Supplementary material Online Resource 1 Bud formation and plant regeneration from S. laniceps plantlets. a Whole plant collected from an alpine region in Tibet. b Dry mature seed with flower and coronule. C and d Mature seed. e Seedlings formed from seeds. f Callus induced from explants of seedlings Online Resource 2 SDS-PAGE separation of Saussurea involucrata callus proteins extracted by three sample preparation methods.1.Marker; 2. Extracted by TCA/Aceton precipitation; 3. Extracted by urea/thiourea extraction; 4. Extracted by phenol extraction-methanol/ammonium acetate precipitation Online Resource 3 2-DE separation of Saussurea involucrata callus proteins by three sample preparation methods. a: protein extracted by TCA/aceton precipitation, b: protein extracted by urea/thiourea extraction, c: protein extracted by phenol extraction/ammonium acetate precipitation. Online Resource 4 2-DE separation of Saussurea involucrata callus proteins by phenol extractionmethanol/ammonium acetate precipitation with different sample volumes a:250 μg,b:500μg,c:600μg Online Resource 5 Different growth phases of the S. laniceps callus grown in medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L−1 6-BA and 2.0 mg L−1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid. Error bars represent the standard deviation of 3 repeated reactions. Online Resource 6 Changes in soluble protein content in the S. laniceps callus during acclimation at 0 °C. Error bars represent the standard deviation of 3 repeated reactions. Online Resource 1 Online Resource 2 Online Resource 3 Online Resource 4 Online Resource 5 Online Resource 6