Chapter 13
Water = 71% surface
Available freshwater
Hydrogen bonds
Hydrologic cycle
Surface runoff
Reliable runoff (1/3)
use
Watershed
Drainage basin
Reliable runoff
Groundwater
Pros and cons of withdrawal
Ogallala aquifer
Zone of aeration
Zone of saturation
Water table
Aquifers
Natural recharge
Fossil aquifers
Withdrawl
Thermal pollution
Dry climate, drought, dessication, water stress
Dams
Pros and cons of large dams
3 Gorges Dam
CO2 vs CH4 emission
Colorado river basin
California water project controversy
Aral Sea disaster
Water scarcity
Ogallala Aquifer
Subsidence
Sinkholes
Desalinization
Salty water disposal
Distillation
Reverse osmosis (Saudi Arabia)
Water conservation
Waterless composting toilet
Flood irrigation
Center pivot irrigation
LEPA sprinklers
Drip irrigation
Xeriscaping
Gray water
Floodplain
Bangladesh
Channelization
Levees
Dams
Chapter 14 Terms:
Cyanide heap leaching
geology
core
mantle
asthenosphere
crust
continental crust
oceanic crust
internalk pre\ocesses
convection cells
currents
mantle plumes
tectonic plates
lithosphere
plate tectonics
continental drift
divergent plate boundary
convergent plate boundary
subduction
subduction zone
trenach
transform fault
San Andreas Fault
external processes
erosion weathering
biological weathering
physical weathering
frost wedging
chemical weathering
earthquake
magnitude
Richter scale
Aftershocks
Tsunamis
Volcano
Mineral rock
Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic rock
Rock cycle
Nonrenewable mineral resources
Ore (high, low grade)
Identified resources
Reserves
Surface mining, subsurface mining
Overburden
Spoils
Dredging
Area strip mining
Spoil banks
Contour strip mining
Mountaintop removal
Subsidence
Acid mine drainage
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act
Gangue
Tailings
Smelting
Economically depleted
Depletion time
Strategic metal resources
Biomining
Nanotechnology
Buckyballs
Materials revolution
US General Mining Law of 1872
Substitutes
Brownfields
Biomimicry