
diverse uses such
as
agriculture,
grazing or skiing
Cultivated areas,
intensive
aquaculture areas
and buildings.
Zone not Areas excluded of Not existing
included
the environmental Doñana
in
any zoning
category
(D)
Dedicated to
minimize the
impacts of the
farming
activities and
construction
sites existing
in it
in Not existing in
Doñana
Some bush
areas,
cultivated
areas,
ski
area, mining
areas
Dedicated
to
minimize
the
impacts of the
activities within
it
Urban areas
Dedicated
to
minimize
the
impacts of the
activities within
it
regulation
Food
from
agriculture,
food
from grazing, food
from aquaculture, ski
tourism
Figure 1. Greater ecosystems (biophysical systems) of Doñana and Sierra Nevada, and the land
of these covered by the National and Natural Parks.
Figure 2. Ecosystem service delivery in the Doñana social-ecological system. White areas
within the social-ecological systems represent zero (or very low) ecosystem service value for the
services selected.
Figure 3. Ecosystem service delivery in the Sierra Nevada social-ecological system. White areas
within the social-ecological systems represent zero (or very low) ecosystem service value for the
services selected.