ch 7 test review
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. Differences between members of the same species are called
a. predators.
b. selections.
c. traits.
d. variations.
2. The gradual change in a species over time is called
a. mutation.
b. evolution.
c. variation.
d. migration.
3. What did Darwin infer from his observations of organisms in South America and the Galápagos Islands?
a. The organisms on the Galápagos Islands were completely unrelated to mainland
organisms.
b. A small number of different plant and animal species had come to the mainland from the
Galápagos Islands.
c. A small number of different plant and animal species had come to the Galápagos Islands
from the mainland.
d. The organisms on the Galápagos Islands were virtually identical to mainland organisms.
4. A branching tree is
a. a drawing that shows where different animals live in a tree.
b. a homologous structure that many plants have.
c. a species of tree that is not closely related to other tree species.
d. a diagram showing how scientists think different groups of organisms are related.
5. An organism’s scientific name consists of
a. its phylum name and its species name.
b. its genus name and its species name.
c. its class name and its family name.
d. its kingdom name and its phylum name.
6. Darwin concluded that organisms on the Galápagos Islands
a. had remained the same.
b. had changed over time.
c. had no variations.
d. were the result of selective breeding.
7. Which kingdoms include both unicellular and multicellular organisms?
a. fungi and plants
b. protists and plants
c. fungi and protists
d. protists and animals
8. Why do scientists organize living things into groups?
a. so that the organisms are easier to study
b. so products from living things can be easily found in groceries
c. so they can find them in the wild more easily
d. so they can make sense of the variety of rocks on Earth
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9. A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce is called a(n)
a. selection.
b. variation.
c. mutation.
d. adaptation.
10. Scientists combine evidence from fossils, body structures, early development, DNA, and protein structures to
a. decide which fossils are older than others.
b. determine the evolutionary relationships among species.
c. determine whether an organism will have gills during its early development.
d. determine what bones an animal has in its forelimbs.
11. What is taxonomy?
a. the process of observing an organism’s behavior
b. the name of Aristotle’s classification system
c. the scientific study of how living things are classified
d. the process used by geologists to classify rocks
12. How do remains become petrified fossils?
a. Minerals replace all or part of an organism.
b. A sedimentary rock becomes a cast.
c. Molds and casts fill with sediment.
d. Sediment replaces all or part of an organism.
13. What are fossils?
a. drawings of ancient animals and other organisms
b. molds and casts of organisms that live today
c. the preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past
d. footprints or burrows of small animals that live today
14. What did Darwin observe about finches in the Galápagos Islands?
a. Their feathers were adapted to match their environment.
b. They had identical phenotypes in all locations.
c. Their beaks were adaptations related to the foods the finches ate.
d. They had identical genotypes in all locations.
15. The more classification levels that two organisms share,
a. the more distantly related they are.
b. the easier it is to tell them apart.
c. the more characteristics they have in common.
d. the closer together on Earth they live.
16. Which of the following is most likely to become preserved as a fossil?
a. a worm
b. a jellyfish
c. a clam shell
d. a leaf
17. If two organisms look very similar during their early stages of development, this is evidence that the
organisms
a. evolved from a common ancestor.
b. are not related.
c. have exactly the same DNA.
d. evolved from different ancestors.
18. Why do scientists think related species have similar body structures and development patterns?
a. The species inherited many of the same genes from each other.
b. The species inherited many of the same proteins from each other.
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c. The species inherited many of the same genes from a common ancestor.
d. The species inherited all of the same genes from a common ancestor.
Which term refers to similar structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor?
a. punctuated equilibria
b. developmental organisms
c. homologous structures
d. DNA sequences
Which of these is one of the main ways that a new species forms?
a. Mutations occur in the alleles of members of the species.
b. A group is separated from the rest of the species.
c. Cross-breeding occurs within the species.
d. Competition occurs between members of the species.
What is the role of genes in evolution?
a. Parents with recessive genes die from overproduction.
b. Only genes can be acted on by natural selection.
c. The genes of most surviving parents have only dominant alleles.
d. Only traits that are controlled by genes can be acted on by natural selection.
How does natural selection lead to evolution?
a. Environmental changes favor weaker members of the species.
b. Stronger offspring kill weaker members of the species.
c. Helpful variations accumulate among surviving members of the species.
d. Overproduction provides food for stronger members of the species.
Which group of organisms includes only multicellular heterotrophs?
a. bacteria
b. animals
c. protists
d. plants
A species is a group of similar organisms that
a. can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring.
b. all have exactly the same traits.
c. can migrate to an island from the mainland.
d. can live together on an island.
Which term refers to a species creating more offspring than can possibly survive?
a. variation
b. natural selection
c. overproduction
d. evolution
How do most fossils form?
a. A dead organism becomes buried in sediment.
b. An entire organism becomes frozen in ice.
c. An insect becomes trapped in amber.
d. A dead organism becomes buried in tar.
