Name:
Test Date:
Chapter 13 & 14 - Test Review
13-1:
1. Salinity
is a measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given weight or mass.
2.
The three temperature zones of ocean water are:
3.
The water cycle is the continuous movement of water from the ocean to the atmosphere
land and back to the ocean. The ocean plays the largest role in the water cycle.
4.
5.
C
E
to the
What is desalination?
The removal of salt for ocean water
The physical change of liquid water to water vapor is called evaporation . This process increases
the salinity of ocean water.
6. third-largest ocean
7. ocean that extends from the coast Antarctica to 60
south latitude
B
8. largest ocean
D
9. smallest ocean
a. Atlantic Ocean
b. Pacific Ocean
c. Indian Ocean
d. Arctic Ocean
e. Southern Ocean
A 10. second-largest ocean
11. What two factors cause the ocean’s surface temperatures vary?
12. The movement of water from ocean to the atmosphere to the land and back to the ocean is
called Water Cycle.
13-2
1. Scientists study the ocean floor from the surface using sonar and satellites.
2. The ocean floor is divided into two regions:

Continental Margin

Mid-Ocean Ridge
3. The continental margin consists of:

Continental shelf

Continental slope

Continental rise
4. The deep-ocean basin consists:

Abyssal plain

Mid-Ocean Ridge

Rift valley

seamounts

Ocean trenches
5. Scientists explore the ocean from below the surface by using piloted vessels, robotic
vessels and satellites technology.
D
6.area between the shoreline and the continental slope
B
7.area between the continental shelf and the ocean floor
F
8.base of the continental slope
A
9.broad, flat part of the deep-ocean basin
C
10.mountain chain on the ocean floor
E
11.volcanic mountain on the ocean floor
G
12.huge crack in the ocean floor
13. A volcanic island can be formed by a(n) seamount.
a. abyssal plain
b. continental slope
c. mid-ocean ridge
d. continental shelf
e. seamount
f. continental rise
g. ocean trench
13-4
1. The most abundant elements in ocean water are:
 sodium
 chloride
2.
Sodium chloride
is the most abundant dissolved solid in ocean water.
3. What does the process of desalination do? Separates the salt from the ocean water
4. The natural movement of tides generates tidal energy. This type of energy is clean and
renewable.
5. What problems do drift nets cause? They can accidentally catch dolphins and turtles
6. Two resources that are drilled from the ocean floor are:
 Oil
 Natural gas
7. Natural resources that are harvested from the ocean:
 Plants
 Animals
8. Tidal energy is a renewable resource from the ocean.
14-1: Currents
1. What causes surface currents? The wind
2. Three factors that control surface currents:
 Global winds
 Coriolis effect
 Continental deflection
3. What is the Coriolis Effect? What example did we give in class to explain this?
The Coriolis Effect is the apparent curving of straight lines due to the rotation of
the Earth. Rolling or throwing a ball on a merry-go-round.
4. The surface currents carry warm water away from the equator.
5. How does temperature affect surface currents? Warm temperatures cause warm-water
currents that create unusually warm climates for the costal area.
6. A warm surface current replaces a cold current that sinks to the ocean floor.
7. What spreads pollution along the shore? Longshore current
8. What is deflection and how does this relate to currents and continents? Deflection in
when a surface current comes close to a continent that changes direction of the
current’s flow.
9. Compare & contrast Surface Currents and Deep Currents
LOOK AT YOUR VENN DIAGRAM
14-2: Currents and Climate
1. What impact does the California Current have on California’s climate and why? The
California current brings cool water down the coast of California…causing the climate
of that area to be cooler. Without this California’s climate would be warmer.
2. Compare & contrast El Nino and La Nina – LOOK AT YOUR VENN DIAGRAM
14-3: Waves
1. Parts of a wave:
 Crest
 Trough
2. Define wavelength: the distance between two crests or two troughs of waves
3. Why do waves increase in height as they approach the shore? The waves begin to
interact with the ocean floor.
4. How is a tsunamis created? An earthquake causes a tsunami because force from the
quake pushes a large body of water up from the ocean floor.
5. Where do most tsunamis occur and why? In the Pacific Ocean, because of the Ring of
Fire.
14-4: Tides
1. What causes tides?
Tides are the daily change in the level of the ocean water caused by the sun and the
moon.
2. Describe how high tides and low tides are formed.
During high tide the moon’s gravity is pulling ocean water into a bulge towards the
moon. High tide occurs on the part of Earth that is closest to the moon. At the
same time, high tide also occurs on the opposite side of the Earth. When water is
pulled into the bulge, low tide occurs on the other parts of the Earth.
3. What is a tidal range and when do the greatest tidal ranges occur?
Tidal range is the difference in levels of ocean water at high tide and low tide. The
greatest tidal ranges occur during spring tides.
4. Explain or draw a picture of how the positions of the Earth, moon and sun cause a spring
tides. During the full moon and new moon, the sun, Earth and the moon are aligned.
Facts



to thing about:
When water gets denser, it sinks toward the ocean floor.
The Earth’s oceans have changed over time.
The most destructive parts of hurricanes are storm surges.