Supplemental Data
Table 1. Search strategy used to capture randomized controlled trials in PubMed
Search
Syntax
Search 1
antibiotic prophylaxis[MeSH Terms] OR "antibiotic prophylaxis"[All Fields]
OR (antibiotics[tiab] AND prophylaxis[tiab]) OR (antibiotic[tiab] AND
prophylaxis[tiab])
Search 2
((exp glycopeptides[MeSH Terms] OR glycopeptide[tiab] OR
glycopeptides[tiab] OR vancomycin[tiab] OR teicoplanin[tiab] OR exp betalactams[MeSH Terms] OR beta-lactams[tiab] OR beta-lactam[tiab] OR
cephalosporin[tiab] OR cephalosporins[tiab] OR cefazolin[tiab] OR
cefonicid[tiab] OR cefsulodin[tiab] OR cephacetrile[tiab] OR
cephaloridine[tiab] OR cephamycins[tiab] OR cefuroxime[tiab]) AND
(prophylaxis[tiab] OR prophylactic[tiab] OR prophylactically[tiab]))
Search 3
"surgical site infection"[tiab] OR "surgical site infections"[tiab] OR surgical
wound infection[MeSH Terms] OR "surgical wound infection"[tiab] OR
"surgical wound infections"[tiab] OR ssi[tiab]
Search 4
(surgery[tiab] OR surgical[tiab]) AND (wound[tiab] OR wounds[tiab] OR
site[tiab]) AND (infection[tiab] OR infections[tiab])
Search 5
(#1 OR #2) AND (#3 OR #4)
Search 6
(exp Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures[Mesh]) OR exp Orthopedic
Procedures[Mesh]
Search 7
heart[tiab] OR cardiac[tiab] OR myocardium[tiab] OR myocardial[tiab] OR
cardiovascular[tiab] OR vascular[tiab] OR orthopaedic[tiab] OR
orthopedic[tiab] OR orthopaedics[tiab] OR orthopedics[tiab] OR
prosthesis[tiab] OR prosthetic[tiab] OR hip[tiab] OR joint[tiab] OR
arthroplasty[tiab] OR arthroplasties[tiab] OR knee[tiab] OR bypass[tiab] OR
arthrodesis[tiab] OR transplantation[tiab] OR arthroscopy[tiab] OR
diskectomy[tiab] OR osteotomy[tiab] OR tenodesis[tiab] OR traction[tiab] OR
reconstruction[tiab] OR "clean surgery"[tiab] OR "clean surgical"[tiab] OR
thoracic[tiab] OR cardiothoracic[tiab])
Search 8
#6 OR #7
Search 9
#5 AND #8
Search 10
Filtered Search 9 to the following publication types: All types of clinical trials,
comparative study, evaluation studies, guideline, multicenter study, validation
studies
Search 11
Exp Epidemiologic Studies[Mesh]
Search 12
(randomised[tiab] OR randomized[tiab] OR prospective [tiab] OR
retrospective[tiab] OR case-control[tiab] OR cohort[tiab] OR crosssection[tiab] OR cross-sectional[tiab] OR longitudinal[tiab] OR followup[tiab] OR multi-center[tiab] OR multi-centre[tiab] OR comparison[tiab] OR
comparative[tiab] OR observational[tiab])
Search 13
#9 AND (#11 OR #12)
Search 14
#10 OR #13
Table 2. Search strategy used to capture randomized controlled trials in Scopus.
Search
Syntax
Search 1:
((TITLE-ABS-KEY("surgical site infection" OR "surgical site infections" OR
"surgical wound infection" OR "surgical wound infections" OR ssi) OR
TITLE-ABS-KEY((surgery OR surgical) AND (wound OR wounds OR site)
AND (infection OR infections))) AND ((TITLE-ABS-KEY("antibiotic
prophylaxis" OR (antibiotics AND prophylaxis) OR (antibiotic AND
prophylaxis)) AND SUBJAREA(MULT OR AGRI OR BIOC OR IMMU OR
NEUR OR PHAR OR MULT OR MEDI OR NURS OR VETE OR DENT OR
HEAL))
TITLE-ABS-KEY((glycopeptide? OR vancomycin OR teicoplanin OR betalactam? OR cephalosporin? OR cefazolin OR cefonicid OR cefsulodin OR
cephacetrile OR cephaloridine OR cephamycins OR cefuroxime) AND
(prophylaxis OR prophylact*))
TITLE-ABS-KEY((bleomycin OR peptidoglycan OR ristocetin OR
peplomycin or phleomycins) AND (prophylaxis or prophylact*)))
Search 2:
Search 3:
Search 4:
(#1 or #2 or #3) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY("clinical trial" OR "clinical trials"
OR randomised OR randomized OR prospective OR retrospective OR casecontrol OR cohort OR cross-section OR cross-sectional OR longitudinal OR
follow-up OR multi-center OR multi-centre OR comparison OR comparative
OR observational)
Search 5:
#4 AND TITLE-ABS-KEY(cardiac OR myocard* OR cardiovascular OR
vascular OR thoracic OR cardiothoracic OR orthopedic* OR orthopaedic* OR
prosthesis OR prosthetic OR hip OR joint OR arthroplast* OR diskectom* OR
osteotom* OR tenodesis OR traction OR reconstruct* OR "clean surgery" OR
"clean surgical")
Search 6:
: #5 AND NOT (PMID(1* OR 2* OR 3* OR 4* OR 5* OR 6* OR 7* OR 8*
OR 9*))
Table 3. Subject characteristics.
Glycopeptides
β-lactams
Variables
p-Value
Number of
studies not
reporting
Mean ± SD
Mean ± SD
313.9 ± 373.4
325.6 ± 367.6
0.8542
0
Age (years)
64.7 ± 3.4
65.7 ± 4.2
0.5658
5
Female (%)
31.1 ± 22.4
30.1 ± 21.3
0.7394
4
Diabetes (%)
13.4 ± 3.8
13.2 ± 6.7
0.5350
7
228.1 ± 54.8
219.3 ± 52.1
0.7009
7
12.9 ± 5.8
13.5 ± 4.9
0.4815
7
Number of subjects
Procedure length
(min)
Mean length of stay
(days)
Table 4. Assessment of risk of bias
Study
Adequate
Allocation
Blinding
Blinding of
Incomplete data
sequence
concealment
of
outcome
addressed
patients
adjudicators
generation
Maki et al. 1992
n/a
n/a
+
+
+
n/a
n/a
n/a
+
n/a
+
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
+
n/a
n/a
n/a
+
+
n/a
+
+
+
n/a
n/a
n/a
+
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
-
n/a
n/a
-
+
-
n/a
+
+
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
Mollan et al.
1992
Suter et al. 1994
Vuorisalo et al.
1998
Marroni et al.
1999
Periti et al. 1999
Salminen et al.
1999
Saginur et al.
2000
Finkelstein et al.
2002
Dhadwal et al.
2007
Kanellakopoulou
et al. 2009
Tyllianakis et al.
2010
(+) Low risk of bias. (-) High risk of bias. (n/a) Unclear/not reported