6th Grade Science & Social Studies
Ms. Cato & Ms. Debow
Date: January 9-13, 2012 (Week 20; Days 92-96)
Monday, January 9, 2012; Day 92 and Tuesday, January 10, 2012; Day 93
Focused Standard:
LS.2.6.1b
Observe, describe, and illustrate animal tissues: muscle, blood, skin [*identify types of animal tissue
*using a microscope, observe animal tissues: muscle, blood, and skin *describe animal tissues: muscle,
blood, and skin *illustrate animal tissues: muscle, blood, and skin]
Instructional Strategies:
“Cells Make Tissues and Organs” paragraph and quiz; -
http://www.beaconlearningcenter.com/documents/1966_3269.pdf
“Cells, Tissues, and Organs” literature and comprehension questions with answer key
http://www.beaconlearningcenter.com/documents/1966_3268.pdf
Website:
http://www.exploringnature.org/graphics/teaching_aids/Tissue_identification.pdf
The 4 Basic Tissue Types in the Human Body
Tissues are groups of cells with a common structure (form) and function (job).
There are four main tissues in the body – epithelium, muscle, connective tissue and nervous tissue.
I. EPITHELIUM
Functions (jobs):
1) It protects us from the outside world – skin.
2) Absorbs – stomach and intestinal lining (gut)
3) Filters – the kidney
4) Secretes – forms glands
Characteristics (Traits):
1) Closely attached to each other forming a protective barrier.
2) Always has one free (apical) surface open to outside the body or inside (cavity) an internal organ.
3) Always had one fixed (basal) section attached to underlying connective tissue.
4) Has no blood vessels but can soak up nutrients from blood vessels in connective tissue underneath.
5) Can have lots of nerves in it (innervated).
6) Very good at regenerating (fixing itself). i.e. sunburn, skinned knee.
Classifications (types):
1) By shape
a) squamous - flat and scale-like
b) cuboidal - as tall as they are wide
c) columnar - tall, column-shaped
2) By cell arrangement
a) simple epithelium - single layer of cells (usually for absorption and filtration)
b) stratified epithelium - stacked up call layers (protection from abrasion (rubbing) - mouth, skin.)
II. CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Functions (jobs):
1) Wraps around and cushions and protects organs
2) Stores nutrients
3) Internal support for organs
4) As tendon and ligaments protects joints and attached muscles to bone and each other
5) Runs through organ capsules and in deep layers of skin giving strength
The 3 Elements of Connective Tissue:
1) Ground substance – gel around cells and fibers
2) Fibers – provide strength, elasticity and support
3) Cells
2 Kinds of Connective Tissue:
1) Loose Connective Tissue:
a) Areolar Connective Tissue – cushion around organs, loose arrangement of cells and fibers.
b) Adipose Tissue – storehouse for nutrients, packed with cells and blood vessels
c) Reticular Connective Tissue – internal supporting framework of some organs, delicate network of
fibers and cells
2) Dense Connective Tissue:
a) Dense Regular Connective Tissue – tendons and ligaments, regularly arranged bundles packed
with fibers running same way for strength in one direction.
b) Dense Irregular Connective Tissue – skin, organ capsules, irregularly arranged bundles packed
with fibers for strength in all directions.
IIa. SPECIAL CONNECTIVE TISSUES
1) Cartilage
Functions (jobs):
1) provides strength with flexibility while resisting wear, i.e. epiglottis, external ear, larynx
2) cushions and shock absorbs where bones meet, i.e. intervertebral discs, joint capsules
2) Bone
Functions (jobs):
1) provides framework and strength for body
2) allows movement
3) stores calcium
4) contains blood-forming cells
3) Blood
Functions (jobs):
1) transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients around the body
2) immune response
III. NERVOUS TISSUE
Functions (jobs):
1) Conducts impulses to and from body organs via neurons
The 3 Elements of Nervous Tissue
1) Brain
2) Spinal cord
3) Nerves
IV. MUSCLE TISSUE
Functions (jobs):
1) Responsible for body movement
2) Moves blood, food, waste through body’s organs
3) Responsible for mechanical digestion
The 3 Types of Muscle Tissue
4) Smooth Muscle – organ walls and blood vessel walls, involuntary, spindle-shaped cells for
pushing things through organs
5) Skeletal Muscle – large body muscles, voluntary, striated muscle packed in bundles and attached
to bones for movement
6) Cardiac Muscle – heart wall, involuntary, striated muscle with intercalated discs connecting cells
for synchronized contractions during heart beat.
Lab Activity – Create an organ – the Tongue
http://www.beaconlearningcenter.com/documents/1966_3270.pdf
The Making of a Tongue
Instructions
1. Divide the class into two groups. Group members select specific jobs for each
member. The tongue model is made up of eleven rows. If there are fewer than eleven in
each group, combine jobs. If there are more than eleven in the group, create additional
jobs. Sample jobs are:
Student 1 = Make row one.
Student 2 = Make row two.
Students 3 – 11 = Make rows three through eleven.
Student 12 = Glue rows 1 – 5 together
Student 13 = Gather red paper strips.