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
____ 27. If a disease were introduced into the cheetah population, it could threaten the survival of the species because
they have genetic diversity. _________________________
____ 28. The more similar the DNA sequences of two species are, the more closely related the species are.
_________________________
____ 29. Through natural selection, harmful variations gradually accumulate in a species.
_________________________
____ 30. In the name Acer rubrum, the word rubrum designates the species. ___________________
____ 31. Gradual change in a species over time is called adaptation. _________________________
____ 32. Each genus of organisms is divided into classes. _________________________
____ 33. When some members of a species become isolated, they are less likely to form a new species.
_________________________
____ 34. Archaea and Bacteria are two domains of eukaryotes. _________________________
____ 35. Fossils in lower layers of rock are usually older than fossils in higher layers. _________________________
Completion
Complete each statement.
36. The process of grouping things based on similarities is called ____________________.
37. A(n) ____________________ is a well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations.
38. The scientific names of the puma (Felis concolor), house cat (Felis domesticus), and marbled cat (Felis
marmorata) indicate that they all belong to the same ________________.
39. Most fossils are found in ____________________ rock.
40. The forelimbs of a bird and a mammal are examples of ____________________ structures.
41. Organisms belonging to the same ____________________ can usually mate and produce fertile offspring.
42. The only traits that can be acted upon by natural selection are those that are controlled by
____________________.
43. ____________________ developed a naming system that grouped organisms on the basis of their observable
features.
44. Proteins can be used to determine how closely related organisms are because amino acid sequences are
determined by the ____________________ that makes up an organism’s genes.
45. The ____________________ kingdom is the only kingdom of eukaryotes that contains both autotrophs and
heterotrophs and both unicellular and multicellular organisms.
46. A new ____________________ can form when a group of individuals become isolated from the main group.
47. Natural selection is affected by ____________________, or traits that are different in members of the same
species.
48. Scientists show how groups of organisms may be related by placing them on a diagram called a(n)
____________________.
49. Similarities in the early development of chickens and opossums suggest that these animals share a common
____________________.
50. The theory of _________________________ states that species evolve quickly over a relatively short time.
51. In the process of natural selection, the organisms that are best suited to their environments are most likely to
survive and _________________________.
52. When minerals replace bone, a(n) _________________________ fossil forms.
Short Answer
Use the diagram to answer each question.
53. List two ancestors of Archaeopteryx.
54. Would you expect the DNA of crocodilians to be more similar to the DNA of modern birds or the DNA of
turtles? Explain your reasoning.
55. Are modern birds more closely related to Archaeopteryx or to the first reptiles?
56. Did birds evolve from the gliding reptiles called pterosaurs? Explain your reasoning.
57. Name the common ancestor of pterosaurs and crocodilians.
58. Are pterosaurs more closely related to turtles or to crocodilians? Explain your answer.
Use the diagram to answer each question.
Table of Classification Labels
Classification
Level
Aardwolf
Gray Wolf
Coyote
Lion
Blue Whale
Kingdom
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Chordata
Chordata
Chordata
Chordata
Class
Mammalia
Mammalia
Mammalia
Mammalia
Mammalia
Order
Carnivora
Carnivora
Carnivora
Carnivora
Cetacea
Family
Hyaenidae
Canidae
Canidae
Felidae
Balenopteridae
Genus
Proteles
Canis
Canis
Panthera
Balaenoptera
Species
Proteles
cristatus
Canis lupus
Canis latrans
Panthera leo
Balaenoptera musculus
59. What classification groups do all of the organisms in the table have in common?
60. Which of the organisms in the table is (are) most similar to a tiger (Panthera tigris)? Explain.
61. Based on their kingdoms, what are the shared characteristics of the organisms in the table?
62. In what two ways are the organisms in the table similar to organisms in the plant kingdom?
63. Which of the organisms in the table is least similar to the others? Explain.
ch 7 test review
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS:
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15. ANS:
D
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
CaLS.7.1.3 Explain how natural selection leads to evolution.
S 7.3.a
BLM: knowledge
B
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
CaLS.7.1.2 State how Darwin explained differences between similar species.
S 7.3.a
BLM: knowledge
C
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
CaLS.7.1.1 Describe important observations Darwin made on his voyage.
S 7.3.b
BLM: knowledge
D
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
CaLS.7.5.1 Explain how a branching tree diagram shows evolutionary relationships.
S 7.3.d
BLM: comprehension
B
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
CaLS.7.4.1 Explain why biologists classify organisms.
STA: S 7.3.d
knowledge
B
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
CaLS.7.1.2 State how Darwin explained differences between similar species.
S 7.3.b
BLM: comprehension
C
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
CaLS.7.4.3 List characteristics used to classify organisms into domains and kingdoms.
