Journal of Biogeography
Supporting Information
Journal of Biogeography
APPENDIX S2
Differences in the relative roles of environment, prey availability and
human activity in the spatial distribution between two marine
mesopredators living in highly exploited ecosystems
Joan Navarro, Laura Cardador, Ángel M. Fernández, José M. Bellido & Marta Coll
1
Journal of Biogeography
Supporting Information
Table S1 List of potential prey species for small-spotted catshark and
Mediterranean starry ray based on published information (Valls et al.
2011; Coll, Navarro & Palomera 2013; Navarro et al. 2013) recorded
in the Western Mediterranean between the years 2002-2012 with the
MEDITS trawling surveys.
Marine group
Species
CEPHALOPOD
Alloteuthis media
CEPHALOPOD
Alloteuthis subulata
CEPHALOPOD
Bathypolypus sponsalis
CEPHALOPOD
Eledone cirrhosa
CEPHALOPOD
Eledone moschata
CEPHALOPOD
Heteroteuthis dispar
CEPHALOPOD
Histioteuthis bonnellii
CEPHALOPOD
Histioteuthis reversa
CEPHALOPOD
Illex coindetii
CEPHALOPOD
Laevicardium oblongum
CEPHALOPOD
Loligo forbesi
CEPHALOPOD
Loligo vulgaris
CEPHALOPOD
Ommastrephidae
CEPHALOPOD
Onychoteuthis banksii
CEPHALOPOD
Opisthoteuthis agassici
CEPHALOPOD
Sepia elegans
CEPHALOPOD
Sepia officinalis
CEPHALOPOD
Sepia orbignyana
CEPHALOPOD
Sepietta neglecta
CEPHALOPOD
Sepietta obscura
CEPHALOPOD
Sepietta oweniana
CEPHALOPOD
Sepiola intermedia
CEPHALOPOD
Sepiola ligulata
CEPHALOPOD
Sepiola robusta
CEPHALOPOD
Sepiola spp
CEPHALOPOD
Todarodes sagittatus
CEPHALOPOD
Todaropsis eblanae
CRUSTACEAN
Acanthephyra eximia
CRUSTACEAN
Acanthephyra pelagica
CRUSTACEAN
Alpheus glaber
CRUSTACEAN
Amphipoda
CRUSTACEAN
Atelecyclus rotundatus
CRUSTACEAN
Bathynectes maravigna
CRUSTACEAN
Calappa granulata
CRUSTACEAN
Calocaris macandreae
CRUSTACEAN
Chlorotocus crassicornis
CRUSTACEAN
Dardanus arrosor
CRUSTACEAN
Dardanus calidus
CRUSTACEAN
Ethusa mascarone
CRUSTACEAN
Euphausiacea
CRUSTACEAN
Galathea dispersa
CRUSTACEAN
Galathea intermedia
2
Journal of Biogeography
Supporting Information
Marine group
Species
CRUSTACEAN
Gennadas elegans
CRUSTACEAN
Geryon longipes
CRUSTACEAN
Goneplax rhomboides angulata
CRUSTACEAN
Goneplax rhomboides rhomboides
CRUSTACEAN
Ilia nucleus
CRUSTACEAN
Isopoda
CRUSTACEAN
Liocarcinus arcuatus
CRUSTACEAN
Liocarcinus corrugatus
CRUSTACEAN
Liocarcinus depurator
CRUSTACEAN
Liocarcinus maculatus
CRUSTACEAN
Lophogaster typicus
CRUSTACEAN
Meganyctiphanes norvegica
CRUSTACEAN
Monodaeus couchii
CRUSTACEAN
Munida intermedia
CRUSTACEAN
Munida rutllanti
CRUSTACEAN
Munida tenuimana
CRUSTACEAN
Paguristes eremita
CRUSTACEAN
Pagurus alatus
CRUSTACEAN
Pagurus anachoretus
CRUSTACEAN
Pagurus cuanensis
CRUSTACEAN
Pagurus excavatus
CRUSTACEAN
Pagurus forbesi
CRUSTACEAN
Pagurus prideaux
CRUSTACEAN
Palinurus elephas
CRUSTACEAN
Palinurus mauritanicus
CRUSTACEAN
Pandalina profunda
CRUSTACEAN
Parthenope angulifrons
CRUSTACEAN
Parthenope macrochelos
CRUSTACEAN
Parthenope massena
CRUSTACEAN
Pasiphaea multidentata
CRUSTACEAN
Pasiphaea sivado
CRUSTACEAN
Phronima sedentaria
CRUSTACEAN
Phrosina semilunata
CRUSTACEAN
Plesionika acanthonotus
CRUSTACEAN
Plesionika antigai
CRUSTACEAN
Plesionika edwardsi
CRUSTACEAN
Plesionika giglioli
CRUSTACEAN
Plesionika heterocarpus
CRUSTACEAN
Plesionika martia
CRUSTACEAN
Plesionika narval
CRUSTACEAN
Pontocaris cataphracta
CRUSTACEAN
Pontocaris lacazei
CRUSTACEAN
Processa canaliculata
CRUSTACEAN
Processa nouveli
CRUSTACEAN
Rissoides desmaresti
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Journal of Biogeography
Supporting Information
Marine group
Species
CRUSTACEAN
Rissoides pallidus
CRUSTACEAN
Scyllarus pygmaeus
CRUSTACEAN
Sergestes arcticus
CRUSTACEAN
Sergestes henseni
CRUSTACEAN
Sergia robusta
CRUSTACEAN
Solenocera membranacea
FISH
Aphia minuta
FISH
Argentina sphyraena
FISH
Callionymus lyra
FISH
Callionymus maculatus
FISH
Callionymus risso
FISH