2. Have construction paper strips precut 1” x 4 1/2”. Each group requires 12 yellow, 6
green, 12 brown, 8 white, and 71 red strips.
3. Each group needs one bottle of glue (not glue stick), the above listed strips of paper,
and these instructions. If sharing within the group is a problem, more bottles of glue may
be needed.
4. Completed each row by making a chain of paper links using the colors described.
Row 1 = 11 red
Row 2 = 1 red, 1 yellow, 7 brown, 1 yellow, 1 red
Row 3 = 1 red, 2 yellow, 5 brown, 2 yellow, 1 red
Row 4 = 11 red
Row 5 = 1 red, 1 green, 7 red, 1 green, 1 red
Row 6 = 1 red, 2 green, 5 red, 2 green, 1 red
Row 7 = 1 red, 2 yellow, 5 red, 2 yellow, 1 red
Row 8 = 1 red, 1 yellow, 7 red, 1 yellow, 1 red
Row 9 = 3 red, 3 white, 3 red
Row 10 = 1 red, 5 white, 1 red
Row 11 = 5 red
5. To connect the rows together, line up the rows so that the flat part of the links touch
with the next row. Glue the flat parts together. Remember that rows 9, 10, and 11 are
shorter and must be centered when glued so that the tongue looks like it is round on the
end.
6. Hang the completed tongues on the bulletin board under the title “Cells Make Tissues
and Organs.”
Vocabulary: muscle (muscle tissue), blood (connective tissue), skin (epithelial tissue), connective tissue
Wednesday, January 11, 2012; Day 94 and Thursday, January 12, 2012;Day 95
Focused Standard:
LS.2.6.4 Model and explain the functions of animal organs: heart, lung, kidneys, eyes, ears, skin, teeth
[*identify the animal organs named *explain function of each organ *model function of each organ]
Instructional Strategies:
http://new.thesolutionsite.com/solutionsite/data/14208/lesson2.html
learn how the parts of the heart work together to pump blood through the chambers and to and from all
parts of the body, identify the parts of the heart and describe their functions, label a heart and note how
that part works in the circulatory system.
Google images of sheep hearts:
http://www.google.com/imgres?q=anatomy+of+a+sheep+heart&hl=en&sa=X&rlz=1C1CHFX_e
nUS446US446&biw=1366&bih=643&tbm=isch&prmd=imvns&tbnid=ay_TfaKcjW6WoM:&im
grefurl=http://home.comcast.net/~lynnlaskowski/TCCBIO226.html&docid=I79apN8RNnGReM&imgurl=http://home.comcast.net/~lynnlaskowski/AP
2Lab/SheepHeart19.JPG&w=872&h=710&ei=sv8JT_TkL4eJgwf3go3_AQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&
vpx=171&vpy=344&dur=1653&hovh=203&hovw=249&tx=138&ty=187&sig=1065021873190
42844002&page=7&tbnh=123&tbnw=151&start=133&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:14,s:133
http://www.proprofs.com/flashcards/cardshow.php?title=sheep-heart&quesnum=2
Vocabulary: Key components of:
heart, lung, kidneys, eyes, ears, skins, and teeth
Friday, January 13, 2012 (Day 96)
Focused Standard:
LS.2.6.4 Model and explain the functions of animal organs: heart, lung, kidneys, eyes, ears, skin, teeth
[*identify the animal organs named *explain function of each organ *model function of each organ]
Instructional Strategies:
Lab Activity: Make model of the lungs
Activity: Build Your Own Lung
Supplies per group:
2 liter pop bottle
Scissors
2 straws
2 balloons
3 rubber bands
clay
piece of clear wrap paper
binder clip
Directions:
1. Carefully, cut the bottom off the 2 liter bottle, and then set the bottle aside. The
bottle represents your chest).
2. Turn the straw upside down so the bend is facing down, and attach a balloon to
the bottom of the straw using the rubber band.
3. Repeat step two but with the second straw and second balloon. The straws and
balloons represent your trachea and lungs.
4. Place the two straws together, the balloons turned to the outside. Position the
straws so the end that is not attached the balloon is roughly � above the rim of the
bottle.
5. Place clay around the top of the bottle and surrounding the sides of the straws to
hold them in place. No air should be able to get into the bottle from the top
EXCEPT through the two straws. No clay should cover the tops of the straws.
6. Take the piece of clear wrap and place it carefully over the bottom of the bottle.
Secure it in place using a rubber band. The plastic wrap represents your
diaphragm.
7. Pull a bit of the clear wrap and attach the binder clip.
8. Pull on the binder clip to inflate the balloons.
2
What’s Happening?
In this model, the straws represent your trachea and bronchial tubes, the balloons
represent your lungs, the bottle is your chest, and the plastic sheet is your diaphragm – a
sheet of muscles under your chest.
When you breathe in, or inhale, your diaphragm contracts and moves down, creating
more space in your chest for your lungs to fill with air. When you exhale (breathe out),
your diaphragm relaxes back up. The space inside your chest gets smaller forcing the air
out of your lungs.
Vocabulary: Key components of:
heart, lung, kidneys, eyes, ears, skins, and teeth