表一、海生所 104 學年專題討論(二) 摘要表
IMB 104 Seminar (II) Abstract form
報告日期/Date：2015
年/year 09
月/month 30
日/day
班別/學生姓名：Thomas Allan Rayner
Class/Name:
題目 Title: Cultured copepods as food for West Australian dhufish
(Glaucosoma hebraicum) and pink snapper (Pagrus auratus) larvae.
作者 Author(s): MF Payne, RJ Rippingale, JJ Cleary,
期刊 Journal name: Aquaculture
期頁數 Issue and page nos: 194(2001): 137-150
摘要 Abstract:
Copepods have often improved larviculture of marine fish species that are not easily reared
using rotifers. One such species is Glaucosoma hebraicum. G. hebraicum larvae were reared on a
combined diet consisting of equal numbers of cultured copepod nauplii and rotifers and a diet of
rotifers only. Growth was significantly greater in larvae fed with the combined diet. Survival was
37% in the copepodrrotifer-fed larvae compared to 5% in the rotifer-fed larvae. Two separate
methods of presenting copepod nauplii to Pagrus auratus larvae were also examined. Firstly,
copepods nauplii were provided as the sole diet during the first feeding phase followed by rotifers.
Secondly, rotifers were supplemented with copepod nauplii for an extended period. P. auratus
larvae grew faster than rotifer fed controls in both trials. Larvae fed with the supplemented diet for
an extended period grew fastest. There was no significant difference in survival and swim bladder
inflation in P. auratus larvae, although those treatments with copepods in their diet were
consistently higher. Improved larval growth and survival in both fish species were attributed to
preferential selection of copepod nauplii and their high nutritional content.
題目 Title: Improving Live Feeds: Effect of a Mixed Diet of Copepod Nauplii
(Acartia tonsa) and Rotifers on the Survival and Growth of First-Feeding
Larvae of the Southern Flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma.
作者 Author(s): JA Wilcox, PL Tracy, and NH Marcus
期刊 Journal name: Journal of the World Aquaculture Society
期頁數 Issue and page nos: 37 (1) (2006): 113-120
摘要 Abstract:
With seas rapidly approaching maximum sustainable yield for most fish species, and far exceeding it for a few,
production of marine species for aquaculture has become critical in orderto meet the burgeoning demand for
seafood. Production aquaculture requires vast numbers of juveniles to stock in order to grow sufficient
quantities of fish at commercial scale. However, the production of juveniles of many valuable marine species
has proven to be difficult with the presently available early feeds. While the industry-standard early feeds are
rotifers (Brachionus sp.) or brine shrimp (Artemia sp.), many marine species perform poorly or fail to survive
on these diets (Jung and Clemmesen 1997; Rønnestad et al. 1998; Planas and Cunha 1999; Hamre et al. 2002).
Extensive green water culture of zooplankton and larval fish has allowed some marine culture success, but this
technique provides little control over water quality or introduced pathogens and parasites (Karlsbakk et al.
2003). Development of appropriate larval feeds, which enable the growth and maturation of mass quantities of
target fishes from egg to juvenile, has become a focal component of aquaculture research. In recent years,
studies have shown that for a number of marine fish species, diets composed of copepod nauplii result in better
development, growth, nutritional content, and survival of the first-feeding larvae compared to diets consisting
solely of rotifers and brine shrimp (Watanabe et al. 1983; Støttrup et al. 1986; Kraul et al. 1992, 1993; Støttrup
and Norsker 1997; Schipp et al. 1999; Shields et al. 1999; Støttrup 2000; Payne et al. 2001; Evjemo et al.
2004). Southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma, is a prime candidate species for aquaculture. They are
harvested commercially and by recreational fishermen, and they are considered excellent table fare. Their
native range includes estuarine waters from North Carolina to Cape Canaveral, Florida, and from Tampa,
Florida, to Southern Texas. Their capacity to tolerate a broad range of salinity has generated interest in their
potential cultivation inland using hard fresh water or saline nonpotable well water, similar to what is being
done with red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). The development of intensive culture methods for the southern
lounder is of great interest because of its status as a highly desirable food fish and its potential for commercial
production. Although larvae of this species have been reared successfully to juveniles using rotifers and brine
shrimp, the incidence of variable mortality and developmental abnormalities in early life stages has hindered
attempts to produce southern flounder juveniles in large numbers (Daniels et al. 1996; Denson and Smith 1997;
Benetti et al. 2001; Heyward and Smith 2001; Henne and Watanabe 2003; Moustakas et al. 2004). This study
reports on the effectiveness of copepod nauplii produced in batch culture in the laboratory as a first feed for
rearing southern flounder. Acartia tonsa was chosen as the test food because it is one of the locally dominant
estuarine copepods, and southern flounder use estuaries for feeding during their early developmental stages
(Burke 1995; Daniels 2000). Although numerous studies on prey selectivity in larval fish can be found in the
literature, only a few (Naess et al. 1995; Doi et al. 1997; Toledo et al. 1999; Payne et al. 2001) tested the
effectiveness of monospecific diets of copepods or rotifers versus simultaneous mixtures of copepods and
rotifers or brine shrimp on larval survival and growth. Because copepod nauplii have been shown to improve
larval fish performance in other species, and rotifers are an established first food for larval southern flounder,
this study was designed to test a mixed diet of copepod nauplii and rotifers. In this study, we compared the
survival and growth of flounder larvae fed exclusively S-type or SS-type rotifers, two strains of Brachionus
rotundiformis (Hagiwara et al. 1995; Serra et al. 1998), to those fed a 50/50 diet of copepod nauplii and S-type
rotifers.
題目 Title: Food Selection of Early Grouper, Epinephelus coioides, Larvae
Reared by the Semi-intensive Method.
作者 Author(s): JD Toledo, SN Ggolez, M Dor and A Ohno.
期刊 Journal name: Aquaculture Science
期頁數 Issue and page nos: 45 (3) (1997): 327-337
摘要 Abstract:
The grouper, Epinephelus coioides, larvae were reared in outdoor tanks with nauplii of copepods
and/or rotifers, Brachionus rotundiformis as food. Nauplii propagated in tanks consisted mainly of
Pseudodiaptomus annandalei and Acartia tsuensis. Gut content was examined for a total of 953
larvae sampled from day 3 to day 10 (day of hatching being day 0). Grouper larvae successfully
started feeding on early stage nauplii even if their abundance was as low as ca. 100 ind./l and
showed better survival and growth thereafter compared to those fed with rotifers only. Feeding
incidence reached 100% on day 4 when nauplii were available and only on day 9 when rotifers
were given alone. Selective feeding ability of larvae seemed to start from day 4 and the larvae
thereafter preferred to feed on medium- and large-size nauplii than rotifers. Coastal calanoid
copepods of the genera Pseudodiaptomus and Acartia could be reproduced in tanks and their nauplii
can be used as food for marine fish larval rearing.