Geology Unit Test Review
Name__________________________________________________
Part I: Maps and Mapping
1. Define the following words:
map
topographic map
contour line
contour interval
scale
latitude
longitude
2. Find the latitude and longitude of the following cities:
Portland, Oregon
Quito, Ecuador
Manila, Philippines
Paris, France
3. Using the map below answer the following questions.
a. What is the contour interval of this map?
b. Which point on this map is steeper, E or C? How do you know?
c. How high is point A?
Part II: Rocks and Minerals
1. List the five parts to the definition of a mineral:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2. There are 8 characteristics we used to identify minerals, list and describe all
eight.
a.
b.
c.
d,
e.
g.
h.
i.
3. Which two of these do you think are most helpful in identifying minerals? Why?
4. Fill in the following rock cycle diagram:
5. Fill out the following table:
Rock type
Where formed
Intrusive
igneous
Extrusive
igneous
Clastic
sedimentary
Chemical
sedimentary
Foliated
metamorphic
Non-foliated
metamorphic
How formed
Texture
Example
Part III: Earth’s Layers and Plate Tectonics
1. What is the difference between the lithosphere and asthenosphere?
2. Diagram the layers of the Earth, include the inner core, the outer core, mantle,
lithosphere and asthenosphere.
3. Describe the physical characteristics of the following layers of the Earth:
lithosphereasthenospheremantleouter coreinner core4. What is the difference between the theories of continental drift and plate
tectonics.
5. Diagram a continental – continental divergent boundary. List what features are
formed, how they are formed and give an example of where you would find this
boundary.
6. Diagram a continental – oceanic convergent boundary. List what features are
formed, how they are formed and give an example of where you would find this
boundary.
7. Diagram an oceanic-oceanic divergent boundary. List what features are formed,
how they are formed and give an example of where you would find this boundary.
8. Describe how Hawaii was formed.
Part IV: Geologic Time
1. What is the difference between absolute dating and relative dating?
2. Explain the following principals of relative dating:
a. superposition
b. cross-cutting relationships
c. original horizontality
d. unconformity
e. inclusions
3. Define uniformitarianism.
4. Look at the following diagram and place the features in chronological order.
Part V: Oceans
1. How much of the Earth’s surface is covered by oceans?
2. What are the five major ocean basins?
a. Where are these ocean basins located?
3. How does the topography of the ocean floor compare to the topography of land?
4. How do continental margins on the Atlantic coast of the United States compare to
those on the Pacific coast?
5. Draw a diagram of an ocean cross-section. Include the following on the diagram:
a. continental margin – include continental shelf, slope, rise, submarine
canyon
b. ocean basin floor – abyssal plain, island arc, guyot, seamount, trench
c. MOR – ridges, rifts
6. What are abyssal plains?
9a. How are they formed?
7. What type of tectonic boundary occurs at mid-ocean ridges?
8. What is the source of salt in ocean waters?
8a. What is the most common salt in the ocean water?
9. Describe three ways to decrease the salinity of ocean water.
10. Describe two ways to increase the salinity of ocean water.
11. We know that the density of seawater is affected by temperature and salinity.
Where would you be most likely to find the largest differences in density due to
temperature?
11a. Where would you be most likely to find the largest differences in
density due to salinity?
12. How does surface and deep ocean water temperatures compare in the high and
low latitudes?
13. How do surface currents develop?
14. What is the Coriolis Effect?
14a. What part does it play in ocean currents?
15. What role do ocean currents play in the Earth’s climates?
16. How do deep ocean currents develop?
16a. What is the “great conveyor belt”?
16b. How does it relate to deep ocean currents?
17. Where do most ocean waves get their energy?
18. What is the force that produces tides?
19. What is the difference between spring and neap tides?
19a. Diagram the relative positions of the Earth and moon during both tides.
Spring tide
neap tide
20. What are the three types of tidal patterns?
20a. Which one does Maine experience?
21. What is the tidal range?
21a. How would you calculate the tidal range for a given day?