S 7.3.d
BLM: comprehension
A
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
CaLS.7.4.1 Explain why biologists classify organisms.
STA: S 7.3.d
knowledge
D
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
CaLS.7.1.1 Describe important observations Darwin made on his voyage.
S 7.3.a
BLM: knowledge
B
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
CaLS.7.3.3 Explain how scientists infer evolutionary relationships among species.
S 7.3.b
BLM: knowledge
C
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
CaLS.7.4.1 Explain why biologists classify organisms.
STA: S 7.3.d
knowledge
A
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
CaLS.7.2.2 Describe how fossils form.
STA: S 7.4.e
knowledge
C
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
CaLS.7.1.1 Describe important observations Darwin made on his voyage.
S 7.4.e
BLM: knowledge
C
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
CaLS.7.1.1 Describe important observations Darwin made on his voyage.
S 7.3.b
BLM: comprehension
C
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
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17.
18.
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20.
21.
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26.
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CaLS.7.4.2 Relate the levels of classification to the relationships between organisms.
S 7.3.d
BLM: knowledge
C
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
CaLS.7.2.2 Describe how fossils form.
STA: S 7.4.e
application
A
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
CaLS.7.2.1 State evidence that supports the theory of evolution.
S 7.3.c
BLM: comprehension
C
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
CaLS.7.3.3 Explain how scientists infer evolutionary relationships among species.
S 7.3.b
BLM: comprehension
C
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
CaLS.7.2.1 State evidence that supports the theory of evolution.
S 7.3.c
BLM: knowledge
B
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
CaLS.7.3.2 Explain how new species form.
STA: S 7.3.a
comprehension
D
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
CaLS.7.1.3 Explain how natural selection leads to evolution.
S 7.3.a
BLM: knowledge
C
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
CaLS.7.1.3 Explain how natural selection leads to evolution.
S 7.3.a
BLM: knowledge
B
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
CaLS.7.4.3 List characteristics used to classify organisms into domains and kingdoms.
S 7.3.d
BLM: knowledge
A
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
CaLS.7.1.1 Describe important observations Darwin made on his voyage.
S 7.3
BLM: knowledge
C
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
CaLS.7.1.3 Explain how natural selection leads to evolution.
S 7.3.a
BLM: comprehension
A
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
CaLS.7.2.2 Describe how fossils form.
STA: S 7.4.e
knowledge
MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE
27. ANS: F, lack
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28. ANS:
OBJ:
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29. ANS:
1
DIF: L3
CaLS.7.3.1 Identify factors that have contributed to the diversity of species.
S 7.3.d
BLM: application
T
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
CaLS.7.3.3 Explain how scientists infer evolutionary relationships among species.
S 7.3.a
BLM: knowledge
F, helpful
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ:
STA:
30. ANS:
OBJ:
BLM:
31. ANS:
CaLS.7.1.3 Explain how natural selection leads to evolution.
S 7.3.a
BLM: comprehension
T
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
CaLS.7.4.1 Explain why biologists classify organisms.
STA: S 7.3.d
application
F, evolution
PTS:
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32. ANS:
1
DIF: L1
CaLS.7.1.2 State how Darwin explained differences between similar species.
S 7.3.b
BLM: knowledge
F, phylum
PTS:
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33. ANS:
1
DIF: L2
CaLS.7.4.2 Relate the levels of classification to the relationships between organisms.
S 7.3.d
BLM: comprehension
F, more
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
STA: S 7.3.a
BLM: knowledge
34. ANS: F, prokaryotes
PTS:
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35. ANS:
OBJ:
BLM:
OBJ: CaLS.7.3.2 Explain how new species form.
1
DIF: L1
CaLS.7.4.3 List characteristics used to classify organisms into domains and kingdoms.
S 7.3.d
BLM: knowledge
T
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
CaLS.7.2.3 Explain what scientists learn from fossils.
STA: S 7.4.e
knowledge
COMPLETION
36. ANS: classification
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
STA: S 7.3.d
BLM: knowledge
37. ANS: scientific theory
PTS:
OBJ:
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38. ANS:
OBJ: CaLS.7.4.1 Explain why biologists classify organisms.
1
DIF: L1
CaLS.7.1.2 State how Darwin explained differences between similar species.
S 7.3.b
BLM: knowledge
genus
PTS: 1
STA: S 7.3.d
39. ANS: sedimentary
DIF: L2
BLM: application
OBJ: CaLS.7.4.1 Explain why biologists classify organisms.
PTS: 1
STA: S 7.4.e
40. ANS: homologous
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.7.2.2 Describe how fossils form.
BLM: comprehension
PTS:
OBJ:
STA:
41. ANS:
1
DIF: L2
CaLS.7.2.1 State evidence that supports the theory of evolution.
