Supplementary Information
Table S1. Full dataset. (Attached separately as a Microsoft Excel file.)
Figure Captions
Figure S1. Funnel plots for fish effects on benthic (a) and emerging (b) prey. Plots are produced
using the funnel() command on an rma.uni model.
Figure S2. Forest plots of individual effect sizes (squares) and average effect sizes (diamonds at
the bottom) for fish effects on emerging and benthic prey. a) Forest plot for emergence responses
without trim-and-fill values, b) forest plot for emergence with trim-and-fill values, c) forest plot
for benthic responses. No trim-and-fill estimates are included for the benthic responses, because
Egger’s test was not significant. (It was marginally significant for emergence responses (p =
0.07)).
1
Standard Error
a)
0.612 0.459 0.306 0.153 0.000
Figure S1.
-1.50 -1.00 -0.50 0.00
0.50
1.00
Standard Error
b)
0.625 0.469 0.313 0.156 0.000
Observed Outcome
-2.00
-1.00
0.00
Observed Outcome
2
0.50
1.00
Figure S2.
a)
Study
Study
Study
Study
Study
Study
Study
Study
Study
Study
Study
Study
Study
Study
Study
Study
Study
Study
Study
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
-0.10 [ -0.34 , 0.15 ]
-0.89 [ -1.25 , -0.52 ]
0.00 [ -0.25 , 0.24 ]
-0.10 [ -0.30 , 0.11 ]
-0.89 [ -1.22 , -0.56 ]
-0.45 [ -0.84 , -0.06 ]
-0.14 [ -0.58 , 0.29 ]
-0.48 [ -0.87 , -0.10 ]
-0.86 [ -1.21 , -0.51 ]
-0.99 [ -2.03 , 0.05 ]
-0.91 [ -2.04 , 0.22 ]
-1.27 [ -2.50 , -0.04 ]
-1.03 [ -1.21 , -0.84 ]
-0.34 [ -0.54 , -0.14 ]
-0.45 [ -0.67 , -0.23 ]
-0.77 [ -1.05 , -0.49 ]
-0.91 [ -1.22 , -0.59 ]
-0.03 [ -0.20 , 0.14 ]
-1.20 [ -1.61 , -0.80 ]
RE Model
-0.56 [ -0.75 , -0.37 ]
-3.00
b)
-1.00 0.00 1.00
Observed Outcome
Study 1
Study 2
Study 3
Study 4
Study 5
Study 6
Study 7
Study 8
Study 9
Study 10
Study 11
Study 12
Study 13
Study 14
Study 15
Study 16
Study 17
Study 18
Study 19
Filled 1
Filled 2
-0.10 [ -0.34 , 0.15 ]
-0.89 [ -1.25 , -0.52 ]
0.00 [ -0.25 , 0.24 ]
-0.10 [ -0.30 , 0.11 ]
-0.89 [ -1.22 , -0.56 ]
-0.45 [ -0.84 , -0.06 ]
-0.14 [ -0.58 , 0.29 ]
-0.48 [ -0.87 , -0.10 ]
-0.86 [ -1.21 , -0.51 ]
-0.99 [ -2.03 , 0.05 ]
-0.91 [ -2.04 , 0.22 ]
-1.27 [ -2.50 , -0.04 ]
-1.03 [ -1.21 , -0.84 ]
-0.34 [ -0.54 , -0.14 ]
-0.45 [ -0.67 , -0.23 ]
-0.77 [ -1.05 , -0.49 ]
-0.91 [ -1.22 , -0.59 ]
-0.03 [ -0.20 , 0.14 ]
-1.20 [ -1.61 , -0.80 ]
0.19 [ -0.22 , 0.60 ]
0.26 [ -0.97 , 1.48 ]
RE Model
-0.51 [ -0.70 , -0.32 ]
-3.00
-1.00
1.00
Observed Outcome
c)
Study
Study
Study
Study
Study
Study
Study
Study
Study
Study
Study
Study
Study
Study
Study
Study
Study
Study
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
0.01 [ -0.47 , 0.50 ]
0.36 [ -0.19 , 0.91 ]
-0.32 [ -0.80 , 0.17 ]
-0.32 [ -0.82 , 0.18 ]
-0.69 [ -1.24 , -0.15 ]
0.03 [ -0.08 , 0.15 ]
0.13 [ -0.85 , 1.12 ]
-0.46 [ -0.67 , -0.24 ]
-0.48 [ -1.31 , 0.35 ]
-0.17 [ -0.46 , 0.11 ]
-0.08 [ -0.18 , 0.01 ]
0.22 [ -0.78 , 1.23 ]
-0.48 [ -1.43 , 0.46 ]
-0.01 [ -1.16 , 1.13 ]
-0.09 [ -1.16 , 0.98 ]
0.11 [ -0.89 , 1.11 ]
0.63 [ -0.23 , 1.49 ]
-0.44 [ -1.64 , 0.76 ]
RE Model
-0.14 [ -0.28 , 0.00 ]
-3.00
-1.00
1.00
Observed Outcome
3