Nutrition Definitions
Term
AMINO ACID
ANABOLIC
BIOMOLECULES
Definition
is the basic building block of protein
a chemical reaction where small molecules join
together to make larger molecules e.g.
photosynthesis
are chemicals that make up living things. They
are made up of elements such as carbon (C),
hydrogen (H), oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N).
CALCIUM
Symbol (Ca). It is an element needed to make
bones, teeth, plant cell walls and in clotting
blood
CARBOHYDRATES
are chemicals such as sugars and starches that
give energy to living things. They contain carbon
(C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). [Formula Cx
(H2O) y].
CARBON
Symbol (C). It's an element that is found in all
living things.
a chemical reaction where larger substances are
broken down into smaller molecules e.g.
digestion
is a large carbohydrate. It makes plant cell walls
and is very strong walls.
Symbol (Cu). It is a trace element
CATABOLIC
CELLULOSE
COPPER
DISACCHARIDE
is a substance that has two sugar units e.g.
maltose is made up of two glucose units
FAT
is a solid lipid. E.g. butter. It gives us energy,
stores it and keeps us warm.
are long carbon (C) chains found in fats
FATTY ACIDS
FIBRE
GLUCOSE
GLYCOGEN
IRON
LACTOSE
roughage) is cellulose. We cannot digest it
[keeps the faeces moving] e.g. found in fruit and
vegetables (plant cell walls).
a simple sugar (C6H12O6). It is the main supplier
of energy in the body
is a stored polysaccharide (chain of sugar units)
found in animal cells e.g. muscle cells.
Symbol (Fe). It is an important part of
haemoglobin (red pigment) in blood - lack of iron
(Fe) in the blood causes anaemia
is a sugar molecule made up of one galactose
unit and one glucose unit (disaccharide). It is
found in milk.
LIPID
MAGNESIUM
MALTOSE
METABOLISM
MINERAL
MONOSACCHARIDE
NITROGEN
NUTRIENTS
PEPTIDE
PHOSPHORUS
POLYPEPTIDE
PROTEIN
is another word for fats, oils and waxes
Symbol (Mg). An element needed to make
chlorophyll
a sugar molecule made up of two glucose units
(disaccharide)
all of the chemical reactions which take place in
any living thing
These are dissolved salts. They are needed for
healthy bodies e.g. calcium salts help form bones
is the simplest form of sugar made up of one
sugar unit e.g. glucose
Symbol (N). It makes up about 80% of the air but
is of little use as gas. It is needed to make
proteins and DNA
these are the chemicals needed to enable living
things to live and grow.
a small chain of amino acids - a small part of a
protein
Symbol (P). It is an element which is needed to
make bones, ATP and DNA
is a chain of many peptides
is a long chain of amino acids folded up to form
3-D shapes. Each protein has a different job.
STARCH
this is a food molecule where large numbers of
sugar molecules have been joined together
TRACE ELEMENTS
these are elements which are necessary for
health. They must be present but are needed in
very tiny amounts
is a chemical which is essential for life but which
a living organism cannot make for itself. Vitamins
must be obtained from food usually in very small
amounts
Symbol (Zn). It is a trace element. It has many
uses but in biology can be part of many active
sites on enzymes. Sometimes used in first aid
plasters to speed up healing.
VITAMIN
ZINC
Term
AMINO ACID
ANABOLIC
BIOMOLECULES
CALCIUM
CARBOHYDRATES
CARBON
CATABOLIC
CELLULOSE
COPPER
DISACCHARIDE
FAT
FATTY ACIDS
FIBRE
GLUCOSE
GLYCOGEN
IRON
Definition
LACTOSE
LIPID
MAGNESIUM
MALTOSE
METABOLISM
MINERAL
MONOSACCHARIDE
NITROGEN
NUTRIENTS
PEPTIDE
PHOSPHORUS
POLYPEPTIDE
PROTEIN
STARCH
TRACE ELEMENTS
VITAMIN
ZINC
Term
Definition
is the basic building block of protein
a chemical reaction where small molecules join
together to make larger molecules e.g.
photosynthesis
are chemicals that make up living things. They
are made up of elements such as carbon (C),
hydrogen (H), oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N).
Symbol (Ca). It is an element needed to make
bones, teeth, plant cell walls and in clotting
blood
are chemicals such as sugars and starches that
give energy to living things. They contain carbon
(C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). [Formula Cx
(H2O) y].
Symbol (C). It's an element that is found in all
living things.
a chemical reaction where larger substances are
broken down into smaller molecules e.g.
digestion
is a large carbohydrate. It makes plant cell walls
and is very strong walls.
Symbol (Cu). It is a trace element
is a substance that has two sugar units e.g.
maltose is made up of two glucose units
is a solid lipid. E.g. butter. It gives us energy,
stores it and keeps us warm.
are long carbon (C) chains found in fats
roughage) is cellulose. We cannot digest it
[keeps the faeces moving] e.g. found in fruit and
vegetables (plant cell walls).
a simple sugar (C6H12O6). It is the main supplier
of energy in the body
is a stored polysaccharide (chain of sugar units)
found in animal cells e.g. muscle cells.
Symbol (Fe). It is an important part of
haemoglobin (red pigment) in blood - lack of iron
(Fe) in the blood causes anaemia
is a sugar molecule made up of one galactose
unit and one glucose unit (disaccharide). It is
found in milk.
is another word for fats, oils and waxes
Symbol (Mg). An element needed to make
chlorophyll
a sugar molecule made up of two glucose units
(disaccharide)
all of the chemical reactions which take place in
any living thing
These are dissolved salts. They are needed for
healthy bodies e.g. calcium salts help form bones
is the simplest form of sugar made up of one
sugar unit e.g. glucose
Symbol (N). It makes up about 80% of the air but
is of little use as gas. It is needed to make
proteins and DNA
these are the chemicals needed to enable living
things to live and grow.
a small chain of amino acids - a small part of a
protein
Symbol (P). It is an element which is needed to
make bones, ATP and DNA
is a chain of many peptides
is a long chain of amino acids folded up to form
3-D shapes. Each protein has a different job.
this is a food molecule where large numbers of
sugar molecules have been joined together
these are elements which are necessary for
health. They must be present but are needed in
very tiny amounts
is a chemical which is essential for life but which
a living organism cannot make for itself. Vitamins
must be obtained from food usually in very small
amounts
Symbol (Zn). It is a trace element. It has many
uses but in biology can be part of many active
sites on enzymes. Sometimes used in first aid
plasters to speed up healing.