aa abrasion absolute dating accessory mineral acidic aeolian after shock alluvial fan alluvium ammonite ammonoid amygdaloidal andalusite andesite angular unconformity anhedral anticline antiform aquifer arid arkose artesian basin artesian well aseismic design ash asthenosphere asymmetrical fold attrition augite aureole axial plane axial plane trace azimuth baked margin barchan dune barite basalt base isolator basic batholith bearing capacity bedding Benioff zone bioclast bioreactive cell bivalve body fossil body waves borehole brachial valve brachiopod breccia calcification calcite carbon-14 dating carbonates cementation Cenozoic cephalon ceratite chalcopyrite chalk chemical weathering chilled margin clastic cleavage columnar jointing compaction compositional layering compound eye compression concordant conduction cone of depression conglomerate conservative boundary constructive boundary contact metamorphism continental crust continental drift convection convergent boundary coprolite correlation spectrometer cross bedding cross-cutting relationship crust crystalline crystallisation Curie point death assemblage debris flow decompression melting deflation density deposition derived fossil desert sandstone desiccation cracks destructive boundary dextral diagenesis diffraction digital terrain mapping dip dip-slip fault discordant divergent boundary dolerite drawdown dyke effusive electrical resistivity epicentre equigranular erosion eruption euhedral evaporites external heat source extrapolate extrusion facies independence fault breccia faunal succession feldspars felsic ferromagnesian mineral fissure flame structures fluorite flute casts fluvial focus fold axis fold limb foliation footwall foramen fore shock fossil fracture fragmental gabbro galena gape garnet genal spines geological boundaries geological column geological crosssection geological map geological timescale geomagnetism geomembrane geotherm geothermal energy geothermal gradient glabella glassy gneiss gneissose banding goniatite GPS granite granoblastic graphic log graptolite greywacke groundmass groundwater gypsum habit haematite half-life halite hanging wall harmonic tremor harness hiatus hinge line hornblende hornfels hot spot hydration melting hydraulic gradient igneous igneous body included fragment inflation inner core inorganic InSAR intensity internal heat source intra-plate intrusion iron meteorite island arc isoseismal lahar lamination landfill gas landfill site lateral blast lava leachate life assemblage life safe linear liquefaction lithification lithology lithosphere lithospheric plate load cast long wave long-period event longshore drift low-velocity zone lustre mafic magma magnetic anomalies magnetic inclination magnitude main shock mantle mantle plume marble marine mass movement mechanical layering megathrust Mercalli scale mesosphere Mesozoic metamorphic metaquartzite micas mineral mineral replacement mineral vein mineralogy Moho muscle scar net slip non-foliated normal fault ocean trench oceanic crust olivine ooids oolitic limestone organic orientation original horizontality orogenic belt orthoquartzite outcrop pattern outer core oxidation pahoehoe palaeocurrent palaeomagnetism Palaeozoic pallial line pallial sinus partial melting pedicle pedicle opening pedicle valve pelagic pendant peridotite permeability petrification phenocryst photomicrograph physical weathering piezoelectric pillow structures planktonic plate tectonics playa lake pluton point bar polar wandering curve pore water pressure porosity porphyritic porphyroblast porphyroblastic potassium-argon dating precipitation precursory event primary hazard push wave pygidium pyrite pyritisation pyroclastic flow pyroclastic surge quartz radioactive decay radioactive decay curve radiometric dating radon recharge recrystallisation refraction regional metamorphism regolith relative dating remanent magnetism return time reverse fault Richter scale rift valley ripple marks rock rock cycle rock-forming minerals rockhead saltwater incursion sandstone scandent schist schistosity sea-floor spreading secondary hazard sector collapse sedimentary sedimentary log seismic gap seismic waves seismicity seismogram seismology seismometer self-exciting dynamo septal sutures shadow zones shale shear links shear wave shelly limestone shield volcano short-period event silicates silicic silicification sill sinistral slate slaty cleavage sole structures solid-state convection solidus specific yield spotted rock spreading centre stipe stony meteorite strata stratigraphic column stratigraphy stratovolcano streak stress transfer strike strike-slip fault subduction subduction zone subhedral subsidence superficial deposit superposition surface heat flow surface waves suture line symmetrical fold syncline synform tectonic tremor teeth & sockets tension tephra texture theca thecae thoracic segments thorax throw thrust fault topographic surface trace fossil transcurrent transform fault transportation trend trilobite tsunami turbidite turbidity current ultramafic umbones unconformity uniformitarianism vesicular viscosity volcanic bomb volcanic tremor water table way-up weathering xenolith zone fossil