Unit 6 Hydrology Test DO NOT WRITE YOUR NAME ON THIS PAPER
ipad#______________
1. Which of the following best describes Earth’s water budget?
a. Precipitation equals evaporation
b. Evaporation is greater than precipitation
c. Precipitation is greater than evaporation
d. Precipitation is less than evaporation
2. On average, how many gallons of water does each person in the United States use every day?
a. 180 gallons
b. 18 gallons
c. 8 gallons
d. 280 gallons
3. What uses the most water in the United States?
a. Showers and Toilets
b. Dishwashers and Sprinklers
c. Schools and Restaurants
d. Agriculture and Industry
4. Which of the following processes involves the process of removing salt from saline water?
a. Antisalting
b. Desanitation
c. Desalination
d. Saltrification
5. Which of the following describes local water budgets?
a. balanced
b. not balanced
c. excess
d. shortage
6. Which of following can be used to calculate a water budget?
a. Evaporation - Precipitation= Water Budget
b. Precipitation x Evaporation= Water Budget
c. Evaporation + Precipitation= Water Budget
d. Precipitation - Evaporation= Water Budget
1
Diagram #1
Use the diagram to the right to answer questions 7-11
7. What does letter A represent in the diagram?
a. Divide
b. Headwater
c. Tributary
d. Mouth
e. Main Stream
8. What does letter B represent in the diagram?
a. Divide
b. Headwater
c. Tributary
d. Mouth
e. Main Stream
B
E
D
C
A
9. What does letter C represent in the diagram?
a. Divide
b. Headwater
c. Tributary
d. Mouth
e. Main Stream
10. What does letter D represent in the diagram?
a. Divide
b. Headwater
c. Tributary
d. Mouth
e. Main Stream
11. What does letter E represent in the diagram?
a. Divide
b. Headwater
c. Tributary
d. Mouth
e. Main Stream
2
12. If you were to examine the profile of a typical stream, you would probably find that the gradient is______
a. steepest near the head
b. steepest near the mouth
c. about the same at both the head and the mouth
d. gentler near the head
13. The suspended load of a stream ____.
a. is deposited before the bed load
b. consists primarily of highly soluble substances
c. moves along the bottom of the channel by rolling or sliding
d. usually consists of fine sand and silt
14. The flat portion of a valley floor adjacent to a stream channel is called a ____.
a. Divide
c. Floodplain
b. meander
d. Tributary
15. A drainage basin is ____.
a.
b.
c.
d.
the channel of a stream
the land covered by floodwaters
all streams that flow directly into an ocean
The land area that contributes water to a stream
16. Which of the following statements is true about discharge in a stream?
a. volume decreases between the source and mouth
b. volume increases between the source and mouth
c. volume is equal between the source and mouth
d. none of the above
17. Which stream load type is deposited first?
a. suspended load
b. shock load
c. dissolved load
d. bed load
18. Which type of deposit is displayed in the picture to the right?
a. Delta
b. Floodplain
c. Natural Levee
d. Alluvial Fan
Diagram #2
?
3
19. What is the name of a feeder stream that flows into a mainstream?
a. Headwater
b. Tributary
c. Mouth
d. Reservoir
20. A depositional feature that forms where a stream enters water is called a
a. natural levee
b. meander
c. distributary
d. delta
21. Most streams carry the lightest part of their load____________.
a. as bed load
b. on their surface
c. as dissolved material
d. in suspension
22. The ability of a channel to erode and transport material depends largely on its
a. width
b. velocity
c. density
d. length
23. What is best the way to make sure we have water in the future?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Take longer showers