S 7.3.c
BLM: comprehension
species
PTS:
OBJ:
STA:
42. ANS:
1
DIF: L1
CaLS.7.1.1 Describe important observations Darwin made on his voyage.
S 7.3.a
BLM: knowledge
genes
PTS:
OBJ:
STA:
43. ANS:
1
DIF: L2
CaLS.7.1.3 Explain how natural selection leads to evolution.
S 7.3.a
BLM: comprehension
Linnaeus
PTS: 1
STA: S 7.3.d
44. ANS: DNA
DIF: L1
BLM: knowledge
OBJ: CaLS.7.4.1 Explain why biologists classify organisms.
PTS:
OBJ:
STA:
45. ANS:
1
DIF: L2
CaLS.7.3.3 Explain how scientists infer evolutionary relationships among species.
S 7.3.a
BLM: comprehension
protist
PTS:
OBJ:
STA:
46. ANS:
1
DIF: L2
CaLS.7.4.3 List characteristics used to classify organisms into domains and kingdoms.
S 7.3.d
BLM: knowledge
species
PTS: 1
STA: S 7.3.a
47. ANS: variations
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.7.3.2 Explain how new species form.
BLM: comprehension
PTS:
OBJ:
STA:
48. ANS:
1
DIF: L1
CaLS.7.1.3 Explain how natural selection leads to evolution.
S 7.3.a
BLM: knowledge
branching tree
PTS:
OBJ:
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49. ANS:
1
DIF: L1
CaLS.7.5.1 Explain how a branching tree diagram shows evolutionary relationships.
S 7.3.d
BLM: knowledge
ancestor
PTS:
OBJ:
STA:
50. ANS:
1
DIF: L2
CaLS.7.2.1 State evidence that supports the theory of evolution.
S 7.3.c
BLM: application
punctuated equilibria
PTS: 1
STA: S 7.3.a
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.7.2.3 Explain what scientists learn from fossils.
BLM: comprehension
51. ANS: reproduce
PTS:
OBJ:
STA:
52. ANS:
1
DIF: L1
CaLS.7.1.3 Explain how natural selection leads to evolution.
S 7.3.a
BLM: knowledge
petrified
PTS: 1
STA: S 7.4.e
DIF: L1
BLM: knowledge
OBJ: CaLS.7.2.2 Describe how fossils form.
SHORT ANSWER
53. ANS:
The ancestors were thecodonts and the first reptiles.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.7.5.1 Explain how a branching tree diagram shows evolutionary relationships.
STA: S 7.3.d
BLM: analysis
54. ANS:
The DNA of crocodilians should be more similar to the DNA of modern birds. The diagram indicates that the
common ancestor of crocodilians and modern birds was more recent than the common ancestor of
crocodilians and turtles.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.7.5.1 Explain how a branching tree diagram shows evolutionary relationships.
STA: S 7.3.d
BLM: analysis
55. ANS:
Modern birds are more closely related to Archaeopteryx than to the first reptiles.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.7.5.1 Explain how a branching tree diagram shows evolutionary relationships.
STA: S 7.3.d
BLM: analysis
56. ANS:
No, birds did not evolve from pterosaurs. Birds and pterosaurs are on different branches of the branching tree.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.7.5.1 Explain how a branching tree diagram shows evolutionary relationships.
STA: S 7.3.d
BLM: analysis
57. ANS:
Thecodonts were the common ancestor of pterosaurs and crocodilians.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.7.5.1 Explain how a branching tree diagram shows evolutionary relationships.
STA: S 7.3.d
BLM: analysis
58. ANS:
Pterosaurs are more closely related to crocodilians. They share a more recent common ancestor than do
pterosaurs and turtles.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.7.5.1 Explain how a branching tree diagram shows evolutionary relationships.
STA: S 7.3.d
BLM: analysis
59. ANS:
The groups in common are kingdom, phylum, and class.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.7.4.2 Relate the levels of classification to the relationships between organisms.
STA: S 7.3.d
BLM: analysis
60. ANS:
The lion is most similar to a tiger, because both are members of the same genus. The gray wolf and coyote
belong to different genera, the aardwolf belongs to a different family, and the whale belongs to a different
order.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.7.4.2 Relate the levels of classification to the relationships between organisms.
STA: S 7.3.d
BLM: analysis
61. ANS:
All of the organisms are heterotrophs and multicellular.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.7.4.3 List characteristics used to classify organisms into domains and kingdoms.
STA: S 7.3.d
BLM: analysis
62. ANS:
All are multicellular and eukaryotes.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.7.4.3 List characteristics used to classify organisms into domains and kingdoms.
STA: S 7.3.d
BLM: analysis
63. ANS:
The blue whale is least similar. All of the others are in the same order, but the blue whale is in a different
order.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.7.4.2 Relate the levels of classification to the relationships between organisms.
STA: S 7.3.d
BLM: analysis