Callionymus spp
FISH
Capros aper
FISH
Cepola macrophthalma
FISH
Chauliodus sloani
FISH
Chelidonichthys gurnardus
FISH
Chelidonichthys lastoviza
FISH
Chelidonichthys lucerna
FISH
Chelidonichthys obscurus
FISH
Citharus linguatula
FISH
Coelorinchus caelorhincus caelorhincus
FISH
Diplodus annularis
FISH
Diplodus cervinus cervinus
FISH
Diplodus puntazzo
FISH
Diplodus sargus sargus
FISH
Diplodus vulgaris
FISH
Gadiculus argenteus argenteus
FISH
Glossanodon leioglossus
FISH
Gobiidae
FISH
Gobius fallax
FISH
Gobius niger
FISH
Gobius spp
FISH
Helicolenus dactylopterus
FISH
Lampanyctus crocodilus
FISH
Lepidorhombus boscii
FISH
Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis
FISH
Maurolicus muelleri
FISH
Merluccius merluccius
FISH
Micromesistius poutassou
FISH
Mora moro
FISH
Myctophidae
FISH
Myctophum punctatum
FISH
Nansenia oblita
FISH
Nemichthys scolopaceus
FISH
Nezumia aequalis
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Journal of Biogeography
Supporting Information
Marine group
Species
FISH
Notoscopelus elongatus
FISH
Ophichthus rufus
FISH
Phycis blennoides
FISH
Phycis phycis
FISH
Sardina pilchardus
FISH
Serranus cabrilla
FISH
Serranus hepatus
FISH
Spicara flexuosa
FISH
Spicara maena
FISH
Spicara smaris
FISH
Stomias boa boa
FISH
Symbolophorus veranyi
FISH
Symphurus ligulatus
FISH
Symphurus nigrescens
FISH
Trachinus draco
FISH
Trachinus radiatus
FISH
Trachurus mediterraneus
FISH
Trachurus picturatus
FISH
Trachurus trachurus
5
Journal of Biogeography
Supporting Information
Table S2 Location (latitude and longitude in º) of all fishing
harbours presents in the study area (Western Mediterranean), mean
and standard deviation (sd) of annual fishing landings (tons, 103 kg)
between 2002 and 2012.
Latitude Longitude Harbour
mean sd
1
42.36
3.17
Llançà
860 145
42.33
3.19
Port de la Selva1
1101 530
42.25
3.17
Roses1
3557 712
42.12
3.13
L'Escala1
1469 242
41.84
3.12
Palamós1
1744 323
1
41.77
3.03
Sant Feliu de Guíxols
655 232
41.67
2.79
Blanes1
2437 440
41.57
2.55
Arenys de Mar1
2447 463
41.52
2.44
Mataró1
132 49
41.32
2.16
Barcelona1
2488 336
41.20
1.73
Vilanova i la Geltrú1
3639 540
1
41.13
1.40
Torredembarra
97
11
41.08
1.22
Tarragona1
3699 580
41.06
1.06
Cambrils1
2180 327
40.88
0.80
L'Ametlla de Mar1
2691 369
40.80
0.71
L'Ampolla1
251 31
1
40.72
0.86
Deltebre
261 47
40.60
0.59
Sant Carles de la Rápita1
3266 257
40.55
0.53
Alcanar1
244 25
40.45
0.47
Vinaròs2
5063 1892
40.41
0.43
Benicarló2
1425 125
2
40.35
0.40
Penyiscola
1536 129
39.96
0.02
Castelló2
6668 1920
39.85
-0.06
Burriana2
2049 278
39.65
-0.20
Sagunt2
87
38
39.44
-0.30
València2
780 518
39.16
-0.23
Cullera2
880 109
2
38.99
-0.15
Gandia
1035 349
38.84
0.11
Dénia2
848 112
38.79
0.18
Xàbia2
2475 482
38.68
0.13
Moraira2
39
6
38.63
0.04
Calp2
1387 100
38.59
-0.04
Altea2
3180 712
38.50
-0.22
Vila-Joiosa2
1761 182
38.33
-0.48
Alacant2
787 1163
38.18
-0.55
Santa Pola2
3033 563
37.96
-0.68
Torrevieja2
2319 843
3
37.82
-0.75
San Pedro del Pinatar
659 212
37.59
-0.97
Cartagena3
748 185
37.56
-1.25
Mazarrón3
1797 799
1= DAAR, 2011; 2=www.agricultura.gva.es; 3=http://www.carm.es
6
Journal of Biogeography
Supporting Information
Table S3 Model averaged results for the abundance, biomass and occurrence rate of small-spotted shark and Mediterranean starry
ray in multivariate models including environmental (depth, SST=sea-surface temperature, CHL=Chlorophyll-a, DO=Dissolvedoxygen and PSS=salinity), prey availability (CRUS=crustaceans, FISH=fish and CEP=cephalopods) and human variables
(Fishing=fishing activity, Coastal=coastal-based impacts). The table indicates the Model-averaged parameter estimates and their
standard errors, along with variable’s weights, which indicate the relative importance of each variable in the average model (i.e.,
the selection probability across the 95% confidence set of models according to BIC).