Wash more loads of laundry
Leave the water on while brushing teeth
None of the above
24. Where is most freshwater on Earth located?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Icecaps and Glaciers
Oceans
Soil and Atmosphere
Groundwater
4
25. In a water budget, which of the following represents income?
a. Evaporation
c. Runoff
b. Precipitation
d. Shortage
26. Which of the following refers to the amount of open spaces in rock or sediment?
a. Permeability
b. Pressure
c. Porosity
d. Purity
27. If a rock or sediment has high permeability, then
a. Water will move rapidly through the rock
b. Water will move slowly through the rock
c. Water will not move through the rock
d. None of the above
28. True or false: As gradient increases, the velocity of water decreases
a. True
b. False
Use the diagram below to answer questions 29-32
Diagram #3
Water Table
Sediment
B
5
C
Water
Refer to diagram #3 to answer the questions 29-32
29. What does the Water Table represent in the diagram?
a. Where water is drawn up by capillary action
b. The upper surface of the layer where all pore spaces are full
c. The layer of groundwater where all pore spaces are full
d. Body of rock where large amounts of water can flow and much water is stored
30. What does letter B represent in the diagram?
a. Where water is drawn up by capillary action
b. The upper surface of the layer where all the pore spaces are full
c. The layer of groundwater where all pore spaces are full
d. a large cave with connecting chambers
31. What does letter C represent in the diagram?
a. Where water is drawn up by capillary action
b. The upper surface of the layer where all the pore spaces are full
c. A large cave with connecting chambers
d. Where large amounts of water can flow and much water is stored
32. In the diagram, the upper confining layer is also called a cap rock or the _________________?
a. top layer of permeable rock
b. top layer of impermeable rock
c. top layer of porous rock
d. top layer of pristine rock
33. A formation in which groundwater rises naturally and under pressure is a(n)____________________.
a. aquifer
b. artesian well
c. cone of depression
d. hot spring
35. Springs form where _______________
a. there is no water table
b. the ground dips below the water table
c. flooding makes the streams overflow
d. groundwater sinks into the soil
36. What is the difference between a geyser and hot spring?
a. Geysers have different temperatures
b. Geysers have gradient variations
c. Geyser have periodic eruptions
d. There is no difference
6
37. If water has a strong metallic taste it is usually called______________________.
a. Soft Water
b. Alkaline Water
c. Hard Water
d. Acidic Water
38. Which of the following is the result of a cavern ceiling collapse?
a. Artesian Well
b. Cone of Depression
c. Sinkhole
d. Pollution
39. Stalactites are a result of which of the following processes?
a. Erosion by groundwater
b. Weathering by groundwater
c. Sorting by groundwater
d. leaking sewage
40. What process is responsible for stream piracy?
a. higher rates of erosion
b. greater gradients
c. larger watershed
d. larger volume of water
41. If the volume of water moved by a stream in a given time is large, the stream is considered to
have__________?
a. low discharge
b. high discharge
c. high gradient
d. low gradient
42. What happens to a rejuvenated river when there is movement in Earth’s crust?
a. Porosity increases
b. Porosity decreases
c. Gradient and Velocity decrease
d. Gradient and Velocity increase
43. Which of the following rivers has a ‘U-shaped’ valley?
a. Youthful River
b. Mature River
c. Old River
d. Rejuvenated River
7
44. Which of the following rivers has a “V – shaped” valley?
a. Youthful River
b. Mature River
c. Old River
d. Rejuvenated River
45. A river that has several meanders is considered to be a(n)_____________
a. Youthful River
b. Mature River
c. Old River
d. Rejuvenated River
46. Which of the following rivers has a straight and narrow path?
a. Youthful River
b. Mature River
c. Old River
d. Rejuvenated River
47. What is the benefit of building earthen mounds on the banks of rivers?
a. erosion control
b. flood control
c. pollution control
d. gradient control
48. What term refers to an area between the water table and surface that remains dry except during rainfall?
a. Zone of saturation
b. Zone of aeration
c. Zone of permeability
d. Zone of porosity
49. Rock or sediment with a large percentage of open spaces is considered to have __________________
a. low permeability
b. high purity
c. low porosity
d. high porosity
50. Rock or sediment that is packed tightly together is considered to have _______________
a. low porosity
b. high porosity
c. high permeability
d. none of the above
8