Other useful substances from crude oil Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbon fuels Obtaining useful substances from crude oil Ethanol Polymers Vegetable oils Plant oils and their uses Emulsions Changes in the Earth and its atmosphere Saturated fats and unsaturated oils The Earth’s crust The fundamental ideas in chemistry. Metals and their uses. Limestone and building materials. Atoms. Extracting metals. Calcium carbonate. The periodic table. Alloys. Properties and uses of metals. Crude oil and fuels Chemical reactions Crude oil How structure influences the properties and uses of substances The Earth’s atmosphere Structure and bonding Molecules Covalent structures Ionic compounds Nanoscience Metals Polymers Atomic structure, analysis and quantitative chemistry Atomic structure Quantitative chemistry Analysing substances Energy transfer in chemical reactions Rates of reaction Exothermic and endothermic reactions Acids and bases Acids, bases and salts Making salts Electrolysis The he T The periodic table The early periodic table Trends within the periodic table The modern periodic table Water Purifying water Hard and soft water Calculating and explaining energy change Energy from reactions Further analysis and quantitative chemistry Analysisng substances The production of ammonia Alcohols, carboxylic acids and esters Making ammonia Alcohols Carboxylic acids Esters