6.0 Conversions
Mass/Weight (6.1)
1 kg
1 slug
1 ton
1 lb
Area (6.4)
m2
1 acre = 4047
= 43,560 ft2
= 0.00156 mi2
= 2.205 lbm
= 32.2 lbm
= 2000 lb
= 16 oz
1N
1 kip
1J
1 atm
Volume (6.5)
1L
= 3.28 ft
= 0.621 mi
= 2.54 cm
= 5280 ft
= 3 ft
1mL
= 0.264 gal
= 0.0353 ft3
= 33.8 fl oz
= 1 cm3 = 1 cc
1psi
Time (6.3)
1d
1h
1 min
1 yr
Energy (6.10)
= 0.225 lb
= 1,000 lb
= 0.239 cal
= 9.48 x 10-4 Btu
= 0.7376 ft·lbf
1kW h = 3,600,000 J
Pressure (6.8)
Length (6.2)
1m
1 km
1 in.
1 mi
1 yd
Force (6.7)
= 24 h
= 60 min
= 60 s
= 365 d
= 1.01325 bar
= 33.9 ft H2O
= 29.92 in. Hg
= 760 mm Hg
= 101,325 Pa
= 14.7 psi
= 2.31 ft of H2O
Temperature Unit
Equivalents (6.6)
Power (6.9)
1K
1W
= 1 ºC
= 1.8 ºF
= 1.8 ºR
See below for
temperature calculation
1 hp
7.0 Defined Units
1J
1N
1 Pa
1V
1W
1W
1 Hz
1F
1H
= 3.412 Btu/h
= 0.00134 hp
= 14.34 cal/min
= 0.7376 ft·lbf/s
= 550 ft∙lb/sec
= 1 N·m
= 1 kg·m / s2
= 1 N / m2
=1W/A
=1J/s
=1V/A
= 1 s-1
= 1 A·s / V
= 1 V·s / V
8.0 SI Prefixes
Numbers Less Than One
Power of 10
Prefix
Abbreviation
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-6
10-9
10-12
10-15
10-18
10-21
10-24
decicentimillimicronanopicofemtoattozeptoyocto-
9.0 Equations
Numbers Greater Than One
Power of 10
Prefix
Abbreviation
101
102
103
106
109
1012
1015
1018
1021
1024
d
c
m
µ
n
p
f
a
z
y
decahectokiloMegaGigaTeraPetaExaZettaYottaForce and Moment
Temperature
F = ma
Mass and Weight
TK = TC + 273
(9.4)
m = VDm
(9.1)
TR = TF + 460
(9.5)
W = mg
(9.2)
W = VDw
(9.3)
V = volume
Dm = mass density
m = mass
Dw = weight density
W = weight
g = acceleration due to gravity
PLTW, Inc.
TF =
9
5
Tc + 32
da
h
k
M
G
T
P
E
Z
Y
(9.6)
TK = temperature in Kelvin
TC = temperature in Celsius
TR = temperature in Rankin
TF = temperature in Fahrenheit
Engineering Formula Sheet
(9.7a)
M = Fd (9.7b)
F = force
m = mass
a = acceleration
M = moment
d= perpendicular distance
Equations of Static Equilibrium
ΣFx = 0
ΣFy = 0
ΣMP = 0 (9.8)
Fx = force in the x-direction
Fy = force in the y-direction
MP = moment about point P
9.0 Equations
20.0 555 Timer Design
quaons
Electricity
T = 0.693 (RA + 2RB)C
Ohm’s Law
V = IR
(9.32)
P = IV
(9.33)
RT (series) = R1 + R2+ ··· + Rn
RT (parallel) =
1
1 1
1
+ + ∙∙∙ +
R1 R2
Rn
f =
(20.2)
(RA+ RB)
∙100%
(RA+2RB)
(20.3)
T = period
f = frequency
RA = resistance A
RB = resistance B
C = capacitance
(9.35)
Kirchhoff’s Current Law
IT = I1 + I2 + ··· + In
n
or IT = k=1 Ik
1
T
duty-cycle =
(9.34)
(20.1)
(9.36)
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law
VT = V1 + V2 + ··· + Vn
n
or VT = k=1 Vk
(9.37)
V = voltage
VT = total voltage
I = current
IT = total current
R = resistance
RT = total resistance
P = power
21.0 Boolean Algebra
Boolean Theorems
Commutative Law
X• 0 = 0
(21.1)
X•Y = Y•X
(21.10)
X + XY = X + Y
(21.16)
X•1 = X
(21.2)
X+Y = Y+X
(21.11)
X + XY = X + Y
(21.17)
X• X =X
(21.3)
X + XY = X + Y
(21.18)
X • X=0
(21.4)
X + XY = X + Y
(21.19)
X+0=X
(21.5)
X+1=1
(21.6)
X+X=X
(21.7)
Distributive Law
X+X=1
(21.8)
X(Y+Z) = XY + XZ
(21.14)
X=X
(21.9)
(X+Y)(W+Z) = XW+XZ+YW+YZ
(21.15)
PLTW, Inc.
Consensus Theorems
Associative Law
X(YZ) = (XY)Z
(21.12)
X + (Y + Z) = (X + Y) + Z
(21.13)
Engineering Formula Sheet
DeMorgan’s Theorems
XY = X + Y
(21.20)
X+Y = X • Y
(21.21)