ABUNDANCE
BIOMASS
OCURRENCE RATE
Small-spotted Mediterranean Small-spotted Mediterranean Small-spotted Mediterranean
catshark
starry ray
catshark
starry ray
catshark
starry ray
Intercept
Estimate
2.310e+04
1.139e+04
1.368e+04
1.021e+04
4.844e+04
2.707e+02
SE
1.235e+04
3.899e+03
9.907e+03
2.374e+03
1.208e+04
4.829e+01
Depth
Weight
0.54
0.31
0.11
0.88
0.98
0.60
Estimate
-2.167e-03
1.871e-04
-1.046e-04
7.126e-04
-9.882e-03
1.945e-03
SE
2.422e-03
3.343e-04
5.364e-04
3.598e-04
3.032e-03
2.370e-03
Depth x Depth
Weight
0.0.47
0.05
0.96
0.06
Estimate
-3.129e-06
-1.747e-07
-1.248e-05
-6.447e-07
SE
3.674e-06
8.819e-07
4.600e-06
3.629e-06
SST
Weight
0.12
0.08
Estimate
-1.968e-02
-5.689e-03
SE
7.113e-02
3.363e-02
SST x SST
Weight
Estimate
SE
CHL
Weight
0.57
0.79
Estimate
2.454e-01
3.560e-01
SE
2.550e-01
2.352e-01
CHL x CHL
Weight
Estimate
SE
7
Journal of Biogeography
Supporting Information
DO
DO x DO
PSS
PSS x PSS
Fin-Fish
Fin-Fish x Fin-Fish
Cep
Cep x Cep
Weight
Estimate
SE
Weight
Estimate
SE
Weight
Estimate
SE
Weight
Estimate
SE
Weight
Estimate
SE
Weight
Estimate
SE
Weight
Estimate
SE
Weight
Estimate
SE
ABUNDANCE
BIOMASS
OCURRENCE RATE
Small-spotted Mediterranean Small-spotted Mediterranean Small-spotted Mediterranean
catshark
starry ray
catshark
starry ray
catshark
starry ray
0.10
0.74
-1.311e-01
-6.930
8.063e-01
4.924
0.87
-1.247e+03
6.654e+02
0.85
1.662e+01
8.863
1
7.727e-01
1.273e-01
1
-6.057e+02
2.078e+02
0.95
8.051
2.768
0.97
2.327e-01
7.560e-02
0.76
-7.338e+02
5.318e+02
0.72
9.777
7.085
1
6.143e-01
8.905e-02
0.58
7.554e-01
7.872e-01
0.54
-1.436e-01
1.458e-01
0.30
1.970e-01
4.113e-01
0.23
-3.971e-02
7.866e-02
8
1
-5.431e+02
1.265e+02
1
7.223
1.685
0.28
3.287e-02
6.252e-02
1
-2.619e+03
6.473e+02
1
3.490e+01
8.620
1
1.272
2.362e-01
1
6.205
1.559
1
-9.754e-01
2.612e-01
1
-6.303
1.240
1
1.634
2.919e-01
Journal of Biogeography
Supporting Information
Crus
Crus x Crus
Fishing
Fishing x Fishing
Coastal
Coastal x Coastal
Weight
Estimate
SE
Weight
Estimate
SE
Weight
Estimate
SE
Weight
Estimate
SE
Weight
Estimate
SE
Weight
Estimate
SE
ABUNDANCE
BIOMASS
OCURRENCE RATE
Small-spotted Mediterranean Small-spotted Mediterranean Small-spotted Mediterranean
catshark
starry ray
catshark
starry ray
catshark
starry ray
0.22
0.11
3.495e-02
9.010e-03
8.234e-02
3.514e-02
1
1.513e+02
1.139e+02
0.75
-1.906e+01
1.365e+01
0.12
-1.281e-01
4.813e-01
1
4.833e+01
7.266e+01
0.44
-6.530
8.693
0.33
-2.119e-01
3.811e-01
0.03
-8.453e-03
1.860e-01
0.06
3.424e-03
7.525e-02
9
0.06
8.676e-03
7.653e-02
1
3.427e+02
1.818e+02
0.88
-4.280e+01
2.191e+01
0.99
-3.113
1.169
0.07
1.466e-01
9.360e-01
0.29
-1.479
2.827
0.09
-7.293e-02
4.137e-01