Name:_________________________________
Living Environment
Per: _______
Ms. Fog
Chapter 13 Review Guide and Practice Quiz
Vocabulary (12 words total):
Ch. 13-1: Selective breeding
Hybridization Inbreeding
Ch. 13-2: Genetic Engineering Restriction Enzyme
Gel Electrophoresis
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Ch. 13-3: Plasmid
Genetic Marker
Ch. 13-4: Transgenic
Clone
Recombinant DNA
Ch. 13-1:
 Know the 2 types of selective breeding:
o Inbreeding and Hybridization
o What each one is for and why a breeder or farmer might use them
o Differences with regards to health of the offspring, increased or decreased variation in
offspring and similarities between offspring and parents for both types
 Know what Mutagens are and how that they are used to increase variation in offspring
o Chemicals and radiation
 Know that mutations ultimately lead to evolution through increasing the variation of trains
within a species
Ch. 13-2:
 Understand how Genetic Engineering is different than simple selective breeding
 Understand the concept that the techniques used in genetic engineering are used for a much
wider variety of laboratory research than the few examples given in class
 Know the four basic tools/techniques of genetic engineering, how they work, what they are
used for and why they are used
o Restriction Enzymes: Different ones are used to “cut” DNA in different places
 Specific names will not be used, but you must understand the general function
o Gel Electrophoresis: once the DNA is cut up in a test tube, it can be separated by the size
of the pieces using this technique
 Know how it is set up
 Know that the DNA moves from the negative side toward the positive side
because DNA is negative
 Example of use 1: By comparing two different samples of DNA, scientists can tell
how closely relating two organisms are
 Example of use 2: If scientists are looking for a piece of DNA with a known size,
they can find it using this technique and cut it out of the gel for use in other
studies (see next two techniques)
o Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) listed out of order from the textbook: Used to create
multiple copies of a gene in a short period of time

o
Ch. 13-3:

Ch. 13-4:

The gene was first isolated by cutting up DNA with restriction enzymes and then
separating the DNA fragments based on size
 After separation by gel electrophoresis, scientists placed the piece of gel in a
test tube and use PCR to make thousands of copies
 Uses a special bacterial DNA Polymerase that can function on extremely high
temperatures
 The process is nearly identical to regular DNA replication (Ch. 12-2), but it’s
done in a test tube, uses a tiny piece of DNA and cycles of heating and cooling
Recombinant DNA: DNA created by combining DNA from different sources
 Ex: bacteria DNA combined with a human gene (DNA)
Know bacteria transformation
o Understand how Recombinant Plasmids containing the “gene of interest” (Human
DNA that we want the bacteria to make) and a “Genetic marker” are used for
medical purposes
o Be able to explain how it is possible for Bacteria to produce Human Insulin (or
Growth hormone, since it is the same exact process) There is a create diagram on
page 327 of your text book as well as the power point
Know what a transgenic organism is
o Be aware that bacteria which produce human insulin are an example of transgenic
organisms
o Understand the use and importance of transgenic livestock for agriculture (the food
we eat and milk we drink)
o Understand the use and importance of transgenic plants in the same capacity
 Know the definition of a clone and how Multicellular animals are cloned
o Be able to describe in words how Dolly the Sheep was created
o Know what some of the side-effects of cloning are on the animals created
 How fast they age and their life-span
 Size of internal organs
STATE LAB #14: Biodiversity:
 Be able to answer specific questions about each test we performed in the lab
o Know what Paper chromatography is used for and how it implies similarities between
DNA sequences between plants
o Know why we compared each amino acid sequence to Botana curas and what
similarities or differences imply between the species
o Understand the difference between structural and molecular evidence
o Be able to “read” a gel electrophoresis pattern and identify most closely/least closely
related samples and justify your answers
o Understand why we tested for Enzyme M and what its presence implied
Test-Taking Tip: For questions containing the words not or except, begin by eliminating each answer
choice that DOES fit the characteristic in question. After eliminating all but one of the choices, check to
see that your answer is correct by confirming that it does not fit the characteristic in question.
Practice Questions:
1) Which of the following substances can be produced by transgenic bacteria?
A) Human Growth Hormone
B) Cow Milk
C)
2) Which of the following organisms is not produced through selective breeding?
A) Thoroughbred Race horses
B) Pedigree Dogs
C) Bacteria capable of producing human Insulin
D) The Burbank Potato
3) Which of the following is not a benefit of Hybridization
A) Offspring are exactly the same as the parents
B) Offspring are often healthier than either parent
C) Offspring are a combination of different traits from each parent
D) Hybridization increases the variation in a population
4) Which of the following would be considered a negative side effect of cloning?
A) Clones contain identical DNA to the organism from which they came
B) Cloned animals may help reduce financial expenses for Pharmaceutical companies or farmers
C) Cloned animals tend to have much shorter life spans than the animals from which they were copied
and organ problems
D) None of the above would be considered a negative side effect
5) Which phrase does not describe cells cloned from a carrot?
A) they are genetically identical
B) they are produced sexually
C) they have the same DNA codes
D) they have identical chromosomes
6) Gel electrophoresis is used to separate DNA fragments on the basis of their
A) size
B) color
C) functions
D) chromosomes
7) Selective breeding is a technique that is used to
A) give all organisms a chance to reproduce
B) produce organisms from extinct species
C) produce offspring with certain desirable traits
D) keep farm crops free of all mutations
8) Identify one procedure, other than electrophoresis, that is used in the laboratory to separate the
different types of molecules in a liquid mixture.
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