Top list of references – AMD These references are the key land mark studies investigating the prevalence (1,2), natural course (3-8) and treatment of AMD (8 - 13): 1. Klein R, Klein BEK, Linton KLP. Prevalence of Age related Maculopathy. The Beaver Dam Study. Ophthalmology 1992; 99: 933-43. 2. Wong WL, Su X, Li X, Cheung CMG, Klein R, Cheng C-Y, et al. Global prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and disease burden projection for 2020 and 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Global Health. 2014. 3. van Leeuwen R, Klaver CC, Vingerling JR, Hofman A, de Jong PT. The risk and natural course of age-related maculopathy: follow-up at 6 1/2 years in the Rotterdam study. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003 Apr;121(4):519-26. 4. Wang JJ, Foran S, Smith W, Mitchell P. Risk of age-related macular degeneration in eyes with macular drusen or hyperpigmentation: the Blue Mountains Eye Study cohort. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003 May;121(5):658-63. 5. Chakravarthy U, Wong TY, Fletcher A, Piault E, Evans C, Zlateva G, et al. Clinical risk factors for age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC ophthalmology. 2010;10:31. PubMed PMID: 21144031. Pubmed Central PMCID: 3009619. 6. Thornton J, Edwards R, Mitchell P, Harrison RA, Buchan I, Kelly SP. Smoking and age-related macular degeneration: a review of association. Eye. 2005 Sep;19(9):935-44. PubMed PMID: 16151432. 7. Lim LS, Mitchell P, Seddon JM, Holz FG, Wong TY. Age-related macular degeneration. Lancet. 2012 May 5;379(9827):1728-38. PubMed PMID: 22559899. 8. Gorin MB. Genetic insights into age-related macular degeneration: controversies addressing risk, causality, and therapeutics. Molecular aspects of medicine. 2012 Aug;33(4):467-86. PubMed PMID: 22561651. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC3392516. Epub 2012/05/09. eng. 9. Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 Research Group. Lutein + zeaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids for age-related macular degeneration: the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013;309:2005-2015 10. Prof Usha Chakravarthy, Prof Simon Harding, Chris A Rogers, Susan M Downes, Prof Andrew Lotery, Lucy A Culliford, Prof Barnaby C Reeves, on behalf of the IVAN study investigators. Alternative treatments to inhibit VEGF in age-related choroidal neovascularisation: 2-year findings of the IVAN randomised controlled trial. The Lancet .2013 Oct, 382(9900);1258 – 1267 11. CATT Research Group, Daniel F. Martin, Maureen G. Maguire, Stuart L. Fine, Gui-shuang Ying, Glenn J. Jaffe, Juan E. Grunwald, Cynthia Toth, Maryann Redford, Frederick L. Ferris. Ranibizumab and Bevacizumab for Treatment of Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration: Two-Year Results. Ophthalmology July 2012: 119(7); 1388-1398 12. Jeffrey S. Heier, David M. Brown, Victor Chong, Jean-Francois Korobelnik, Peter K. Kaiser, Quan Dong Nguyen, Bernd Kirchhof, Allen Ho, Yuichiro Ogura, George D. Yancopoulos, Neil Stahl, MD, Robert Vitti, Alyson J. Berliner, Yuhwen Soo, Majid Anderesi, Georg Groetzbach, Bernd Sommerauer, , Rupert Sandbrink, Christian Simader, Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth, VIEW 1 and VIEW 2 Study Groups. Intravitreal Aflibercept (VEGF Trap-Eye) in Wet Age-related Macular Degeneration. Ophthalmology December 2012: 119(12); 2537-2548. 13. Photodynamic therapy of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration with verteporfin: one- year results of 2 randomized clinical trials--TAP report. Treatment of age-related macular degeneration with photodynamic therapy (TAP) Study Group. Arch Ophthalmol. 1999 Oct;117(10):1329-45 Also search “age-related macular degeneration” on www.thecochranelibrary.com IAPB is grateful to the contributors: Tanya Moutray and Jennifer Evans 2014