8.3 Metals
8.2 The Chemical Earth
1. The living and non living
components of the Earth contain
mixtures.
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2. Although most elements are
found in combinations on Earth,
some elements are found
uncombined.
3. Elements in the Earth material
are present mostly as compounds
because of interactions at atomic
level.
4. Energy is required to extract
elements from their naturally
occurring sources.
5. The properties of elements and
compounds are determined by
their bonding and structure.
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Classify elements, compounds and
mixtures, in terms of particle
theory.
Identify the spheres of the planet.
Methods of separation and when to
use.
Systematic naming, formulae and
equations.
`Reactivity and occurrence
Classify metal, non metals and semi
metals.
Uses related to metallic properties.
Matter moving and interacting
Energy levels and electron
movement.
Using periodic table
Ionic formation.
Molecules/Covalent formation.
Lewis Dot diagrams.
Physical and chemical changes,
water as an example.
Energy changes in reactions.
Energy needed to break bonds.
Physical and chemical properties.
Metallic, molecular and network
covalent bonds
Empirical formula.
Properties related to bonding.
1. Metals have extracted and used for many
thousands of years
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Use of metals through history
Alloys
Extracting metals
Metals known today
2. Metals differ in their reactivity with
other chemicals and this influences their
uses.
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Reactions of metals
Activity series
Electron transfer
Properties and uses
Ionisation Energy
4. For efficient resource use, industrial
chemical reactions must use measured
amounts of each reactant.
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Mole
Conservation of mass
Gay Lussac Law
Avogardro’s number
Empirical and molecular formula
5. The relative abundance and ease of
extraction influences their value and breadth
of use in the community
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Minerals and ores.
Abundance extraction and price
Separation of metals from ores
Recycling
3. As metals and other elements were
discovered, scientists recognised that
patterns in their physical and chemical
properties could be used to organise the
elements into a periodic table
Atomic structure
Development of periodic table
Trends in periodic table
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Prliminary Summary 2012
Bankstown General Science
Version 1
Page 1 of 2
Last Updated: 5/2/2013
8.5 Energy
8.4 Water
1.Water is distributed on
earth as a solid, liquid
and gas.
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Terms
Importance
Distribution
1. Living organisms make
compounds which are important
sources of energy.
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Role of photosynthesis
Need of the sun
Origins of fossil fuels.
2. The wide distribution
and importance of water
on the Earth is a
consequence of its
molecular structure and
hydrogen bonding.
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Lewis dot diagrams.
Molecular structures
Hydrogen bonding
Polar molecules
Intermolecular forces and
properties.
2. There is a wide variety of
carbon compounds.
3. Water is an important
solvent.
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Solubility of different
chemicals
Solubility and polarity
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Solubiltiy and precipation
Saturated solution
Determine molarity.
Concentration.
Properties of carbon
.Carbon bonds
Large variety of compounds
Describe fractional distillation
Nomenclature.
Properties alkanes and alkenes.
Storage.
Indicators of chemical reaction
Combustion reactions are
exothermic
Changes in molecules and the
energy associated
Energy profiles
Ignition temperature and activation
energy
Pollution associated.
Combustion at different rates
Collision Theory
Temperature and kinetic energy
Catalyst.
4. The concentration of
salts in water will vary
according to their
solubility and
precipitation can occur
when the ions of
insoluble salts are in
solution together.
5. Water has a higher
heat capacity than other
liquids.
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3. A variety of carbon compounds
are extracted from organic sources.
4. Combustion provides another
opportunity to examine the
conditions under which chemical
reactions occur.
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5. The rate of energy release is
affected by factors such as types of
reactants.
Specific heat capacity.
Determine ΔH.
Exothermic and endothermic.
Importance in nature
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Must hand up all pracs for this topic.
Must hand up all pracs for this topic.
Prliminary Summary 2012
Bankstown General Science
Version 1
Page 2 of 2
Last Updated: 5/2/2013