PWDGR: Pair-Wise Directional Geographical Routing
Based on Wireless Sensor Network
ABSTRACT:
Multipath routing in wireless multimedia sensor network makes it possible to
transfer data simultaneously so as to reduce delay and congestion and it is worth
researching. However, the current multipath routing strategy may cause problem
that the node energy near sink becomes obviously higher than other nodes which
makes the network invalid and dead. It also has serious impact on the performance
of wireless multimedia sensor network (WMSN). In this paper, we propose a pairwise directional geographical routing (PWDGR) strategy to solve the energy
bottleneck problem. First, the source node can send the data to the pair-wise node
around the sink node in accordance with certain algorithm and then it will send the
data to the sink node. These pair-wise nodes are equally selected in 360 ◦ scope
around sink according to a certain algorithm. Therefore, it can effectively relieve
the serious energy burden around Sink and also make a balance between energy
consumption and end-to-end delay. Theoretical analysis and a lot of simulation
experiments on PWDGR have been done and the results indicate that PWDGR is
superior to the proposed strategies of the similar strategies both in the view of the
theory and the results of those simulation experiments. With respect to the
strategies of the same kind, PWDGR is able to prolong 70% network life. The
delay time is also measured and it is only increased by 8.1% compared with the
similar strategies.
EXISTING SYSTEM:
 Ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector (AOMDV) is a multipath
protocol which is designed according to ad hoc on-demand distance vector
(AODV) and AOMDV builds uncrossed multipath loop-free links. However,
load distribution mechanism is not introduced into AOMDV for multipath
transmission and standby path is used for communication unless the main
path is broken.
 It uses different route table management strategies to build path with optimal
hop to the sink, adds the delay time into route table, and takes nodes of
middle nodes with less delay time as next node. However, the whole path
needs to be flooded at the stage of building route in protocol and keeping
route table information at each node will consume large quantity of energy.
 Low-interference energy-efficient multipath routing protocol (LIEMRO)
selects next node through cost function which considers node residual
energy, node interference and link quality (ETX value). I2MR needs special
network architecture and especial hardware supporting and it is not feasible
for many applications.
DISADVANTAGES OF EXISTING SYSTEM:
 More energy consumption
 Reduce the network lifetime
 Low-interference energy-efficient multipath routing protocol is not feasible
for many applications
PROPOSED SYSTEM:
 In this project, we propose a pair-wise directional geographical routing
(PWDGR) strategy to solve the energy bottleneck problem. We make the
full use of the nodes that around sink through pair-wise node.
 The path angle around sink has been ignored in the previous researches and,
therefore, it is unable to make full use of neighbor nodes around sink. In our
program, the neighbor nodes in the 360◦scope around sink are fully used,
transmission angle of paths is selected in the 360◦ scope, and pair-wise node
is selected as destination node in the 360◦ scope around sink node according
to the transmission path of each path when source sends data in paths and
then retransmits to sink after arriving the pair-wise node.
 The algorithm of source multipath dispatch-selection first-hop node is
optimized by taking the energy consumption problem into consideration and
the follow-up retransmission node changes accordingly after the first hope
node changes so that the energy consumption of the whole network keeps
balance to a higher degree.
ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM:
 Reduce the energy consumption
 Increase the network lifetime
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE:
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
PWDGR
Directional
Geographical Routing
Solve the energy
bottleneck problem
Pair-wise nodes are
equally selected
360o scope
By use certain
algorithm
Source node sends
data
Balance the energy
consumption
Around the sink
Send data to sink
Pair wise nodes
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS:
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
 System
:
Pentium IV 2.4 GHz.
 Hard Disk
:
40 GB.
 Floppy Drive
:
1.44 Mb.
 Monitor
:
15 VGA Colour.
 Mouse
:
Logitech.
 Ram
:
512 Mb.
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
 Operating system :
Windows XP/7/LINUX.
 Implementation
:
NS2
 NS2 Version
:
NS2.2.28
 Front End
:
OTCL
(Object
Oriented
Tool
Command
Language)
 Tool
:
Cygwin (To simulate in Windows OS)
REFERENCE:
Junfeng Wang, Yin Zhang, Jialun Wang, Yujun Ma, and Min Chen, Senior
Member, IEEE, “PWDGR: Pair-Wise Directional Geographical Routing Based on
Wireless Sensor Network”, IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL, VOL.
2, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 2015.